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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, it’s noxious to human and experimental animals. Nowadays, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are among the most widely used metal oxide nanoparticles in biological applications because of their cost-effectiveness and superior biocompatibility. Current research aims to assess ZnO-NPs protective effect against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. In the present investigation, 16 female mature rats were randomly distributed over four groups. The rats of the first group were daily received 1 ml normal saline intraperitoneally, the rats of second group were administrated with 4 mg/kg MSG by gavage, the rats of third group were administrated with 10 mg/kg ZnO-NPs intraperitoneally, and the rats of fourth group were administrated with the mixture of the MSG/ZnO-NPs. After 14 days, all rats were weighed; then, the liver and kidneys were processed using histopathological techniques, and blood specimens were used for biochemical analysis. MSG generated various histological changes in liver tissues, including hepatocyte deterioration, inflammation, and vascular congestion.Regarding the kidney, certain histological alterations, such as a contracted glomerulus, inflammatory infiltration, congestion, and tubule dilatation following MSG treatment, were detected. Regarding biochemical parameters, MSG elevated each AST, ALT, ALP, urea, and MDA level. More importantly, ZnO-NPs could decrease the negative influences of histological and biochemical changes that MSG causes in both the liver and kidney of rats. ZnO-NP therapy improved the aberrant histological changes in the liver and kidneys caused by MSG.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) could cause increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress in the testicles, which adversely affected sperm quality. Dayak onion extract which is known for its high antioxidant content, could help alleviate oxidative stress caused by MSG. This research examined the effect of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) on sperm abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity in mice (Mus musculus) exposed to MSG. Twenty-five male mice, 8 weeks old with a body weight approximately 20g, were divided into five groups, C– (received 0.5% Na-CMC), C+ (received 4 mg/g bw MSG), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) which were given 4 mg/g bw MSG accompanied by Dayak onion extract at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg bw respectively. All treatments lasted for 52 days. Significant differences (p

In this paper, multiscale modeling of polymer composites consisting of Graphene Foam (GF) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is conducted, and their Thermal Conductivity (TC) is investigated through the use of nano-to-microscale analyses. The TC of the PDMS matrix and GF is calculated using the Molecular Dynamics (MD) method. The effective properties of the composites are computed utilizing the Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) coupled with Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) as a novel micromechanical method, which allows an accurate description of the problem resulting in a high-fidelity analysis. Due to the unique interconnected structure of GF, the TC of GF/PDMS composite reaches 0.406 Wm–1 K–1 for GF with 63% porosity, which is about 69% ± 2% higher than that of neat PDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) could cause increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress in the testicles, which adversely affected sperm quality. Dayak onion extract which is known for its high antioxidant content, could help alleviate oxidative stress caused by MSG. This research examined the effect of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) on sperm abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity in mice (Mus musculus) exposed to MSG. Twentyfive male mice, 8 weeks old with a body weight approximately 20g, were divided into five groups, C-- (received 0.5% Na-CMC), C+ (received 4 mg/g bw MSG), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) which were given 4 mg/g bw MSG accompanied by Dayak onion extract at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg bw respectively. All treatments lasted for 52 days. Significant differences (p <0.05) in sperm abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity were observed among the groups. Sperm abnormalities found were (12.3 ± 1.92), (61.1 ± 3.10), (41.6 ± 2.87), (30.4± 1.91), and (18.2 ± 2.10) % respectively for C--, C+, T1, T2 and T3. Meanwhile, sperm plasma membrane integrity found were (33.0 ± 3.24), (69.3 ± 2.32), (41.8 ± 2.42), (55.4 ± 3.11), and (64.2 ± 1.27) % respectively for C--, C+, T1, T2 and T3. These results indicate that Dayak onion extract could help reduce sperm abnormalities and maintain plasma membrane integrity in mice exposed to MSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread utilization of food additives has garnered increasing attention owing to the safety implications. The continuous reassessment of potential toxicogenic and teratogenic risks associated with food additives is imperative. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and saccharin, which are prevalently used in the food industry, were the focus of this study. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of MSG, saccharin, and the MSG-saccharin combination on the embryos of wader (Rasbora lateristriata) fish. Observations were conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h postfertilization (hpf) following substance administration. The findings indicated that the MSG- and MSG-saccharintreated groups exhibited higher incidences of spinal abnormalities, pericardial edema, and bradycardia. Regarding safety, the survival rates of the saccharin-treated groups were higher than those of the MSG- and MSG-saccharin-treated groups. The observations further suggested variations in survival and hatching rates, body pigmentation, and blood clotting. Spinal irregularities, pericardial edema, and bradycardia were the predominant abnormalities recorded. These results establish the developmental risks associated with MSG and its combination with saccharin, emphasizing the need for further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa in mice (Mus musculus) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (CMC-Na 0.5%), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The results showed no significant differences in the motility and concentration of spermatozoa between the C- (81.50 ± 4.18; 7.21 ± 0.37) and T3 (77 ± 2.74; 7.04 ± 0.13) groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the results showed significant differences in the viability of spermatozoa between the C- (83.30 ± 3.40) and T3 (77.20 ± 4.06) groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of Dayak onion extracts orally to mice induced with MSG can maintain the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa.

This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells in mice (Mus musculus) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (0.5% CMC-Na), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 0.5% CMC-Na), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The mice were euthanized on day 53 of the experiment. Their testicles were removed and used to prepare histological specimens with the H&E staining method. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells between the C+ group and the T1, T2, and T3 groups with gradually decreasing values. The results suggested that the administration of the extract of Dayak onions can prevent Sertoli and Leydig cell necrosis in mice induced with MSG at an optimal dose of 120 mg/kg BW.

