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Simple Summary: Colorectal cancer remains a prevalent neoplasm affecting both genders. Despite advancements in screening techniques facilitating early detection, effective patient management remains paramount. This study investigates the impact of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach on patient outcomes. Results reveal a significant improvement in survival rates among MDT-followed patients compared to those lacking MDT oversight. Notably, no-MDT patients exhibited a twofold increase in mortality risk from both colon and rectal cancers. Furthermore, advanced age (>70 years) and advanced-stage disease (III and IV) emerged as pivotal risk factors. Consequently, prioritizing MDT intervention for these high-risk cohorts is imperative to optimize therapeutic strategies. Colorectal cancer emerged as the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide, affecting nearly 2 million individuals in the year 2020. This study elucidates the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in influencing the prognosis, as measured by relative survival rates, depending upon the stage and age. Cases recorded in an Italian Cancer Registry between 2017 and 2018 were included. Relative survival was reported at 1 and 3 years after diagnosis comparing MDT vs. no-MDT approaches. During the study period, 605 CRCs were recorded while 361 (59.7%) were taken care of by an MDT. Compared to no-MDT, MDT patients were younger with earlier stages and received more surgery. One year after diagnosis, survival was 78.7% (90% in MDT vs. 62% in no-MDT); stratifying by stage, in the MDT group there was no survival advantage for stage I (97.2% vs. 89.9%) and II (96.8% vs. 89.4%), but an advantage was observed for stage III (86.4% vs. 56.9%) and stage IV (63.7% vs. 27.4%). Similar values were observed at 3 years where a marked advantage was observed for stages III (69.9% vs. 35.1%) and IV (29.2% vs. 5.1%). The univariable analysis confirmed an excess risk in the no-MDT group (HR 2.6; 95% CI 2.0–3.3), also confirmed in the multivariable regression analysis (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.5–2.5). Despite the increase in the number of MDT patients in 2018 (from 50% to 69%), this does not correspond to an improvement in outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on new cancer diagnoses and the treatment of cancer patients. This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment in Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy. Using data from the Cancer Registry from 2018 to 2021, we found a significant drop in new prostate cancer diagnoses during 2020, the height of the pandemic. The number of new cases decreased by 31% in 2020, with a slight recovery of 5% in 2021. We also observed a shift towards more advanced stages and aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with fewer early-stage diagnoses and more cases of metastatic cancer. Despite these changes, treatments such as surgery and radiation therapy have remained constant. The pandemic disrupted an increasing trend of prostate cancer diagnoses seen before 2019, highlighting the need for ongoing diagnostic services and healthcare delivery, even during global health emergencies. Our study highlights the significant impact of COVID-19 on prostate cancer management and the importance of healthcare system resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused delays in cancer diagnoses and reductions in treatments. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on prostate cancer by evaluating whether there has been a shift towards more aggressive (Gleason) and more advanced tumors (stage IV) and a decline in treatments. The study was conducted on 1123 cases of prostate cancer incident in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy, in the period of 2018–2021. In 2020, there was a decline in new diagnoses of prostate cancer (−31%), followed by a slight recovery in 2021 (+5%). While Gleason 7 and 8–10 values remained constant, a significant decrease was recorded in stage I (38.7%, 41.6%, 35.5%, and 27.7%) and an increase in stage IV (13.1%, 13%, 15.4%, and 20%) cases in the years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. However, there was no impact on surgical treatment (which remained constant at around 35%) and radiotherapy (around 39%). Our findings underline the profound impact of COVID-19 on prostate cancer management, highlighting the importance of healthcare resilience in the face of unprecedented disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplasm characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment, MM patients eventually experienced a relapse of the disease. Penta‐drug refractory patients continue to be the hard core of relapsed/refractory (RR) settings. Teclistamab‐cqyv is a humanized IgG4 antibody and a bispecific BCMA‐director CD3 T‐cell engager. It recruits endogenous T cells, by targeting CD3 receptors expressed on their surface, resulting in their activation against BCMA, an antigen expressed by plasma cells. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved Teclistamab‐cqyv in monotherapy for the treatment of RRMM patients who have received at least three prior therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs), and anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and have demonstrated disease progression during the last therapy. