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Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment offers a promising avenue for manure valorization. However, there is a lack of larval density studies and ton-scale exploration in swine manure bioconversion. This study delves into the efficiency of larval fatty acid (FA) bioconversion, examining the impact of larval density on a kilogram scale and extending the analysis to a ton scale. Across a range of 50 to 600 larvae/kg, the larval FA content decreased from 15.3% to 7.85%. The peak larval FA yield, at 3.04% (based on manure dry matter), occurred at a density of 200 larvae/kg. Both low (50 larvae/kg) and high (600 larvae/kg) densities adversely affected BSFL bioconversion performance. Dominant larval FAs included C12:0 (39.7%), C16:1 (24.2%), C18:1 (17.5%), and C16:0 (8.3%). The scaling-up process maintained a consistent larval FA content and composition but resulted in decreased larvae FA yield due to increased larval mortality. Ultimately, each ton of swine manure yielded 12.4 kg of fresh larvae or 0.71 kg of larval FA components, corresponding to a 1.14% larval FA yield. This study underscores the feasibility of upscaling swine manure treatment using BSFL for FA bioconversion and emphasizes the necessity for large-scale studies to enhance larval survivorship and bioconversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to explore the method that uses primary tumor contralateral facial artery musculocutaneous (FAMM) flap to reconstruct defects of the tongue and floor of mouth. Methods Six cases were selected for the use of primary tumor contralateral FAMM flap to reconstruct tongue and floor of mouth defects after tumor resection. Results The FAMM flap of the six cases had a long pedicle that could reach the contralateral tongue and floor of mouth. All flaps were intact until post-operation. All patients experienced post-operation complications, such as temporary facial tension and limited mouth opening, which improved after 3 months. Half a year later, the flaps still did not show signs of shrinking. Conclusion Features of the primary tumor contralateral FAMM flap include the tissue-like material provided for reconstructing tongue or floor of mouth defects, easy acquisition, and high survival rate with minimal donor site morbidity. As such, it is an ideal material for repairing tongue and floor of mouth defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic embryogenesis (SE), like zygotic embryo development, is a progressive process. Early SE is the beginning of a switch from a somatic to an embryogenic state and is an important stage for initiating chromatin reprogramming of SE. Previous studies suggest that changes in chromatin accessibility occur during early SE, although information on the 3D structure of chromatin is not yet available. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of longan (Dimocarpus longan) using PacBio combined with high-through chromosome conformation capture scaffolding, which resulted in a 446 Mb genome assembly anchored onto 15 scaffolds. During early SE, chromatin was concentrated and then decondensed, and a large number of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) were enriched in the local chromatin interaction region, suggesting LTR-RTs were involved in chromatin reorganization. Early SE was accompanied by the transformation from A to B compartments, and the interactions between B compartments were enhanced. Results from chromatin accessibility, monomethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me1) modification, and transcription analyses further revealed a gene regulatory network for cell wall thickening during SE. Particularly, we found that the H3K4me1 differential peak binding motif showed abnormal activation of ethylene response factor transcription factors and participation in SE. The chromosome-level genomic and multiomics analyses revealed the 3D conformation of chromatin during early SE, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall thickening and the potential regulatory networks of TFs during early SE in D. longan. These results provide additional clues for revealing the molecular mechanisms of plant SE., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared., (© American Society of Plant Biologists 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To analyze the correlation between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and precancerous lesions and cervical cancer., Methods: Patients with cervicitis (N=100), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CIN I) (N=100), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II-III (CIN II-III) (N=100) and cervical cancer (N=100) were enrolled. The exfoliated cervical cells were collected with the same method, and the detection of the HPV types was carried out by PCR-reverse dot blot (RDB) assay., Results: The top 5 HPV types in stage I-II cervical cancer were 16, 18, 52, 58, and 53, with a HPV positivity rate of 83.61%, while top 5 HPV types in stage III-IV cervical cancer were 16, 18, 58, 52, and 33, with a HPV positivity rate of 82.05%. The rate of high-risk HPV positivity for cervicitis was 5%, with HPV types of 16, 18, 52, and 33, 12% for CIN I, with HPV types of 16, 58, 52, 33, 56, 66, and 68, and 42% for CIN II-III, with HPV types of 16, 18, 58, 52, 33, 66, and 68. The prevalence of single, dual, and multiple HPV infection was 8.00%, 1.00%, and 0.00% for CIN I, 24.00%, 7.00%, and 1.00% for CIN II-III, and 57.00%, 25.00%, and 3.00% for cervical cancer, respectively. The age of patients with CIN I was mainly ≤24 and 25-34 years while CIN II-III in 25-34 and 35-44 years, and cervical cancer in 35-44 and 45-54 years., Conclusion: The distribution of HPV subtypes in cervical cancer is closely related to the pathological types, lesion grades, and stages of cervical cancer. The incidence of cervical lesions varies with age, suggesting that high-risk groups should be well monitored and receive regular screening and timely HPV vaccination to effectively prevent cervical cancer., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

Objective: This study aims to explore the method that uses primary tumor contralateral facial artery musculocutaneous (FAMM) flap to reconstruct defects of the tongue and floor of mouth., Methods: Six cases were selected for the use of primary tumor contralateral FAMM flap to reconstruct tongue and floor of mouth defects after tumor resection., Results: The FAMM flap of the six cases had a long pedicle that could reach the contralateral tongue and floor of mouth. All flaps were intact until post-operation. All patients experienced post-operation complications, such as temporary facial tension and limited mouth opening, which improved after 3 months. Half a year later, the flaps still did not show signs of shrinking., Conclusion: Features of the primary tumor contralateral FAMM flap include the tissue-like material provided for reconstructing tongue or floor of mouth defects, easy acquisition, and high survival rate with minimal donor site morbidity. As such, it is an ideal material for repairing tongue and floor of mouth defects.