Background: Sesame oil and sunflower oil are popular cooking oils in southern India. Deep-frying is a frequent method of food preparation. Deep-frying at high temperatures has been linked with several disorders, including cancer, diabetes, and unknown metabolic problems. There have been no long-term investigations on the influence of deep-fried oils on PUFA metabolism and pathogenesis. As a result, the current study aimed to explore the effect of deep-fried frying oil on Wistar rats by continuous treatment. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of MSG-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats was investigated. Methods: Wistar rats weighing 200–260 g were used in this study. Female rats were divided into five groups fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) unheated sesame oil (UHSO) along with standard chow, and (3) reheated sesame oil (RHSO) along with standard chow, (4) unheated sunflower oil (UHSFO) along with standard chow, and (5) reheated sunflower oil (RHSFO) along with standard chow and continued up to F1 generation. Furthermore, F1 male rats were treated with MSG of 2 g/kg body weight for 10 alternative days and were sacrificed for major tissues. Results: We found that rats treated with RHSO and RHSFO showed increased body weight. Deep-fried oil-fed rats (RHSO and RHSFO) showed a significant increase in total cholesterol- 100 mg/dl, LDL- 23 mg/dl, & TAG—100 mg/dl, when compared to unheated oil rats. Liver function tests revealed that AST and ALT levels were significantly elevated in RHSO and RHSFO when compared to unheated oils and the control group. Inflammatory markers revealed that Hs-CRP (0.35 mg/dl) and LDH levels (6000 U/L) were significantly elevated in RHSO and RHSFO when compared to the unheated oils and control group. RT-PCR results showed significant elevation in the antioxidant genes SOD (twofold) and GPX (3-fold) when compared to UHSO and UHSFO groups. Liver and colon histology showed significant damage in the cell structure of RHSO and RHSFO-treated rats. Further, rats treated with unheated oils and MSG showed statistically significantly higher mRNA expression of neuroplasticity genes CREB, BDNF and reduced NMDA levels (UHSO, UHSFO) when compared to reheated oil groups (RHSO & RHSFO). Proinflammatory marker TNF-α expression was significantly elevated in RHSFO-treated rats when compared to control. Brain histology showed focal damage in glial cell degeneration in rats treated with RHSO and RHSFO when compared to other groups. Conclusion: The results from the present study proved that continuous supplementation deep-fried reheated oil consumption increased serum TGL and oxidative stress markers. Impaired liver metabolism and the involvement of the gut-liver-brain axis increased the risk of neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa in mice (Mus musculus) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (CMC-Na 0.5%), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The results showed no significant differences in the motility and concentration of spermatozoa between the C- (81.50 ± 4.18; 7.21 ± 0.37) and T3 (77 ± 2.74; 7.04 ± 0.13) groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the results showed significant differences in the viability of spermatozoa between the C- (83.30 ± 3.40) and T3 (77.20 ± 4.06) groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of Dayak onion extracts orally to mice induced with MSG can maintain the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells in mice (Mus musculus) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (0.5% CMC-Na), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 0.5% CMC-Na), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The mice were euthanized on day 53 of the experiment. Their testicles were removed and used to prepare histological specimens with the H&E staining method. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells between the C+ group and the T1, T2, and T3 groups with gradually decreasing values. The results suggested that the administration of the extract of Dayak onions can prevent Sertoli and Leydig cell necrosis in mice induced with MSG at an optimal dose of 120 mg/kg BW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: • This original study examined the antioxidant compounds derived from naturally sourced Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. • The findings demonstrated that roselle tea offers a viable and cost-effective solution for repairing histological damage to the digestive organs induced by monosodium glutamate. Abstract Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commonly used synthetic additive for enhancing food flavor. Excessive use of MSG can cause cytotoxic effects, which disrupt the balance of oxidative stress and free radicals in the body, particularly in the human digestive system. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a plant with red petals renowned for its abundance of beneficial compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other antioxidants that function as free radical antidotes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administering roselle tea and determine the optimal dose for restoring the digestive organs of MSG-induced mice (Mus musculus). The research employed a completely randomized design with a random sampling method. A total of 25 mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (K-) that received 0.3 mL of distilled water, a positive control group (K+) given 4 mg/g bw of MSG, and three treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) administered with 4 mg/g bw of MSG along with varying doses of roselle tea (2.6 mg/g bw, 3.9 mg/g bw, and 5.2 mg/g bw, respectively). The treatment was orally administered via gavage for 30 days. The stomach, duodenum, and liver underwent histopathological examination using the paraffin method and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The observed parameters in the stomach and duodenum included necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, villous erosion, and epithelial desquamation. Meanwhile, the parameters examined in the hepatic organs were necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cell degeneration. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to assess the normal distribution and homogeneity of the data. If the data exhibited a normal distribution, Duncan's post-hoc test was conducted. The results revealed significant differences among the groups (p

