Search

COMplete AMMonia OXidizer (comammox) refers to microorganisms that have the function of oxidizing NH 4 + to NO 3 − alone. The discovery of comammox overturned the two-step theory of nitrification in the past century and triggered many important scientific questions about the nitrogen cycle in nature. This comprehensive review delves into the origin and discovery of comammox, providing a detailed account of its detection primers, clades metabolic variations, and environmental factors. An in-depth analysis of the ecological niche differentiation among ammonia oxidizers was also discussed. The intricate role of comammox in anammox systems and the relationship between comammox and nitrogen compound emissions are also discussed. Finally, the relationship between comammox and anammox is displayed, and the future research direction of comammox is prospected. This review reveals the metabolic characteristics and distribution patterns of comammox in ecosystems, providing new perspectives for understanding nitrogen cycling and microbial ecology. Additionally, it offers insights into the potential application value and prospects of comammox. [Display omitted] • Unraveling the mysteries of comammox: from discovery to ecological significance. • The environmental factors and influencing mechanisms were summarized. • Comammox thriving mostly in freshwater ecosystems. • Is comammox a green engineering process worth further evaluation. • Future focus: evaluating actual contribution and conducting engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The dynamic recrystallization behavior in 42CrMo steel was investigated by hot compression tests. The effects of deformation temperature, strain rate, and initial austenite grain size on the dynamic recrystallization behavior were discussed. Based on the experimental results, the kinetic equations for the dynamic recrystallization behavior of 42CrMo steel were proposed. Results indicate that the effects of the deformation temperature, strain rate and initial austenitic grain size on the dynamic recrystallization behavior in 42CrMo are significant. The dynamic recrystallization in 42CrMo steel easily occurs at high deformation temperature, low strain rate and fine initial austenitic grain. A good agreement between the experimental and predicted results shows that the proposed kinetic equations can give an accurate estimate of the dynamic recrystallization behavior in hot deformed 42CrMo steel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The high-temperature creep behavior of Al–Cu–Mg alloy was studied by the constant-stress uniaxial tensile creep experiments under the temperatures of 473K, 503K and 533K. Constitutive models for describing the high-temperature creep behavior of Al–Cu–Mg were established based on the θ projection method. The material parameters of the established constitutive models are associated with applied creep stress and temperature. Results show that a good agreement between the experimental and predicted results is obtained, which confirms that the established creep constitutive models can give an accurate and precise estimate of the high-temperature creep behavior for the studied Al–Cu–Mg alloy. Additionally, the specimens at 533K failed by the intergranular creep fracture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Foodborne protein hydrolysates exhibit biological activity that may be therapeutic in a number of human disease settings. Hemp peptides (HP) generated by controlled hydrolysis of hemp proteins have a number of health benefits and are of pharmaceutical value. In the present study, we produce small molecular weight HP from hemp seed and investigate its anticancer properties in Hep3B human liver cancer cells. We demonstrate that HP treatment increased apoptosis, reduced cell viability, and reduced cell migration in Hep3B human liver cancer cells without affecting the normal liver cell line L02. We correlate these phenotypes with increased cellular ROS levels, upregulation of cleaved caspase 3 and Bad, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. HP treatment led to increased Akt and GSK‐3β phosphorylation, with subsequent downregulation of β‐catenin, suggesting β‐catenin signaling modulation as a critical mechanism by which HP exhibits anticancer properties. Our findings suggest HP are of potential therapeutic interest for liver cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the core mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in the regulation of multidrug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods mRNA levels of GAS5, miR-181c-5p and Hippo pathway related genes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein levels of MDR-1, MST1, YAP and TAZ were measured by western blot. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The combination between GAS5 and miR-181c-5p was confirmed by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. We also established pancreatic cancer-bearing mice model and analyzed tumor volumes. Results Our data showed GAS5 expression was significantly down-regulated, miR-181c-5p expression was significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cells. Besides, Overexpresson of GAS5 obviously inhibited cell viability, while GAS5 knockdown showed the opposite outcome. Additionally, we also found that GAS5 negatively regulated miR-181c-5p, and miR-181c-5p dramatically promoted pancreatic cancer cell chemoresistance through inactivating the Hippo signaling. GAS5 regulated chemoresistance and Hippo pathway of pancreatic cancer cells via miR-181c-5p/Hippo. Finally, we confirmed that overexpression of GAS5 inhibited tumor growth in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice model. Conclusion GAS5 regualtes Hippo signaling pathway via miR-181c-5p to antagonize the development of multidrug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]