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in a pivotal clinical trial where the overall response rate (ORR) reached 60%. Other clinical studies are currently ongoing to investigate the association of the bispecific antibody with novel drugs with encouraging preliminary results, especially in the setting of heavily pretreated patients. In this review, the authors will provide a comprehensive overview of the drug, including its mechanism of action, major clinical trials, and future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach on outcomes with endometrial cancer (EC) patients, utilizing 2013–2020 data from the Reggio Emilia Cancer Registry. Recurrence rate, treatments, and outcome indicators were compared between the MDT (319 cases) and non-MDT (324 cases) groups. Among 643 cases, 52.4% were over 65 years old, 98% had microscopic confirmation, and 73% were in stage I. Surgery was performed in 89%, with 41% receiving adjuvant therapies. Recurrence rates (10%) were similar between the two groups, but MDT patients who were older and predominantly in stage I exhibited 79% recurrence within one year (21% in the non-MDT group). Disease-free survival (DFS) showed no significant difference [HR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7–1.6], while differences in overall survival (OS) were notable [HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.4]. The 5-year OS rates were 87% and 79% in the MDT and non-MDT groups. Comparing the 2013–2015 to 2016–2020 study periods, a shift towards caring for older women, more advanced-stage patients, and those residing outside the metropolitan area, along with a greater number of relapsed cases (from 16% to 76%), were accounted for. These findings underscore the impact of an MDT on EC outcomes, highlighting the evolving patient demographics over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tagraxofusp (or SL‐401) is a recombinant molecule composed of human interleukin‐3 that binds CD123 on neoplastic cells fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT). Tagraxofusp's most significant success has come from studies involving patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), an aggressive disease that is usually refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Tagraxofusp had an acceptable safety profile and high efficacy in early phase I/II studies on patients with BPDCN. Another phase II study confirmed the good response rates, resulting in Food and Drugs Administration and European Medicine Agency approval of tagraxofusp for the treatment of BPDCN. Considering its high efficacy and its manageable safety profile, tagraxofusp has been suddenly explored in other myeloid malignancies with high expression of cell surface CD123, both in monotherapy or combination strategies. The triplet tagraxofusp‐azacytidine‐venetoclax appears to be of particular interest among these combinations. Furthermore, combination strategies may be used to overcome tagraxofusp resistance. The downregulation of DPH1 (diphthamide biosynthesis 1), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of histidine 715 on eEF2 to diphthamide, which is then the direct target of ADP ribosylation DT, is typically associated with this resistance phenomenon. It has been discovered that azacitidine can reverse DHP1 expression and restore sensitivity to tagraxofusp. In conclusion, the success of tagraxofusp in BPDCN paved the way for its application even in other CD123‐positive malignancies. Nowadays, several ongoing trials are exploring the use of tagraxofusp in different myeloid neoplasms. This review aims to summarize the actual role of tagraxofusp in BPDCN and other CD123‐positive myeloid malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are acquired bone marrow malignant disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, resulting from a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic mutations, alterations of the marrow microenvironment, and the immune system. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a classification that integrates morphologic and genetic information, considering the MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS‐RS) as a distinct entity. Considering the strong association between MDS‐RS and SF3B1 mutation and its importance in the development of MDS, the last WHO classification replaced the prior entity of MDS‐RS with MDS with SF3B1 mutation. Several studies were performed to explore this genotype‐phenotype correlation. Mutant SF3B1 protein deregulates the expression of genes implicated in developing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Of paramount importance are PPOX and ABCB7 involved in iron metabolism. Another essential role in hemopoiesis is played by the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) receptor. This gene exerts its effects on SMAD pathways, regulating hematopoiesis through effects on balancing proliferation and apoptosis cell inactivity, differentiation, and migration. Luspatercept (ACE‐536) is a soluble fusion protein that inhibits molecules in the TGF‐β superfamily. Since its structure resembles the TGF‐β family receptor, it catches TGF‐β superfamily ligands before binding to the receptor, resulting in reduced activation of SMAD signaling, thus enabling erythroid maturation. Luspatercept was investigated in the phase III trial MEDALIST, showing promising efficacy in treating anemia compared to placebo. Nowadays, further studies are needed to explore the real potential of luspatercept, investigating the biological features likely associated with treatment response, the potential use in combination treatments, and its role in the treatment of naïve MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]