Purpose of Review: To review the evidence and role of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a headache and migraine trigger. Recent Findings: MSG is a common food additive, has widely been linked as a trigger of headache, as well as other symptoms. However, the evidence for MSG as a causative agent for headache is debated. Various clinical trials over the past several decades have reported conflicting results, with studies suggesting that MSG does and does not increase the incidence of headache. However, the dosages of MSG exposure are often inconsistent across studies, with many studies administering a dose significantly higher than the average consumption.. Additionally, there are misconceptions about which foods and cuisines have MSG in them. Summary: MSG could be a potential trigger for migraine and headaches. It is unclear exactly how MSG plays into the migraine pathophysiology. It's crucial to accurately determine if MSG is present in one's diet to evaluate its potential impact on headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer that is added to many ready-to-eat foods and is known to be excitotoxic to neurons in the brain. The aim of the study is to investigate immunohistochemically the neural damage that occurs in the neurons in the hippocampus regions of childhood rats, despite the protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against the possible toxic effects of MSG and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is effective in brain development. Material and Method A total of 24 Wistar albino rats will be used as 6 females in childhood in each group. Group 1: Control group (0.9 % saline solution 1.3.5.7.9. days subcutaneous (sc), Group 2: MSG administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc), Group 3: MSG + EPA administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally), Group 4: MSG + DHA applied (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally), at the end of the 9th day, the brain tissues will be placed in 10% neutral formalin for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL technique application in the hippocampus CA1 region. Results When the hippocampus CA1 region of the brains of childhood rats was examined, S100β immunoreactivity showed a strong and significant reaction in the MSG group compared to the other groups (p=0.000). It was observed that the difference between MSG+EPA and MSG+DHA groups was insignificant (p<0.05). GFAP immunoreactivity also showed a strong and significant reaction in the MSG group compared to the other groups (p=0.000). It was observed that the difference between MSG+EPA and MSG+DHA groups was insignificant both in comparison with each other and with the control group (p<0.05). In the MSG group, TUNEL showed a strong positive reaction in neuroglial cells. Expression was weak in the control group. TUNEL staining reaction was weak in the control group. A decrease in TUNEL staining reaction was detected in hippocampal neurons in all areas in the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups. No significant difference was observed in the TUNEL staining reaction between MSG+EPA and both the control group and the MSG+DHA groups (p>0.05). Conclusion While MSG caused an increase in the positive expression of S100β, GFAP and TUNEL in the hippocampus CA1 region of the brain, MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA caused a decrease in neuronal expression and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of MSG together with Omega-3 fatty acids in childhood may have a protective effect against neuroglial damage and apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a thermodynamic and acoustic investigation of the monosodium glutamate (MSG) food preservative in an aqueous solution. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and (PEG 600) as a solute is employed to create a ternary solution. The acoustic and volumetric parameters for the liquid mixture (water + monosodium glutamate + polyethylene glycol) at various temperatures (288.15 K, 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K) and constant pressure of 0.1 MPa. were determined using a range of monosodium glutamate concentrations [(0.01), (0.02), and (0.03) mol.kg−1].In the experiment, a density and sound velocity measurement, the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M, was used. Many distinct thermodynamic variables, including partial molar transfer parameters and apparent and partial molar characteristics, are calculated from the experimental data. According to the McMillan-Mayer theory, the estimated derived parameters are then used to produce the pair-triplet coefficients and the first derivatives of the partial molar expansibilities. The results provide valuable insights into the MSG-PEG system's molecular interactions and thermodynamic behavior, offering potential applications for enhanced food preservation techniques in the food industry.

This research aimed to determine the application of natural flavoring powder processed from shrimp waste. Natural MSG (Monosodium glutamate) which plays a role in shrimp waste due to the presence of glutamic acid in it. Flavoring is a component of cooking that can provide flavors to food. As an alternative to using flavoring shrimp waste can be used as a basic ingredient of flavoring high protein and safe for health. The implementation method is carried out through 3 steps, (1) preparation and briefing, (2) implementation of program and (3) evaluation of the implementation of program. This activity was welcomed by the enthusiasm of the residents and was attended by around 50 trainess. The results of the program show that the process of making shrimp broth powder has been very well carried out in accordance with the directions for processing procedures and also ran smoothly followed by enthusiastic trainees following. Assessment of the characteristics of shrimp broth powder showed that the appearance of shrimp broth powder was very uniform and intact, had a light brown color, had a smooth texture, and had a delicious taste.

Introduction: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) as a flavour enhancer is still being widely used in a range of diet formulations. Several studies have recently revealed undesirable side effects of its long-term intake. The immune system is a potential target of toxicity following chemicals exposure. Thymus is a primary lymph organ which produces immunocompetent T cells. It enhances the maturation of lymphoid precursors into T cells to establish the T cell pool during life in human. Aim of the Work: To evaluate the toxic effect of MSG on the thymus of adult male albino rat and the possible protecting role of vitamin C when administered concomitantly. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used for this work and were divided randomly into four equal groups; Group 1 used as control, Group II received 100 mg/kg vitamin C, Group 3: received 3 g/kg MSG and Group 4 received both MSG and vitamin C concomitantly. Both drugs were given once daily orally. After 60 days the thymus glands were obtained and processed for histological, immunohistochemical using caspase 3, morphometric and statistical studies. Results: MSG administration resulted in marked decrease in thymic cellularity with significant increase in caspase 3 positive cells in association with ultrastructural changes in the thymocytes and epithelial reticular cells. Concomitant administration of vitamin C with MSG reduced the previous histological alteration with decrease in caspase 3 positive cells. Conclusion: Monosodium glutamate affects the histological structure of the thymus gland and its concomitant administration with vitamin C diminished its thymic toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and aspartame are the most food addaitives allover-the world. Prolonged xposure to the two additives results in several adverse effects on the differnet body organs. Recently, natural palnts and their fruits are considered as a new medical approach for alleviating of many diseases. In the curunt work we attempt to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit against adverse effects of MSG and aspartame on the liver of mother's rats and their offspring. 