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El estudio se enfoca en identificar la relevancia que tiene seleccionar y aplicar métodos didácticos que fomenten el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico en los estudiantes, debido a su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje y la adquisición de conocimientos, para ello se acudió a datos de investigaciones científicas que fueron realizadas en diferentes países, donde exponen en sus resultados que el pensamiento lógico infiere en la vida de las personas, no solo en el aspecto estudiantil, sino también en la cotidianidad, pues facilita la respuesta efectiva ante problemas de cualquier índole y la adquisición de la capacidad de razonamiento lógico, así como a la fundamentación de conocimientos matemáticos o de otras disciplinas. El objetivo del artículo estuvo orientado en determinar los beneficios de los métodos didácticos en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico, pues son aspectos transcendentes en la escolaridad de los niños y jóvenes; la metodología utilizada en el desarrollo del estudio fue histórico lógico y de carácter documental, la muestra fue no probabilística intencional. Al término del trabajo investigativo se concluyó que el pensamiento lógico es un tema de gran interés académico, tanto en la escolaridad como en la educación superior, ya que su desarrollo tiene como meta que los estudiantes identifiquen formas viables y útiles para representar diversos contenidos, ilustraciones, explicaciones y sean los protagonistas en la adquisición de habilidades intelectuales, para lo cual el docente debe aplicar métodos didácticos que se centren en este propósito. PALABRAS CLAVE: pensamiento lógico; método didáctico; razonamiento; docente. Didactic methods in the development of logical thinking ABSTRACT The study focuses on identifying the relevance of selecting and applying didactic methods that promote the development of logical thinking in students, due to its impact on the teaching-learning process and the acquisition of knowledge, for which data from Scientific investigations that were carried out in different countries, where they state in their results that logical thinking infers in people's lives, not only in the student aspect, but also in everyday life, as it facilitates the effective response to problems of any kind and the acquisition of the logical reasoning capacity, as well as the foundation of mathematical knowledge or of other disciplines. The objective of the article was oriented to determine the benefits of didactic methods in the development of logical thinking, since they are transcendent aspects in the schooling of children and young people; The methodology used in the development of the study was historical, logical and documentary, the sample was non-probabilistic intentional. At the end of the investigative work, it was concluded that logical thinking is a subject of great academic interest, both in schooling and in higher education, since its development aims for students to identify viable and useful ways to represent various contents, illustrations, explanations and be the protagonists in the acquisition of intellectual skills, for which the teacher must apply didactic methods that focus on this purpose. KEYWORDS: logical thinking; didactic method; reasoning; teacher.

Laccase is essential for the biodepolymerization of lignin, but the challenge is that the reaction mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The laccase (Lacc) inactivated mutant of Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 had a sharp decline in its ability to degrade lignin, which proved its indispensable role in lignin depolymerization. The purified Lacc from recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 and its mediator system (LMS) displayed significant lignin degradation capacities as well as remarkable thermotolerance and solvent resistance. The chemical oxygen demand removal rates of LMS for alkaline and milled wood lignin have reached 67.0% and 80.9%, respectively. Comprehensive analyses, including Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 2D-HSQC-NMR, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, unveiled that Lacc- and LMS-oxidized lignin include at least 10 or more catalytic reactions. Lacc can effectively degrade G-lignin even without a mediator, and the removal rate of G-lignin is higher than that of S-lignin. In addition, the supplementation of the mediator increased the removal rate of H-lignin by Lacc and the cleavage of interunit linkages such as β-O-4, β-5, β-β, 4-O-5, and 5-5. Moreover, we found that Lacc cannot polymerize some aromatic monomers into dimers or polymers, which is different from fungal and plant laccases. It is by far the most detailed study describing the reaction mechanism of lignin oxidation by bacterial laccase. These results provide new insights into the catalytic mechanism of bacterial laccase and lay the foundation for the application of laccase in lignin valorization.

La presente investigación tiene la finalidad de elaborar un modelo de Análisis de Sentimientos de un Banco de 250 instrumentos de recolección de Datos sobre Coronavirus, mismo que es guardado como referencia en el sitio web oficial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS. Para esto se ha empleado fundamentos de Minería de Textos mediante la plataforma Open Source de Minería de Datos, Orange, construyendo un modelo que analiza el Corpus de documentos y genera diagramas de distribución de sentimientos según la herramienta Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, VADER, y nube de palabras que ilustra el peso de las palabras según su frecuencia en el Corpus. Los resultados reflejan que las emociones Neutras son las que alcanzan valores más altos en todos los tipos de preguntas, las Negativas y Positivas guardan cierto patrón y alcanzan niveles medios en todos los tipos de preguntas, en tanto que las emociones Combinadas no tienen un patrón establecido, aunque son más frecuentes en preguntas relacionadas al Entorno, Conocimiento y Tratamiento de Salud de los posibles encuestados. Es de indicar que los tipos de preguntas son siete: Entorno, Exposición, Impacto, Conocimiento, Atención médica, Percepción y Miscelánea. PALABRAS CLAVE: Big Data; Minería de Datos; Orange; Minería de Textos; Coronavirus. MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FEELINGS OF THE SURVEY BANK WITH QUESTIONS ON WHO CORONAVIRUSES USING TEXT MINING PRINCIPLES ABSTRACT This is an academic paper, the purpose of which is to develop a Sentiment Analysis model of a Bank of 250 instruments for data collection on Coronavirus, which is kept as a reference on the official website of the World Health Organization, WHO . For this, Text Mining fundamentals have been used through the Open Source Data Mining platform, Orange, building a model that analyzes the Corpus of documents and generates diagrams of sentiment distribution according to the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner tool, VADER, and word cloud that illustrates the weight of words according to their frequency in Corpus. The results reflect that the Neutral emotions are those that reach higher values in all types of questions, the Negative and Positive ones maintain a certain pattern and reach medium levels in all types of questions, while the Combined emotions do not have an established pattern , although they are more frequent in questions related to the Environment, Knowledge and Treatment of Health of the possible respondents. It is to indicate that the types of questions are seven: Environment, Exposure, Impact, Knowledge, Medical attention, Perception and Miscellaneous. KEYWORDS: Big Data; Data Mining; Orange; Text Mining; Coronavirus.

