Search

Among the three nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) paralogs, NM 2A and 2B, but not 2C, are detected in endothelial cells. To study the role of NM2 in vascular formation, we ablate NM2 in endothelial cells in mice. Ablating NM2A, but not NM2B, results in reduced blood vessel coverage and increased vascular branching in the developing mouse skin and coronary vasculature. NM2B becomes essential for vascular formation when NM2A expression is limited. Mice ablated for NM2B and one allele of NM2A develop vascular abnormalities similar to those in NM2A ablated mice. Using the embryoid body angiogenic sprouting assay in collagen gels reveals that NM2A is required for persistent angiogenic sprouting by stabilizing the endothelial cell cortex, and thereby preventing excessive branching and ensuring persistent migration of the endothelial sprouts. Mechanistically, NM2 promotes focal adhesion formation and cortical protrusion retraction during angiogenic sprouting. Further studies demonstrate the critical role of Rho kinase-activated NM2 signaling in the regulation of angiogenic sprouting in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: To explore the expression levels and survival prediction of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and MYC gene in pan-cancer. Methods: The clinic data and RNA-seq data from 31 types of cancer tissues totaling 10 016 cases were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, among which 23 types of cancer with adjacent tissues as normal controls. Student t-tests were used to analyze the significant differences of PVT1 or MYC gene expression levels between cancer tissues and corresponding normal controls. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the expression correlation between PVT1 and MYC in 31 types of cancer. The relationship between PVT1 or MYC expression and overall survival of 31 types of cancer patients was depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: =PVT1 expression was highly expressed in 19 types of cancer(P0, P

The FK506 Binding Protein (FKBP), ubiquitously present across diverse species, is characterized by its evolutionarily conserved FK506 binding domain (FKBd). In plants, evidence suggests that this gene family plays integral roles in regulating growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. Notably, research on the identification and functionality of FKBP genes in rice remains limited. Therefore, this study utilized bioinformatic tools to identify 30 FKBP-encoding genes in rice. It provides a detailed analysis of their chromosomal locations, evolutionary relationships with the Arabidopsis thaliana FKBP family, and gene structures. Further analysis of the promoter elements of these rice FKBP genes revealed a high presence of stress-responsive elements. Quantitative PCR assays under drought and heat stress conditions demonstrated that genes OsFKBP15-2, OsFKBP15-3, OsFKBP16-3, OsFKBP18, and OsFKBP42b are inducible by these adverse conditions. These findings suggest a significant role for the rice FKBP gene family in stress adaptation. This research establishes a critical foundation for deeper explorations of the functional roles of the OsFKBP genes in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fusion of two distinct prominences into one continuous structure is common during development and typically requires integration of two epithelia and subsequent removal of that intervening epithelium. Using confocal live imaging, we directly observed the cellular processes underlying tissue fusion, using the secondary palatal shelves as a model. We find that convergence of a multi-layered epithelium into a single-layer epithelium is an essential early step, driven by cell intercalation, and is concurrent to orthogonal cell displacement and epithelial cell extrusion. Functional studies in mice indicate that this process requires an actomyosin contractility pathway involving Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), culminating in the activation of non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA). Together, these data indicate that actomyosin contractility drives cell intercalation and cell extrusion during palate fusion and suggest a general mechanism for tissue fusion in development.

HONO is an important precursor for OH radicals that impact secondary-pollutant production. However, there are still large uncertainties about different HONO sources which hinder accurate predictions of HONO concentration and hence atmospheric oxidation capacity. Here HONO was measured during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign (EXPeriment on the eLucidation of the atmospheric Oxidation capacity and aerosol foRmation and their Effects in the Yangtze River Delta), along with other important parameters, enabling us to comprehensively investigate HONO variation characteristics and evaluate the relative importance of different HONO sources by using a box model. HONO showed significant variations, ranging from several tens of parts per thousand to 4.4 ppb. The average diurnal pattern of HONO / NO x showed a maximum of 0.17 around noon and resembled that of j(O1D), indicating the existence of photo-induced sources. Modeling simulations with only the default HONO source (OH + NO) largely underestimated HONO concentrations, with the modeled-averaged noontime HONO concentration an order of magnitude lower than the observed concentration. The calculated strength of the unknown HONO source (Punknown) showed a nearly symmetrical diurnal profile with a maximum of 2.5 ppb h -1 around noon. The correlation analysis and sensitivity tests showed that the photo-induced NO 2 conversion on the ground was able to explain Punknown. Additional HONO sources incorporated into the box model improved the model's performance in simulating HONO concentrations. The revised box model reproduced the nighttime HONO concentration well but still underestimated the daytime HONO concentration. Further sensitivity tests indicated the underestimation of daytime HONO was not due to uncertainties of photo-induced NO 2 uptake coefficients on the ground or aerosol surfaces or the enhancement factor of nitrate photolysis but was more likely due to other sources that were not considered in the model. Among the incorporated HONO sources and the default gas-phase source, photo-induced NO 2 conversion on the ground dominated the modeled HONO production during the daytime, accounting for 71 % of the total, followed by NO + OH, NO 2 hydrolysis on the ground surface, vehicle emissions, photo-induced NO 2 conversion on the aerosol surface, nitrate photolysis and NO 2 hydrolysis on the aerosol surface. NO 2 hydrolysis on the ground surface was the major source of nighttime HONO, contributing 55 % of total HONO production. HONO photolysis contributed 43 % of RO x production during the daytime, followed by O 3 photolysis (17 %), HCHO photolysis (14 %), ozonolysis of alkenes (12 %) and carbonyl photolysis (10 %). With observed HONO as a model constraint, the average peak of net ozone production rate increased by 88 % to 12.6 ppb h -1 compared to that without observed HONO as a model constraint, indicating HONO evidently enhanced O 3 production and hence aggravated O 3 pollution in summer seasons. Our study emphasized the importance of heterogeneous NO 2 conversion on the ground surface in HONO production and accurate parameterization of HONO sources in predicting secondary-pollutant production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]