36 pregnant rats were used in these studies, they were classified into 6 groups(six for each); control, MSG, aspartame, MSG+ Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit, Aspartame+ Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit and MSG+Aspartame + Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit. At the end of weaning (21 day postnatal), the mothers rats and and their pups were sacrificed, the blood was collected and the whole liver was removed to investigate the histopathological and biochemical changes induced in the liver. The obtained results revealed severe histopathological signs in the liver of MSG and aspartame supplemented mother's rats and their pups, these signs included dilated hepatic sinosoids, dialted central veins, pyknotic hepatocytes and presence of multiple Kupffer cells. Also, remarkable apoptosis appeared in the hepatocytes that indicated by strong expression of P53 and weak expression for Bcl-2. An obvious increase in the liver enzymes (ALT&AST) and caspase-3 but significant decrease in the levels of antioxidants (SOD&CAT) were observed in MSG and aspartame supplemented mother's rats and their pups. Suppelementaion of Opuntia ficusindica Fruit juice was successfully ameliorated the deleterious histopathological and biochemical alterations induced by MSG and aspartame. This amelioration was mainly attributed to the vital phytochemical and antioxidant nutrients in this fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food ingredient that is increasingly used commercially. MSG leads to oxidative stress, consequently suppressing steroid hormone production that causes defects in male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant on testicular damage in MSG-induced male rats. Methods Sixty adult male Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten as follows: control (water), sham (normal saline), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w), MSG (3 g/kg b.w), MSG + L-carnitine 100 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 100 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine), and MSG + L-carnitine 200 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 200 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine). The treatment was administered by oral gavage for six months. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), LH, FSH, testosterone, and mRNA expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 genes, and histological and stereological changes were assessed. Results L-carnitine led to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and a significant rise in the serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, and mRNA expression of Star and Cyp11a1 compared to the MSG group (p

Children are more likely to consume monosodium glutamate (MSG) as this is prevalent in fast food such as fried chicken and snack food such as chip products. The aim of this study was to establish the toxic effects of higher MSG consumption in one-month old Wistar rats to estimate the human equivalent dose (HED) specific to children. To understand the impact of higher MSG consumption Wistar rats were fed orally four different doses (group I-IV: 2,000 mg/kg, 4,000 mg/kg, 20,000 mg/kg and 30,000 mg/kg which with respect to HED (9 years in children), were 480mg/kg, 960 mg/Kg, 4800 mg/Kg and 7200 mg/Kg) daily for 5 weeks compared with the control group. Histopathology was studied using Hemotoxylin and Eosin staining. The results showed an increased body weight in all MSG groups; colon with focal aberrant crypt hyperplasia noted in group IV and lymphoid cell aggregates noted in group III. The liver showed feathery degeneration and focal portal congestion were noted in all the MSG groups compared to the control groups. The kidneys showed focal congestion of blood vessels in all MSG groups. Stomach tissues exhibited no significant changes. Brain tissue sections showed congested blood vessels, and focal gliosis in group I and IV, ballooning degeneration was noted in group I, neuronal aggregates were found in group II, but group III showed no evidences of aggregates, gliosis or necrosis. This study suggests that regular and higher consumption of MSG had a deleterious impact on the organs as evident in the histology analysis and hence it is better to avoid consuming MSG containing foods especially for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widespread flavor enhancer and stabilizer in manufactured or packaged foods that possess myriad adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MSG on placental progesterone receptors and fetal development. Thirty pregnant Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups (ten/each). The control group (G1) gavaged distilled water only, low-dose treated group (G2) gavaged 3 g/kg MSG, and high-dose treated group (G3) gavaged 6 g/kg MSG from 1st to 18th days of gestation, and all pregnant rats were sacrificed on the 19th day of gestation. The effect of MSG on fetal weights, crown vertebral length (CVL), placental weight, placental ghrelin expression, and fetal skeleton examination were estimated. MSG induced a significant decrease in fetal weights, CVL lengths, placental weight, and ghrelin expression in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Several parts of the fetal skeleton showed incomplete ossification and delayed chondrification in which high-dose maternally treated fetuses were more affected. Many degenerative changes were detected in both maternal and fetal liver and kidney tissues in MSG-treated groups. Moreover, MSG caused a significant increase in serum ALT, ALP, and creatinine levels in pregnant rats' blood. Serum progesterone was only elevated in G3 on the 19th day of gestation. This study showed that the administration of MSG during pregnancy adversely influences fetal growth and skeletal development and caused several biochemical and histological changes in the maternal and fetal liver and kidney tissues which assure the toxic and teratogenic effects of MSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is one of the most commonly used flavors that may lend to motor incoordination. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects with neuro-protective effects. Objectives: Present work aimed to elucidate possible protective potential of ALA on the motor incoordination induced by MSG and the possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Seventy male Wister albino rats were randomized into five groups: 1-Control group (10 rats). 2-MSG group (20 rats): MSG 3 wks and MSG 6 wks ten rats each. 3-ALA pretreated group (10 rats). 