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Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major global factor constraining peanut production. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Ca2+ are essential to improve stress resilience in peanuts growing under low-P conditions. This study therefore examined the detailed physiological effects of GABA-Ca on restoring peanut growth under low-P conditions. These included the root–shoot ratio, leaf nutrients, photochemical activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclic electron flow (CEF), ATP synthase activity, and the proton gradient (∆pH), all of which were measured under low-P (LP, 0.5 mM) and optimized-P (1 mM) conditions. Specifically, supplying GABA-Ca under LP conditions regulated the ∆pH by causing adjustments in CEF and ATP synthase activities, buffering the photosystems' activities, restoring the antioxidant enzyme system, and lowering ROS production. Interestingly, exogenous GABA-Ca restored peanut growth under low-P conditions, possibly by the putative signaling crosstalk between GABA and Ca2+. The plausible signal amplification between GABA and Ca2+ suggested that the combination of GABA and Ca, may offer an effective strategy for enhancing peanut adaptation to low-P conditions. Moving forward, the strategic supplementation of GABA-Ca, either during cultivation or through the formulation of novel fertilizers, opens up many possibilities for better and more resilient plant production in soils with low P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to prepare calcium chelate of low-molecular-weight tuna bone collagen peptides (TBCPLMW) with a high chelation rate and to identify its structural characteristics and stability. The optimum conditions for calcium chelation of TBCPLMW (TBCPLMW-Ca) were determined through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, and the calcium-chelating capacity reached over 90% under the optimal conditions. The amino acid compositions implied that Asp and Glu played important roles in the formation of TBCPLMW-Ca. Structural characterizations determined via spectroscopic analyses revealed that functional groups such as -COO−, N-H, C=O, and C-O were involved in forming TBCPLMW-Ca. The particle size distributions and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that folding and aggregation of peptides were found in the chelate. Stability studies showed that TBCPLMW-Ca was relatively stable under thermal processing and more pronounced changes have been observed in simulated gastric digestion, presumably the acidic environment was the main factor causing the dissociation of the TBCPLMW-Ca. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the preparation of a novel calcium supplement and is beneficial for comprehensive utilization of tuna bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor from the environment to cause skin photoaging. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, is a probiotic strain with a good track record for enhancing human health. The present study conducted the impacts of heat‐killed L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 (RL) on photoaging in vitro using mouse skin fibroblast (MSF) cells and human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) exposed to UVB. The results showed that (1) RL‐protected UVB‐induced cytotoxicity relating to absorb UVB and reduce DNA damage. (2) RL exerted the antiwrinkle impact involved in two aspects. Firstly, RL downregulated MMP‐1, 2, 3 expressions associating with MAPK signaling, resulting in the increased the protein expression of COL1A1, further booting type I collagen abundant thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. Secondly, RL reduced ROS content, further decreasing oxidative damage relating to Nrf2/Sirt3/SOD2 signaling, thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. (3) RL suppressed tyrosinase and TYRP‐2 activity and/or levels associating with PKA/CREB/MITF signaling, thereby promoting antimelanogenesis impact in HEM cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RL could reduce photoaging caused by UVB via antiwrinkle and antimelanogenesis properties and may be a potential antiphotoaging beneficial component, which is applied in the cosmetic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic-molecule insertion into MoS2 is becoming a research hotspot owing to the expanded interlayer spacing and improved electrochemical energy storage. Up to now, the effect of organic molecules with different configurations on capacitive energy storage has not been clarified. Herein, we have innovatively selected two types of organic molecules to insert into MoS2, whose configurations are linear long-chain (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and tetrahedral symmetrical branched-chain (tetrabutylammonium bromide, TBAB). The interlayer spacing extends from 6.3 Å to 9.8 Å and 10.3 Å after TBAB and CTAB intercalation, respectively. Additionally, the insertion of organic molecules not only increases the content of high-valent Mo (Mo5+, Mo6+), but also introduces pyrrolic N, pyridinic N and N+, which are beneficial for capacitive energy storage. Interestingly, the linear long-chain CTAB causes MoS2 to present a broken shell hollow sphere, which can provide more channels and space for ion storage. More importantly, the migration barrier energy of Na ions between MoS2 layers and CTAB molecules is 1.01 eV, which is significantly lower than that of Na ions between MoS2 and TBAB (1.85 eV), indicating that linear organic molecules are more appropriate for ion-diffusion kinetics. This work provides a prototype for studying the effect of the organic molecular configuration on the capacitive energy storage of intercalated MoS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]