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) promise revolutionary impacts in science and technology, including the areas of disease diagnosis, pharmacogenomics, and mitigating antibiotic resistance. An important way to analyze the increasingly abundant HTS data, is through the use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) callers. Considering a selection of popular HTS SNP calling procedures, it becomes clear that many rely mainly on base-calling and read mapping quality values. Thus there is a need to consider other sources of error when calling SNPs, such as those occurring during genomic sample preparation. Genotype Model Selection (GeMS), a novel method of consensus and SNP calling which accounts for genomic sample preparation errors, is thus given. Simulation studies demonstrate that GeMS has the best balance of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) among a selection of popular SNP callers. Real data analyses also support this conclusion.As an extension to the aforementioned single sample GeMS, the multiple sample Genotype Model Selection (multiGeMS) method is also given. A simulation study and a real data analysis demonstrate that multiGeMS has a good balance of sensitivity and PPV when compared to a selection of popular multiple sample SNP callers.

El desarrollo de los instrumentos financieros ha conllevado a la apertura de nuevos negocios en el sector financiero y en algunos sectores manufactureros del país, los cuales se ven atraídos en mayor medida por la posibilidad de cubrirse ante posibles cambios de los diferentes commodities, monedas y tasas de interés y, en una menor cuantía, por la posibilidad de poder especular aprovechando las volatilidades de los diversos índices y monedas con las que realizan operaciones; es por esto que el desarrollo de mercados donde se transen commodities agropecuarios serviría de motor para impulsar el desarrollo del sector rural, generando incentivos para la formalización de los productores, The development of financial instruments has led to the opening of new businesses in the financial sector and in some manufacturing sectors of the country, which are attracted to a greater extent by the possibility of hedging against possible changes in the different commodities, currencies and rates. of interest, and in a smaller amount because of the possibility of being able to speculate, taking advantage of the volatilities, various indices and currencies with which, they carry out operations; this is why the development of markets where agricultural commodities are traded, would serve as an engine to promote the development of the rural sector, generating incentives for the formalization of producers

Additional file 1. The tolerance of strain SP-35 cultrue for aromatic compounds.

this project I propose the representation of a series of circles playing with their concentric path, mobile irregular circles that incite a game of lights and shadows in which the viewer is invited to be direct participation, I intend to build a kinetic sculpture in wood with the techniques of cutting and gluing, adding a mechanical element. Moving away from the traditional work I propose the loss of the pedestal characteristic of the traditional work. As a main concept I have chosen the geometric abstraction since from my origins in sculpture I went back to the simplified forms, among them the most remarkable has been the sphere and the circle. For to me these geometric figures represent perfection, and this is a point that goes against me and that never sought perfection. And that contradiction of the imperfect circle seems to me to provoke a game that has many possibilities that drive between something perfect that is not perfect. As part of the game he got into the field of kinetic art in particular in the part of this art that treats viewer / observer as part of the play making him somehow co-author., En este proyecto presentamos la representación de una serie de círculos interactuando con su recorrido concéntrico, cuyos círculos irregulares móviles incitan a un juego de luces y sombras en el cual el espectador es invitado a ser participe directo. Pretendemos construir una escultura cinética en madera utilizando las técnicas de corte y encolado, añadiéndole un elemento mecánico. Alejándonos de la obra tradicional proponemos la pérdida del pedestal, la cual es característica de la obra tradicional. Como concepto principal hemos elegido la abstracción geométrica, debido a que desde mis orígenes en la escultura me he remontado a las formas más simplificadas, entre ellas, la más destacable ha sido la esfera y el círculo. Debido a que dichas figuras geométricas representan la perfección, cuyo concepto se contrapone a mi estilo, ya que no busco la perfección. Y esa contradicción del circulo imperfecto me parece que provoca un juego que tiene muchas posibilidades, esa pulsión entre algo perfecto que no es perfecto. Como parte del juego nos hemos metido en el campo del arte cinético, en concreto, en la parte del arte que trata al espectador/observador como parte de la obra, convirtiéndolo en cierto modo en co-autor.

Magíster en Ingeniería Civil Maestría