4-ALA cotreated group (20 rats): ALA cotreated 3 wks and ALA cotreated 6 wks ten rats each. 5-Alpha-Lipoic acid-post-group. Thereafter, motor coordination assessed using Rotarod and Footprint analysis were assessed in addition to serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), cerebellar brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Oxidative DNA damage were measured. Also, histo-pathological examination of cerebellar tissue was performed and number of purkinjie cells was assessed. Results: ALA resulted in better improvement for MSG-induced motor incoordination, oxidative impairment and microscopic alterations of cerebellar architecture in cotreated group than that of post-treated group, with insignificant change in pretreated group. Conclusion: ALA exhibit protective effect against motor incoordination, oxidative stress and cerebellar damage induced by MSG toxicity best as cotreatment, less when used as post-treatment but this effect useless as pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new strategy based on random forest (RF) classifier multi-learning is elaborated for the rainfall intensities classification from remote sensing data provided by Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. It consists in carrying out a series of classifications to isolate a class at each treatment (learning/classification). The idea developed here is to allow the RF classifiers to better separate the classes by proceeding one by one. To do this, the training of a set of RF models independently of each other is carried out. The first learning is performed to isolate the first class. Pixels belonging to the first class are excluded from the database during the second training. This second learning is performed on the remaining pixels to isolate the second class. The pixels corresponding to the second class are also excluded from the database during the third training. The process continues until the separation between the two last classes. Thus, for n classes, we perform n−1 learning. The learning and validation of RF models (hereafter called Multi-RF) are realized by comparing input data from the MSG satellite with output data from Setif meteorological radar. To evaluate the Multi-RF, the results obtained are compared to those obtained by applying the standard RF (Uni-RF) and to One versus All RF (OvA-RF). The comparison results indicate superior performance for the proposed scheme. Indeed, the evaluation statistical parameters obtained for Multi-RF are better than those obtained by Uni-RF and OvA-RF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, dendrimer-modified montmorillonite (Mt)-decorated poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHIT)-based nanofibers were prepared. Mt was modified with a poly(amidoamine) generation 1 (PAMAMG1) dendrimer, and the obtained PAMAMG1–Mt was incorporated into the PCL–CHIT nanofiber's structure. The PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt nanofibers were conjugated with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) to design a bio-based detection system for monosodium glutamate (MSG). PAMAMG1–Mt was added to the PCL–CHIT backbone to provide a multipoint binding side to immobilize GluOx via covalent bonds. After the characterization of PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt/GluOx, it was calibrated for MSG. The linear ranges were determined from 0.025 to 0.25 mM MSG using PCL–CHIT/Mt/GluOx and from 0.0025 to 0.175 mM MSG using PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt/GluOx (with a detection limit of 7.019 µM for PCL–CHIT/Mt/GluOx and 1.045 µM for PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt/GluOx). Finally, PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt/GluOx was applied to analyze MSG content in tomato soup without interfering with the sample matrix, giving a recovery percentage of 103.125%. Hence, the nanofiber modification with dendrimer-intercalated Mt and GluOx conjugation onto the formed nanocomposite structures was performed, and the PCL–CHIT/PAMAMG1–Mt/GluOx system was successfully developed for MSG detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies are still the subject of food additives to know their positive and negative effects, primarily as they are widely used globally. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the histological effects of sodium nitrite and monosodium glutamate on the histological structure of the kidney in pregnant rats. Twenty-four pregnant rats were used to achieve the aim of the study. The rats were classified into four groups, the first being the control group, the second treated with monosodium glutamate at 10 g/kg, the third injected with sodium nitrite at 115 mg/kg, and the fourth for interaction between the two substances and for the same concentrations. The results showed the occurrence of many lesions in the kidneys of experimental groups rats. The second group included interstitial tissue hyperplasia and necrosis of the glomeruli, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion of blood vessels, hydropic degeneration of some tubules, and necrosis of some of them. The third group included congestion, hemorrhage in the pulp area, degeneration of some urinary tubules, necrosis, and deformation of the glomerulus. However, degeneration of some tubules and necrosis were seen in the fourth group, such as glomerulus hyperplasia, reduction of Bowman's space, an increase in acidity of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells tubules, hyperplasia of the fibroblasts, and the desquamation of some tubules. The study concluded that these substances have harmful effects on the kidneys in pregnant rats, especially when they are overlapped, so they must be avoided during pregnancy to maintain kidney health.

Food additives and preservatives are widely used globally, which, despite their many benefits, have great harm if they are used without health restrictions or control, as they cause many health problems and tissue lesions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects on the lung of pregnant rats of two types of these substances: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and Sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Twenty-four pregnant rats used for this study, and they were divided into four groups equally. The control group was dosed with distilled water from the sixth day to the fifteenth day of pregnancy. The second was dosed with MSG at a 12g /kg concentration for the same period in the first group. The third injected with a concentration of 120 mg/kg of NaNO2 for the same period. The fourth was dosed with MSG and NaNO2 together, with the same concentrations and the above period. The results showed that the second group''s lungs showed many histopathological changes, including strong infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion of blood vessels, necrosis of bronchioles and alveolar septa, and emphysema of some alveoli. In the third group, changes included hyperplasia of the fibroblasts, hemorrhage in the alveoli, desquamation and necrosis in bronchioles, peri-bronchial fibrosis, blood vessel congestion. The fourth group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, necrosis in multiple lung areas, emphysema, fibrosis in some alveoli, and hypoplasia of the muscle fibers around the blood vessels. The study concluded that MSG and NaNO2 caused much tissue damage in the lungs of pregnant rats.

