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2 results on '"MLC, micellar liquid chromatography"'

1. Modern analytical approaches to high-throughput drug discovery

Author

Gómez-Hens, A. and Aguilar-Caballos, M.P.

Subjects
*ANALYTICAL chemistry, *BIOLUMINESCENCE assay, *CHEMOMETRICS, *CHEMILUMINESCENCE
Abstract

Abstract: Recent advances in analytical chemistry, such as miniaturization, automation, robotics, parallel separations, detection systems and chemometrics, have found interesting applications in the development of drug-discovery programs. To select drug candidates, these programs require high-throughput screening (HTS) assays, which evaluate the biological activity of a large number of compounds against a panel of targets, as well as determining the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of these compounds. However, the need to obtain such information earlier in the drug-discovery process has posed new challenges to analytical chemistry. This article presents a critical overview of: [•] the current analytical techniques and approaches used in selecting drug candidates; [•] the limitations that need to be overcome; and, [•] the recent advances in HTS assays proposed to overcome these limitations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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2. Detection and quantification of Covid-19 antiviral drugs in biological fluids and tissues

Author

Maria Assunta Acquavia, Raffaella Pascale, Luca Foti, Laura Scrano, Antonia Nicolò, Vincenzo Brancaleone, Giuseppe Martelli, Tommaso R. I. Cataldi, and Giuliana Bianco

Subjects
HILIC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, PIs, protease inhibitors, RSD, relative standard deviation, Review, CE, capillary electrophoresis, MSI, MALDI-MS Imaging, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical Fractionation, Biological matrices, Pharmacology, CSF, cerebrospinal fluid, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Drug detection, MRM, Muliple Reaction Monitoring, OSP, oseltamivir phosphate, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring, Ph. Eur, European Pharmacopoeia, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, ESI, electrospray ionization, LC, liquid chromatography, Chemistry, FL, fluorescence, Antivirals, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, RdRpIs, RNA polymerase inhibitors, LLE, liquid-liquid extraction, Err, absolute value of the relative error, 0210 nano-technology, Q-MSI, quantitative MALDI-MS Imaging, RE, relative error, SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), PSA, primary-secondary amine, Liquid chromatography, HLB, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, LLOQ, lower limit of quantification, Q, QuEChERS, TCA, trichloroacetic acid, Quechers, Antiviral Agents, CHCA, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, BeWos, human placental choriocarcinoma trophobplast cells, Capillary electrophoresis, Pharmacokinetics, Analytical methods, UAE, ultrasound assisted extraction, PMA, phosphomolybdic acid, Biological fluids, Animals, Humans, ADME, adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, ICH, International Conference on Harmonization, Pandemics, SRM, Selected Reaction Monitoring, PBA, phenylboronic acid, LOQ, limit of quantification, PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, UHPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, LOD, limit of detection, Mass spectrometry, SARS-CoV-2, SPE, solid-phase extraction, 010401 analytical chemistry, d-SPE, dispersive-sold-phase extraction, COVID-19, CV, coefficient of variation, MTBE, methyltertbutyl ether, ACN, acetonitrile, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, 0104 chemical sciences, MCX, mixed-mode cationic exchange, QC, quality control, Clinical trial, NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, PP, protein precipitation, MS, mass spectrometry, MLC, micellar liquid chromatography, CRMs, certified reference materials, DEV, deviation from nominal concentration value, EMA, European Medicines Agency, AD, absolute deviation, DHB, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
Abstract

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as a fast-spreading pandemic, causing a huge number of deaths worldwide, several therapeutic options have been tested to counteract or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific drugs for COVID-19 are available, but many antiviral agents have been authorised by several national agencies. Most of them are under investigation in both preclinical and clinical trials; however, pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies are needed to identify the most suitable dose to achieve the desired effect on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the efforts of the scientific community have focused on the screening of therapies able to counteract the most severe effects of the infection, as well as on the search of sensitive and selective analytical methods for drug detection in biological matrices, both fluids and tissues. In the last decade, many analytical methods have been proposed for the detection and quantification of antiviral compounds currently being tested for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, a critical discussion on the overall analytical procedure is provided, i.e (a) sample pre-treatment and extraction methods such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), (b) detection and quantification methods such as potentiometry, spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as (c) methods including a preliminary separation step, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to UV–Vis or MS detection. Further current trends, advantages and disadvantages and prospects of these methods have been discussed, to help the analytical advances in reducing the harm caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Fourteen antiviral drugs were tested to counteract the effects of COVID-19. • A review of analytical methods for antivirals detection is presented. • Method validation, drugs extraction, separation and detection are discussed. • LC-MS and MS/MS is mostly used for accurate and sensitive drugs quantification.

Published
2021

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