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Lipid metabolism disorders lead to lipotoxicity. The hyperlipidemia-induced early stage of renal injury mainly manifests as podocyte damage. CD36 mediates fatty acid uptake and the subsequent accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites, resulting in podocyte lipotoxicity.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of prickly ash seeds (PAS) on the microbial community found in rumen microbes of Hu sheep by adding different percentages of prickly ash seeds and to carry out research on the relation between rumen flora and production performance. Twenty-seven male lambs of Hu sheep were classified into three groups based on the content of prickly ash seeds (PAS) fed for 90 days, i.e., 0%, 3%, and 6%. At the end of the feeding trial, rumen fluid samples were collected from six sheep in each group for 16S amplicon sequencing. The results showed that the addition of prickly ash seeds significantly increased both Chao1 and ACE indices ( P < 0.05), and the differences between groups were greater than those within groups. The relative content of Bacteriodota decreased, and the relative content of Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota , and Euryarchaeota increased. The relative content of Papillibacter and Saccharofermentans was increased at the genus level, and the relative content of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus was decreased. The test group given 3% of prickly ash seeds was superior to the test group given 6% of prickly ash seeds. In addition, the addition of 3% of prickly ash seeds improved the metabolism or immunity of sheep. Fusobacteriota and Acidobacteriota were positively correlated with total weight, dressing percentage, and average daily gain (ADG) and negatively correlated with average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed-to-gain ratio (F/G), and lightness (L * ). Methanobrevibacter and Saccharofermentans were positively correlated with ADG and negatively correlated with ADFI and L * . In conclusion, under the present experimental conditions, the addition of prickly ash seeds increased the abundance and diversity of rumen microorganisms in Hu sheep and changed the relative abundance of some genera. However, the addition of 6% prickly ash seeds may negatively affect the digestive and immune functions in sheep rumen., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Li, Ma, Wang, Wang, Wang, Liu, Li and Ma.)

We demonstrate an optical method to directly determine full-field stress by combining a data-driven method with digital image correlation (DIC) strain data. In order to obtain the full-field stress distribution, the full-field strain measured by 2D-DIC and an isotropic ideal elastoplastic material stress-strain dataset are used. The proposed data-driven full-field stress measurement method determines the full-field stress components by performing iterative calculations using the dataset and a distance-functional-based data-driven algorithm without assuming any constitutive equations. The proposed method is implemented in an experiment-in-loop simulation and a practical application. The stress fields of uniaxial tensile and compact tensile processes are determined by the developed algorithm. The results show that the proposed data-driven method can obtain accurate full-field stress using an already established material stress-strain dataset. Furthermore, the proposed method satisfies the equilibrium and compatibility constraints and therefore allows the correction of erroneous strain results from DIC calculations, resulting in more accurately calculated full-field strain and stress values.