In the study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EK148 strain originating from sucuk was evaluated in terms of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) production level. The effect of temperature, pH and fermentation time factors on GABA production was evaluated by adding meat protein isolate as a source of glutamic acid to a medium without monosodium glutamate (MSG). With the responses obtained in the experimental design, optimum conditions for L. plantarum EK148 strain were determined as 10% protein extract concentration, 33.93 ºC temperature, pH 5.05 and 96 hours of fermentation time. It was determined that the lack of fit value between the model and the data obtained using the L. plantarum EK148 strain was insignificant, and that protein extract concentration and temperature had a significant effect on GABA production. With this study, meat proteins were used as a source of glutamic acid, and GABA production was carried out using L. plantarum EK148 strain in MSG-free medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food ingredient that is increasingly used commercially. MSG leads to oxidative stress, consequently suppressing steroid hormone production that causes defects in male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant on testicular damage in MSG-induced male rats. Methods: Sixty adult male Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten as follows: control (water), sham (normal saline), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w), MSG (3 g/kg b.w), MSG + L-carnitine 100 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 100 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine), and MSG + L-carnitine 200 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 200 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine). The treatment was administered by oral gavage for six months. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), LH, FSH, testosterone, and mRNA expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 genes, and histological and stereological changes were assessed. Results: L-carnitine led to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and a significant rise in the serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, and mRNA expression of Star and Cyp11a1 compared to the MSG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stereological results indicated a significant increment in the number of sexual lineage cells, the total volume of the testis, length, diameter, and volume of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, sperm count, and sperm motility (p < 0.05) in MSG + L-carnitine 200 compare to MSG group. Conclusion: The study's findings demonstrated that L-carnitine due to its anti-oxidant properties, ameliorated the reproductive abnormalities in the male rats exposed to MSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to discover the histopathological of the Monosodium glutamate (MSG), and Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), on the embryonic development of the eyes of albino mice Mus musculus. On the fourteenth and eighteenth day of pregnancy, the stage of organogenesis in these animals. A concentration of 9 g/kg of MSG, a concentration of 110 mg/kg of NaNO2, and the interaction between them used. The results of the study showed the presence of pathological changes to the eyes of the fetuses. The eye on the 14th day of pregnancy, when 9 g/kg of MSG used, there were retinal duplication, increased vascularization in the retina, condensation of some nuclei of the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells, and necrosis in the vicinity of the lens. When treating with NaNO2 110 mg/kg, there was an irregularity in the lens, corneal distortion, hyperplasia of the retinal nerve tissue. When the two materials overlapped, the corneal tissue necrosis, the lens fiber, and the inner plexiform layer were observed. On the 18th day of pregnancy, when treated with MSG 9g/kg, the most significant overall and striking damage was retinal duplication and optic nerve necrosis. When treated with NaNO2 110 mg/kg, the corneal stroma and dissociation were seen in the photoreceptor cells. In the case of their overlapping, extensive necrosis and reduction appeared in all layers of the retina. The study concluded that consuming MSG and NaNO2 more than the permissible limit during pregnancy leads to tissue lesions harmful to the eye.

The purpose of this study was to determine the preventive effect of Apis dorsata honey (AH) on the spermatogenic and Sertoli cells count of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study used 25 male BALB/c mice which were divided into five treatments. The negative control (C-) received aquadest, the positive control (C+) received MSG 4 mg/gBW, T1 received AH 2.7 mg/gBW + MSG 4 mg/gBW, T2 received AH 5.4 mg/gBW + MSG 4 mg/gBW, and T3 received AH 8.1 mg/gBW and MSG 4 mg/gBW. All groups were treated for 52 days. The testes were then prepared as histopathology slides and examined under a microscope. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells between C-, C+, T1, and T2 (p<0.05) and showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in spermatid and Sertoli cells count between C-(90.28 ± 1.361 and 13.60 ± 0.374) and T3 treatment group (88.04 ± 1.212 and 13.04 ± 0.434). The best preventive dosage of AH was the T3 with 8.1 mg/gBW. It can be concluded that administration of AH can maintain spermatogenic and Sertoli cells count in mice exposed to MSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing dietary content of glutamate through addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) enhances milk production by lactating sows and the growth of their offspring. Thirty multiparous sows (Landrace × Large White) were assigned randomly into one of three dietary groups: control (a corn- and soybean meal-based diet), the basal diet + 1% MSG, and the basal diet + 2% MSG. Diets were made isonitrogenous by the addition of appropriate amounts of l-alanine. Lactating sows had free access to drinking water and were fed twice daily their respective diets. The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 9 per sow at day 0 of lactation (the day of farrowing). On days 3, 15, and 29 of lactation, body weight and milk consumption of piglets were measured, and blood samples obtained from sows and piglets at 2 h and 1 h after feeding, respectively. Feed intake of sows did not differ (P > 0.05) among the three groups of sows. Concentrations of aspartate, glutamine, citrulline, arginine, tryptophan, proline, branched-chain amino acids, and glutamate were greater (P < 0.05) in the plasma of MSG-supplemented sows and their piglets than for controls. When compared with the control, dietary supplementation with 1–2% MSG increased (P < 0.05): concentrations of many free amino acids (including glutamate plus glutamine) and all protein-bound amino acids in milk; the milk intake of piglets by 14–25%; and daily weight gains of piglets by 23–44%. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1–2% MSG to lactating sows enhances milk production to support the growth of sow-reared piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is frequently consumed as a flavor enhancer or food additive. Possible damages induced by MSG effects on some organs have been stated in experimental animal models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of L-carnitine (L-ca) on the renal tissue in MSG-Induced Rats. Methods In this regard, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10/each): 1 (Control); 2 (sham); 3 (L-carnitine 200 mg/kg b.w); 4 (MSG 3 g/kg b.w); 5 (MSG + L-carnitine 100 mg/kg); and 6 (MSG + L-carnitine 200 mg/kg). After 6 months, the rats were sacrificed, the blood sample collected and the kidneys harvested for evaluation of biochemical analytes, genes expression, and histopathological changes. Results MSG significantly increased the serum level of MDA, BUN, creatinine, uric acid and renal Caspase-9, NGAL and KIM-1 expression, but it decreased the serum activity also renal expression of SOD, catalase, GPX, and Bcl-2 expression compared to the control group. Treatment with L-ca significantly reduced the serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid and MDA level and increased catalase, GPX and SOD compared to the MSG group. However, only administration of L-ca 200 significantly decreased the caspase-9, NGAL and KIM-1; also, it increased the Bcl-2 expression in the kidney compared to the MSG group. Conclusions Our findings indicated that L-carnitine had a major impact on the cell protection and might be an effective therapy in ameliorating the complications of the kidney induced by MSG via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

