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PURPOSE: To compare image quality, iodine intake, and radiation dose in overweight and obese patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) enhancement using different scanning modes and contrast medium. METHODS: Ninety overweight and obese patients (25 kg/m2≤body mass index (BMI)< 30 kg/m2 and BMI≥30 kg/m2) who underwent abdominal CT-enhanced examinations were randomized into three groups (A, B, and C) of 30 each and scanned using gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) +320 mgI/ml, 100 kVp + 370 mgI/ml, and 120 kVp + 370 mgI/ml, respectively. Reconstruct monochromatic energy images of group A at 50–70 keV (5 keV interval). The iodine intake and radiation dose of each group were recorded and calculated. The CT values, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and subjective scores of each subgroup image in group A versus images in groups B and C were by using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis H test, and the optimal keV of group A was selected. RESULTS: The dual-phase CT values and CNRs of each part in group A were higher than or similar to those in groups B and C at 50–60 keV, and similar to or lower than those in groups B and C at 65 keV and 70 keV. The subjective scores of the dual-phase images in group A were lower than those of groups B and C at 50 keV and 55 keV, whereas no significant difference was seen at 60–70 keV. Compared to groups B and C, the iodine intake in group A decreased by 12.5% and 13.3%, respectively. The effective doses in groups A and B were 24.7% and 25.8% lower than those in group C, respectively. CONCLUSION: GSI +320 mgI/ml for abdominal CT-enhanced in overweight patients satisfies image quality while reducing iodine intake and radiation dose, and the optimal keV was 60 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical data are limited in patients with vitiligo with or without autoimmune thyroid disease. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical features and basic data of patients with vitiligo, especially those with autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods: The study was a single‐center retrospective study. A total of 1305 patients with vitiligo from June 2018 to May 2023 were included, and the clinical characteristics and basic information of the patients were recorded in detail. Results: We identified an association between sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.380; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.772–1.198), vitiligo duration (OR: 1.449; 95% CI: 1.076–1.952), skin involvement exceeding 5% of the body surface area (OR: 3.764; 95% CI: 2.134–6.640), negative emotions (OR: 3.076; 95% CI: 2.292–4.127), vitiligo type (OR: 1.974; 95% CI: 1.096–3.555), family history of AITD (OR: 4.979; 95% CI: 2.687–9.225), and family history of AD (OR: 2.418; 95% CI: 1.410–4.146) and patients with vitiligo. Conclusions: For patients with statistically significant associated risk factors, differential diagnosis and early intervention should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calf diarrhea is one of the main diseases affecting the growth and development of calves. Factors that cause diarrhea in calves include bacterial, viral, parasitic, and non-infectious factors. Bacterial diarrhea is one of the common causes of diarrhea in calves, and its mechanism is mainly due to the proliferation of bacteria after entering the intestine, destroying the balance of intestinal flora, and then causing serious damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier of calves. Chinese herbal medicine has the effect of regulating the intestinal flora, enhancing immune function, and reducing the diarrhea rate of calves. This article reviews the etiology of calf diarrhea and the research progress of Chinese herbal medicine treatment, so as to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of calf diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large yellow croaker is highly perishable during storage because of high protein and moisture content. The degradation of the fish is mainly attributed to microbial growth and enzyme activity, so it is important to find an efficient storage method to extend its shelf life. Methodology: This study investigated the effect of a low‐voltage electrostatic field combined with partial freezing treatment on the physicochemical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) and metabolomic analysis of large yellow croaker during preservation. The samples in chilled storage (C), partial freezing storage (PF) and 6 kV/m low‐voltage electrostatic field partial freezing storage (LVEF‐PF) were analyzed during an 18 day storage period. Results: In comparison with the C and PF groups, LVEF‐PF delayed the oxidation of MP by inhibiting the formation of carbonyl groups (2.25 nmol/mg pro), and maintaining higher sulfhydryl content (29.73 nmol/mg pro). