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Objective: The current research investigated how relationships with grandparents were associated with young adults' trust levels. Background: To complement the grandmother hypothesis that explains the adaptiveness of human longevity from the perspective of instrumental contributions, a "grandparents' social capital hypothesis" was proposed, indicating that grandparents benefit social capital construction for their grandchildren, the effect of which could be symbolic for young adults. Older adults, who tend to have high levels of trust and the connections within extended family, could have positive impacts on young adults' trust. Method: Using convenience sampling, we surveyed 314 Chinese young adults on quality and quantity of their interactions with grandparents, kinship support, and their generalized trust and particularized trust toward relatives through trust games. Path analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Quality of the relationship with grandparents, rather than quantity of contact with them, was related to young adults' higher levels of particularized and generalized trust. Kinship support mediated the associations between high‐quality relationships with grandparents and young adults' particularized trust, as well as generalized trust. Conclusion: Grandparents could play a symbolic role in social capital accumulation for young adults through the mediation effect of kinship support. Implications: These findings provide new evidence supporting older adults' constructive role in human societies and shed light on possible strategies to cultivate social capital in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives In the last two decades, the number of intervention studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has grown enormously. Though some studies have shown positive influences on episodic memory among older adults, disagreement exists in the literature. Therefore, the current meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative assessment of the efficacy of tDCS in modulating episodic memory functions in older adults. Method Eligible studies were sham-controlled trials examining the effects of anodal tDCS on episodic memory in older adults. Twenty-four articles comprising 566 participants aged over 60 qualified for inclusion. Results Compared to the sham tDCS group, the active tDCS group showed significant memory improvements at both immediate poststimulation (Hedges' g = 0.625, p =.001) and long-term follow-up (Hedges' g = 0.404, p =.002). There were no differences in effect sizes between cognitively healthy and impaired older adults. Moderator analyses suggested that tDCS having a duration of 20 min or less, bilateral stimulation, or a larger stimulation area would produce greater benefits for episodic memory performance in older adults. Discussion These findings suggest that tDCS holds great promise to ameliorate memory decline in older individuals. In the future, well-designed randomized controlled trials are expected to verify the optimal stimulation protocols and determine the factors impacting the long-term effects of tDCS in enhancing episodic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel white-light-emission phosphors is of great importance for applications in lighting and display fields. Trivalent Dy3+ is widely used as a potential luminescence center for white-light emission. However, Dy3+-doped phosphors often suffer a poor yellow to blue ratio due to the deficiency of its 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 transition, low luminescence efficiency, and unsatisfactory thermal stability. The importance of the present research work is that we have achieved a tunable white light in a single phased stannate phosphor Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ with robust thermal stability. The crystal structure, phase purity, and chemical composition were investigated via X-ray diffraction Rietveld structure refinement, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The luminescence spectra indicated that Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ not only exhibited characteristic 4F9/2 → 6HJ/2 (J=11, 13, and 15) inherent transition emissions of Dy3+, but also showed an abnormal blue band emission, which was identified through X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy as the T1 → S0 transitions of Sn2+, resulting from the valence variation of Sn4+. The efficient energy transfer from Sn2+ to Dy3+ was also confirmed and the transfer efficiency was calculated. Owing to the valence-variation-induced emission of Sn2+, a tunable white light could be realized from a cool to warm white light region, with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates and a correlative color temperature varying from (0.277, 0.333) and 8634 K to (0.353, 0.404) and 4913 K, respectively. The luminescent and defects formation mechanism as well as the luminescence kinetics were further investigated. Moreover, Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ had a high quantum efficiency (∼34.6%) and a super-stable thermal stability behavior (82.5% at 240 °C of the initial integral emission intensity at 30 °C) with a large activation energy (ΔE ∼ 0.1654 eV). Finally, a charge-compensation test was performed to further verify the effect of defects on the luminescence property and the related mechanism was discussed. The current work provides a novel method to achieve tunable white-light emission in Dy3+ single-doped phosphors and the related mechanism is effectual for other rare earths for potential applications in lighting and display fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis" in a 2020 issue is presented.

The development of novel white-light-emission phosphors is of great importance for applications in lighting and display fields. Trivalent Dy3+ is widely used as a potential luminescence center for white-light emission. However, Dy3+-doped phosphors often suffer a poor yellow to blue ratio due to the deficiency of its 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 transition, low luminescence efficiency, and unsatisfactory thermal stability. The importance of the present research work is that we have achieved a tunable white light in a single phased stannate phosphor Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ with robust thermal stability. The crystal structure, phase purity, and chemical composition were investigated via X-ray diffraction Rietveld structure refinement, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The luminescence spectra indicated that Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ not only exhibited characteristic 4F9/2 → 6HJ/2 (J=11, 13, and 15) inherent transition emissions of Dy3+, but also showed an abnormal blue band emission, which was identified through X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy as the T1 → S0 transitions of Sn2+, resulting from the valence variation of Sn4+. The efficient energy transfer from Sn2+ to Dy3+ was also confirmed and the transfer efficiency was calculated. Owing to the valence-variation-induced emission of Sn2+, a tunable white light could be realized from a cool to warm white light region, with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates and a correlative color temperature varying from (0.277, 0.333) and 8634 K to (0.353, 0.404) and 4913 K, respectively. The luminescent and defects formation mechanism as well as the luminescence kinetics were further investigated. Moreover, Sr3Al10SnO20:Dy3+ had a high quantum efficiency (∼34.6%) and a super-stable thermal stability behavior (82.5% at 240 °C of the initial integral emission intensity at 30 °C) with a large activation energy (ΔE ∼ 0.1654 eV). Finally, a charge-compensation test was performed to further verify the effect of defects on the luminescence property and the related mechanism was discussed. The current work provides a novel method to achieve tunable white-light emission in Dy3+ single-doped phosphors and the related mechanism is effectual for other rare earths for potential applications in lighting and display fields.