Objectives: This study proves the protective effect of Apis dorsata honey against chronic monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced testicular toxicity on the Leydig cell necrosis count and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum level in Mus musculus mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 male mice were used and grouped into two large groups: The control group consisting of negative control (C-) and positive control (C+). C+ group was fed with 4 mg/g body weight (gBW) of MSG followed by distilled water. The treatment group consisted treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3 groups with A. dorsata honey dosage 53.82 mg/20 g, 107.64 mg/20 g, 161.46 mg/20 g per os (p.o.), respectively, followed by MSG 4 mg/g BW of MSG p.o. For the difference analysis between the group used the one-way ANOVA test and Duncan test. Results: The result of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment group and control group (p<0.05) in the Leydig cell necrosis count and MDA levels. The highest Leydig cell necrosis count and MDA level were found in C+ with values 13.20 ± 2.05 cell and 37.08 ± 9.17 μmol/L compared to C-, while in the treatment group, T3 showed the lowest Leydig cell necrosis value and MDA level 4.64 ± 0.55 cell and 14.22 ± 2.01 μmol/L compared to the C+ group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that A. dorsata honey could reduce the Leydig cell necrosis number and MDA level of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to MSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed two convective storms that passed over or near the Milešovka meteorological observatory. The observatory is located at the top of a hill and has been recently equipped with a Doppler polarimetric X-band radar FURUNO WR2120 for cloud investigations. Our analysis was based mainly on Doppler polarimetric radar data measured in vertical cross-sections (RHI-Range-Height Indicator). Radar data was also used for classifying hydrometeors by a newly developed XCLASS (X-band radar CLASSification) algorithm. We also used rapid scan data measured by the geostationary satellite Meteosat Second Generation to validate radar measurements at the upper parts of storms. Although an attenuation correction was applied to the reflectivity and differential reflectivity measurements, the attenuation typical of X-band radars was noticeable. It was mainly manifested in the differential reflectivity, co-polar correlation coefficient and specific differential phase. Nevertheless, radar measurements can be used to analyze the internal cloud structure of severe convective storms. The XCLASS classification was developed by major innovation of a previously published algorithm. The XCLASS algorithm identifies seven types of hydrometeors: light rain, rain, wet snow, dry snow, ice, graupel, and hail. It uses measured horizontal and vertical radar reflectivity, specific differential phase, co-polar correlation coefficient, and temperature, and applies fuzzy logic to determine the type of hydrometeor. The new algorithm practically eliminates unrealistic results around and below the melting layer provided by the original algorithm. It identifies wet snow in more cases, and areas with individual hydrometeors have more realistic shapes compared to the original algorithm. The XCLASS algorithm shows reasonable results for the classification of hydrometeors and can be used to study the structure of convective storms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Floods are a natural occurrence that causes casualties, livestock losses and damage to buildings, facilities, gardens, fields and natural resources every year. Therefore, rainfall estimates have long been considered by researchers in various fields, and along with the advancement of science and the emergence of new technologies, many advances have been made in the methods of rainfall estimation and evaluation and validation to achieve the best method. In the last twenty years, there has been a lot of progress in rainfall estimation methods. This advancement is due to the possibility of using a lot of information from different parts of the world, better understanding of atmospheric phenomena, exchanges and atmospheric rotations, improving the performance of models, progress in various surveillance tools such as radar and satellite and computer power. The methods used to estimate precipitation, especially in the short term, have shortcomings and are generally based on numerical forecasting models or the use of empirical analyzes, which are usually not very accurate for multi-hour intervals, so the use of satellite data It has been recommended as a supplement to address this problem, and doing so could greatly help increase the accuracy of numerical models for rainfall estimates. Methodology The study used the physical properties of a cloud of five waves between 2011 and 2015. The data of the second generation of MSG meteorological satellite has good coverage on different regions of Iran. The satellite has 12 channels on the region and produces accurate products. Some of these products are in line with the physical properties of the cloud used in this study. These products are produced daily every 15 minutes and include cloud peak pressure (CTP), cloud peak temperature (CTT), cloud light depth (COT), thermodynamic cloud phase (CPH), and the volume of water in the cloud. Density (CWP) ‌ are the effective radius of cloud droplets (REFF) and cloud type (CT). Was obtained. The criterion for the accuracy of the calculations was the two MAE statistics Equation 1: Equation 2: Results and discussion In this study, TRMM satellite data was considered as control data. After receiving TRMM images in MATLAB software environment, programming was performed and precipitation data were extracted from NETCDF files. After extracting TRMM satellite data, Meteosat satellite products were prepared through the CMSAF database and their data were extracted using MATLAB software code. In the study of waves, the coefficient of determination in the GPR model was 0.72 in the experimental section and 0.77 in the training section. In the TD model, the determination coefficient is calculated in the experimental section 0.64 and in the training section 0.87. However, in the neural network model, the coefficient of determination is 0.68 in the experimental section and 0.72 in the training section. The results show a good relationship between the components studied. Investigating