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also demonstrated that the LVEF‐PF treatment maintained the stability of the protein structure by increasing the a‐helix ratio (19.88%) and reducing the random coil ratio (17.83%). Scanning electron microscopy showed that, compared with the LVEF‐PF group, there was more degeneration and aggregation of MP in the C and PF groups after 18 days' storage. The results of untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that 415 kinds of differential metabolites were identified after storage, and the difference levels of differential metabolites were least between the samples treated with LVEF‐PF stored on the ninth day and the fresh samples. The main differential metabolic pathways during storage were amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: The LVEF‐PF treatment could maintain the stability of myofibrillar protein in large yellow croaker during storage. These results showed a potential application of the LVEF‐PF method for aquatic product preservation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of applying computed tomography (CT) radiomics based on different CT-enhanced phases to determine the immunotherapeutic efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: 106 patients with NSCLC who underwent immunotherapy are randomly divided into training (74) and validation (32) groups. CT-enhanced arterial and venous phase images of patients before treatment are collected. Region-of-interest (ROI) is segmented on the CT-enhanced images, and the radiomic features are extracted. One-way analysis of variance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are used to screen the optimal radiomics features and analyze the association between radiomics features and immunotherapy efficacy. The area under receiver-operated characteristic curves (AUC) along with the sensitivity and specificity are computed to evaluate diagnostic effectiveness. RESULTS: LASSO regression analysis screens and selects 6 and 8 optimal features in the arterial and venous phases images, respectively. Applying to the training group, AUCs based on CT-enhanced arterial and venous phase images are 0.867 (95% CI:0.82–0.94) and 0.880 (95% CI:0.86–0.91) with the sensitivities of 73.91% and 76.19%, and specificities of 66.67% and 72.19%, respectively, while in validation group, AUCs of the arterial and venous phase images are 0.732 (95% CI:0.71–0.78) and 0.832 (95% CI:0.78–0.91) with sensitivities of 75.00% and 76.00%, and specificities of 73.07% and 75.00%, respectively. There are no significant differences between AUC values computed from arterial phases and venous phases images in both training and validation groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The optimally selected radiomics features computed from CT-enhanced different-phase images can provide new imaging marks to evaluate efficacy of the targeted therapy in NSCLC with a high diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although previous studies have reported an association between multimorbidity and frailty, its direction and mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the direction of this association, as well as the role of depression among older Europeans. Methods We used a cross-lagged panel design to evaluate the temporal relationship between multimorbidity and frailty and the role of depression. Multimorbidity status was assessed by the self-reporting of 14 chronic diseases. Frailty was assessed based on the frailty phenotype. The European-Depression Scale (EURO-D) was used to assess depression. Results There was a bidirectional relationship between frailty and multimorbidity. More severe multimorbidity predicted greater frailty (β = 0.159; p  < .001) and vice versa (β = 0.107; p  < .001). All paths from multimorbidity to frailty were stronger than the paths from frailty to multimorbidity (b1–a1: β = 0.051; p  < .001). Likewise, early multimorbidity change was a significant predictive factor for late frailty change (β = 0.064; p  < .001) and vice versa (β = 0.048; p  < .001). Depression in Wave 5 (T5) mediated the association between frailty in Wave 4 (T4) and multimorbidity in Wave 6 (T6; indirect effect: β = 0.004; bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 0.003, 0.006). Conclusions A positive, bidirectional association was observed between multimorbidity and frailty. Depression may be a potential cause of an increased risk of multimorbidity later in life in frail older adults. Early monitoring of frailty and depression may slow the progression of multimorbidity, thereby interrupting the vicious cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-order harmonic generation from H 2 + has been theoretically investigated by numerically solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. A sharp minimum can be seen in the harmonic spectrum for larger internuclear distance. Moreover, the electron transition process between the ground state and the first excited state competes with the ionization process at larger internuclear distance, which is the main reason of the spectral minimum. By superposing the static electric field and adjusting the orientation angle , it is