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Objective To analyze the trend of lung cancer death rate in China from 2006 to 2020 to provide reference for the prevention of lung cancer. Methods The data of Chinese lung cancer deaths from 2006 to 2020 were collected from the health statistical yearbook.The age-period-cohort model and intrinsic estimator algorithm were used to evaluate the age, period, and birth cohort effect of lung cancer deaths. Results The overall lung cancer mortality of Chinese residents showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2020.The age effect of lung cancer death risk increased with age, and the period effect continued to increase with age.The cohort effect showed that the lung cancer death risk of residents born after 1924 showed a downward trend. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of lung cancer in urban and rural residents aged 50 and above and the treatment of high-risk factors of lung cancer must be continuously strengthened.The period effect on lung cancer should be further explored, and the early intervention of young cohort should be given attention.

In modern political society, democracy remains a universal concept. However, different ideologies still have their own views on the concrete realization form of democracy. Nowadays, the understandings of the concept of democracy in the United States and its democratic values have become the mainstream of Western society, and their historical value and role should not be ignored. However, the practice of this democratic system has differed from true democracy and has gradually manifested political confusion. Firstly, this paper introduces the development of democracy and electoral system, and explains that the initial meaning of Western democracy is institutional democracy, namely procedural democracy, which is not the same as what we think of popular sovereignty today, and that the development course of Western democracy is also the expansion process of procedural justice. Then, constructivism theory is used to discuss the proceduralized process of substantive democracy and to explain the relationship between procedural justice and substantive democracy. Finally, through a specific analysis of the evolution and practice of the democratic electoral system in the United States, it concludes that the development of American democracy focuses only on expanding the scope of procedural democracy, but neglects the development of substantive democracy. For this reason, it explores the problems existing in American democracy.

Imaging hemodynamic responses to interictal spikes holds promise for presurgical epilepsy evaluations. Understanding the hemodynamic response function is crucial for accurate interpretation. Prior interictal neurovascular coupling data primarily come from anesthetized animals, impacting reliability. We simultaneously monitored calcium fluctuations in excitatory neurons, hemodynamics, and local field potentials (LFP) during bicuculline-induced interictal events in both isoflurane-anesthetized and awake mice. Isoflurane significantly affected LFP amplitude but had little impact on the amplitude and area of the calcium signal. Anesthesia also dramatically blunted the amplitude and latency of the hemodynamic response, although not its area of spread. Cerebral blood volume change provided the best spatial estimation of excitatory neuronal activity in both states. Targeted silencing of the thalamus in awake mice failed to recapitulate the impact of anesthesia on hemodynamic responses suggesting that isoflurane's interruption of the thalamocortical loop did not contribute either to the dissociation between the LFP and the calcium signal nor to the alterations in interictal neurovascular coupling. The blood volume increase associated with interictal spikes represents a promising mapping signal in both the awake and anesthetized states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the traditional anchor aided location algorithm is used to select the mobile beacon path in the sensor network, there is no analysis of the energy imbalance of nodes in non-dense conditions, the optimal network node cannot be selected, and the selection error of the optimal path of the beacon is larger. A path selection algorithm for mobile beacons in a sensor network under non-dense distribution is proposed. Using the mobile beacon based wireless sensor network location algorithm, the weighted centroid algorithm and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to obtain the accurate location results of the unknown nodes around the mobile beacon in the sensor network under non-dense distribution condition. The optimal node energy partition of the unknown node is obtained by the chaotic differential evolution method, and the optimal location of the optimal energy node in the wireless sensor network is calculated using the dynamic escape particle swarm optimization method, and the optimal beacon path is extracted. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the clustering performance of the optimal node in the wireless sensor network and has a better performance of dynamic node selection in wireless sensor network, and the convergence speed is faster and the operation time is shorter.

The study of the effect of pressure and temperature on the structural and mechanical properties of materials is very difficult for current experimental techniques. Here, we have synthesized the γ-Nb5Si3 compound with remarkable quality by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technology. The effects of high pressure and sintering temperature on its microstructure, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance are discussed. The Vickers hardness and density of the γ-Nb5Si3 sample at 5.5 GPa and 1100 °C are 8.67 GPa and 5.73 g/cm3, respectively. It is shown that the HPHT behavior not only improves sample's compactness and microstructure, but also makes γ-Nb5Si3 to have a strong response to the Vickers hardness and related density. These results effectively demonstrate the functions of the HPHT technology, which accurately express the Vickers hardness, density, and thermal stability of γ-Nb5Si3 compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]