the Effects of Cloud Physical Properties: One of the methods for determining the effectiveness of each of the physical properties of the cloud in estimating rainfall is the sensitivity analysis method. After calculating the coefficient of determination and the error coefficient, the sensitivity of each of the physical properties in estimating the precipitation was performed by the method of calculating the sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis was calculated for all waves. Calculations show that the cloud type is most effective, followed by the effective radius of the cloud droplets and then the optical depth of the cloud in the second and third positions, respectively. Among the physical properties studied, the lowest effect is related to the cloud phase. To investigate the relationship between the physical characteristics of the cloud and the amount of precipitation, five waves of pervasive precipitation were selected between 2011 and 2015. Rainfall data from the region's stations were extracted. In order to validate the TRMM data, a comparison was made between the precipitation data of the selected stations and the precipitation of this satellite. Metoost satellite products were used to extract the physical properties of the cloud. After extracting the data, the physical properties of the cloud were matched to the time scale of the data and evaluated using TRMM satellite rain as a control. Conclusion The selection criteria were such that the waves lasted for at least two days and covered the entire area. On the day of the operation, the precipitation information of the meteorological stations of the region was obtained and also the precipitation information of TRMM satellite was extracted. In order to validate the data of TRMM satellite, the information of meteorological stations was compared with TRMM precipitation and obtained the necessary correlation. In order to get a better result, the matching of numbers was done in terms of time scale. In the next step, using the meteosat satellite products, the physical properties of the cloud were obtained for all waves. Data were extracted at all stages for each pixel. Then the data correlation matrix was performed with three models of GPR, TD and MLPBR, the results of which are given in Table One. Due to the use of different models as well as the study of 8 physical properties of the cloud, the results show a high relationship between the components of the study, so that the coefficient of determination in the GPR model for the experimental and training sections was 0.7 and 0.77, respectively. These coefficients for the TD model in the experimental and training sections are 0.64 and 0.87, respectively. In the artificial network model (MLPBR), the coefficients obtained in the experimental and training sections are 0.68 and 0.72, respectively. The numbers obtained indicate a relatively good relationship between the components. Sensitivity analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis results show that the cloud type feature has the greatest effect on precipitation and then the effective radius of cloud droplets and then cloud light depth are in the second and third positions, respectively. Among the physical properties studied, the lowest effect is related to the cloud phase.

Se presenta el nuevo producto de producción primaria bruta (GPP) de EUMETSAT derivado a partir de datos del satélite geoestacionario SEVIRI/MSG (MGPP LSA-411) y se evalúa su potencial para detectar zonas afectadas por estrés hídrico (hot spots). El producto GPP se basa en la aproximación de Monteith, que modela la GPP de la vegetación como el producto de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR) incidente, la fracción de PAR absorbida (fAPAR) y un factor de eficiencia de uso de la radiación (ε). El potencial del producto MGPP para detectar hot spots se evalúa, utilizando un periodo corto de tres años, a escala local y regional, comparando con datos in situ derivados de medidas en torres eddy covariance (EC) y con datos GPP derivados de satélite (producto de 8 días MOD17A2H.v6 a 500 m y producto de 10 días GDMP a 1 km). Los resultados preliminares sobre el uso del producto MGPP en la evaluación de la respuesta del ecosistema a posibles eventos de déficit de agua ponen de manifiesto que este producto, calculado íntegramente a partir de datos MSG (EUMETSAT), ofrece una alternativa prometedora para detectar y caracterizar zonas afectadas por sequía a través de la incorporación de un coeficiente de estrés hídrico.

The NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) AVHRR (Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer) orbital drift prevents the use of its derived land surface temperature (LST) data for global studies of temperature trends, especially for the 80s and 90s over land. In a previous study, we showed how orbital drift correction methods could be validated by simulating a reference and drifted time series from alternative MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) data, thanks to their high (15 min) temporal resolution. In this study, we show how these alternative data allow identifying orbital drift effects on different land covers, and how these effects could be mitigated with novel approaches. We also identify two key statistical parameters to assess orbital drift correction performance: the bias between corrected and drifted time series and the trend of their difference. We present two methods and compare their results with an alternative orbital drift correction, validated against in situ data by their authors. Considering an ideal case where the whole influence of the orbital drift is known, our novel approach allows for an almost complete removal of the orbital drift effect (zero bias and 0.05 K/yr difference trend). However, in real cases, when we have only access to the drifted time series, our approach’s performance decreases slightly, mainly through a larger spread of the retrieved statistics. As for the alternative correction method, its performance is poorer, even if it actually succeeds in removing part of the observed orbital drift. These results, as well as the new insights we provide on the orbital drift effect on LST, pave the way toward a reliable correction of NOAA AVHRR orbital drift. We therefore recommend the use of simulated LST time series such as the ones used in this study for the validation of orbital drift correction methods.

Sandstorm events are one of the major environmental hazards in the Arabian Peninsula. This study aims to investigate sandstorm events by applying MEDI (Middle East Dust Index) on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. For this, twenty sandstorm events over Saudi Arabia are selected. The resultant MEDI sandstorm events are verified by the data from ground-based meteorological stations, MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) satellite data, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) based on dark target-deep blue MODIS Terra product. Accuracy analysis of the method indicates that POFD (Probability Of False positive Detection), POCD (Probability Of Correct positive Detection), and MEDI accuracy for detecting sandstorm event over study area is 29 %, 92 %, and 73 % respectively. The outcomes of the research indicate that MEDI can effectively detect sandstorm events in the study area. It is envisaged that the current endeavor can be very beneficial for the environmentalists, climatologists, and policy makers in order to mitigate sandstorm related issues affecting the society in terms of health and economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]