further proved that the electron transition frequency between two lowest electronic states can be decoded by the minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalysts with high catalytic activity and good stability are desirable in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. Herein, Pt concave nanocubes with high-index facets (HIFs) supported by carbon black (Pt CNC/CB) are prepared through a hydrothermal method. The experimental results demonstrate that the peak current densities in different potential regions on the Pt CNC/CB anode are 0.22, 0.20, and 0.60 mA cm−2. The catalytic process of the glucose oxidation reaction is investigated in electrolytes with different pH values. Better stability is achieved by Pt CNC/CB than by Pt concave nanocubes (Pt CNCs). Abundant surface defects with low-coordinated atom numbers, such as steps, kinks, and edges, served as active sites in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. With the addition of carbon black, the catalytic activity can be improved by facilitating the full exposure of the active surface defects on the HIFs of the Pt CNCs. Moreover, to address the aggregation of Pt CNCs, caused by the high surface energy of HIFs, the introduction of carbon material is an effective way to preserve the HIFs and thus enhance the stability of the catalyst. Hence, the prepared Pt CNC/CB electrocatalyst has great potential to be applied in the electrooxidation of glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning growth of the new energy vehicles and aviation industry has escalated the need for energy storage capacitors capable of stable operation in harsh environments. The advent of metal-polyimide complexes has illuminated a novel approach for preparing temperature-resistant capacitors. However, the general application of these metal-polyimide complexes is impeded by the high dielectric loss and low breakdown strength, consequences of main-chain coordination and excessive metal ions content. Herein, our study proposes a novel polyimide-Cu complex material (POP-Cu) predicated on side-chain-type pyridine-Cu coordination, utilizing the structural backbone PMDA-ODA of mature commercial PI (Kapton) with reliable performance. Owing to the high degree of freedom afforded by the side chain with suppressed relaxation activation energy and the long-range electron delocalization formed by d-π coordination, the dielectric constant of this material containing merely 2.7 mol% Cu increases from 3.25 (POPI) to 5.58, while maintaining a remarkably low dielectric loss of 0.0066. Meanwhile, this material exhibits a substantial DC breakdown strength of 436.2 MV·m−1 and a high energy density of 5.42 J·cm−3, coupled with superior mechanical and thermal properties. Even at 150 °C, it retains over 90% of its room-temperature energy density, demonstrating notable dielectric stability under high temperatures. These attributes underscore its promising application for capacitors operating in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undercooked or raw meat containing cyst-stage bradyzoites and oocyst-contaminated pets are presumed to constitute a major source of human toxoplasmosis. As the geospatial epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in livestock, pets, and humans is rarely studied in China, we undertook a geospatial analysis using GIS visualization techniques. The present study retrieved information from the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Baidu Scholar databases from 1984 up to 2020. All the data about the seroprevalence of T. gondii in livestock (sheep and goats, pigs, cattle and yaks), pets (cats, dogs), and humans in China were collected. Geospatial epidemiology of T. gondii infection in these hosts was performed using GIS. Results revealed that the estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii was ranged from 3.98 to 43.02% in sheep and goats in China, 0.75 to 30.34% in cattle and yaks, 10.45 to 66.47% in pigs, 2.50 to 60.00% in cats, 0.56 to 27.65% in dogs, and 0.72 to 23.41% in humans. The higher seroprevalences of T. gondii were observed in sheep and goats in the districts of Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Beijing. The infection rates of T. gondii in cattle and yaks were higher in Guizhou, Zhejiang, and Chongqing. Also, the pigs from Chongqing and Guizhou were most severely infected with T. gondii. For cats, the districts of Shanxi, Hebei, and Yunnan had higher seroprevalences of T. gondii and, the infections among dogs were higher in Yunnan and Hebei as well. Furthermore, higher infection pressure of T. gondii exists in the districts of Taiwan and Tibet in humans. The geographical and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis indicated that infection with T. gondii was widely spread in China, with a wide range of variations among the different hosts and regions in the country. Our results suggested that livestock and pets are not only a reservoir for the parasite but also a direct source of T. gondii infection for humans. It is important to control T. gondii infections in these animals that would reduce the risk of toxoplasmosis in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing efforts are being invested in investigating various molecular approaches to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and predict disease recurrence. In our study, we investigated the utility of parallel longitudinal analysis of mutation and DNA methylation profiles for predicting MRD in postoperative non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor tissues and longitudinal blood samples were obtained from 65 patients with resected stage IA‐IIIB NSCLC. Somatic mutation and DNA methylation profiling were performed using ultra‐deep targeted sequencing and targeted bisulfite sequencing, respectively. Dynamic changes in plasma‐based mutation and tumor‐informed methylation profiles, reflected as MRD score, were observed from before surgery (baseline) to postoperative follow‐up, reflecting the decrease in tumor burden of the patients with resected NSCLC. Mutations were detected from plasma samples in 63% of the patients at baseline, which significantly reduced to 23‐25% during post‐operative follow‐ups. MRD score positive rate was 95.7% at baseline, which reduced to 74% at the first and 70% at the second follow‐up. Among the 5 relapsed patients with parallel longitudinal analysis of mutation and methylation profile, elevated MRD score was observed at follow‐up between 0.5‐7 months prior to radiologic recurrence for all 5 patients. Of them, 4 patients also had concomitant increase in allelic fraction of mutations in at least 1 follow‐up time point, but one patient had no mutation detected throughout all follow‐ups. Our results demonstrate that longitudinal profiling of mutation and DNA methylation may have potential for detecting MRD and predicting recurrence in postoperative NSCLC patients.: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal permeability is intrinsically anisotropic because of the cleat structure of coal. Therefore, coal permeability can be denoted by a second-order tensor under three-dimensional conditions. Our previous paper proposed an analytical model of the principal permeability tensor of coal during primary coalbed methane (CBM) recovery. Based on this model, 18 modeling cases were considered in the present study to evaluate how the principal permeabilities were influenced by representative coal properties (the areal porosity, the internal swelling ratio, and the Young modulus) during primary CBM recovery. The modeling results show that with regard to the influences of the areal porosity on the principal permeabilities, an increase in cleat porosity reduces the sensitivity of each principal permeability to pore pressure change. The magnitudes of the principal permeabilities are positively proportional to the internal swelling ratio. The principal permeabilities thus tend to monotonically increase with a depletion in the pore pressure when the internal swelling ratio increases. Because the internal swelling ratio represents the extent of gas-sorption-induced matrix deformation, an increase in the internal swelling ratio increases desorption-induced matrix shrinkage and thus induces an increase in permeability. The principal permeabilities are positively proportional to the isotropic principal Young moduli and the synchronously changing anisotropic principal Young moduli. On the other hand, the principal Young modulus within the plane of isotropy influences the principal permeabilities within this plane in diverse patterns depending on both the dip angle of the coalbed and the pitch angle of the cleat sets. The principal permeability perpendicular to the plane of isotropy is positively proportional to this principal Young modulus, and this correlation pattern is independent of both the dip angle and pitch angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling paths of high-order harmonic generation from is theoretically investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation based on the Born–Oppenheimer approximation in orthogonal two-color fields. Our simulations show that the change of harmonic emission paths is dependent on time-dependent distribution of electrons. Compared with one-dimensional linearly polarized long wavelength laser, multiple returns are suppressed and short paths are dominant in the process of harmonic emission by two-dimensional orthogonal ω/2ω laser fields. Furthermore, not only are multiple returns weaken, but also the harmonic emission varies from twice to once in an optical cycle by orthogonal ω/1.5ω laser fields. Combining the time–frequency distributions and the time-dependent electron wave packets probability density, the mechanism of controlling paths is further explained. As a result, a 68-as isolated attosecond pulse is obtained by superposing a proper range of the harmonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The all-solid-state lithium batteries using solid electrolytes are considered to be the new generation of devices for energy storage, which might be a key solution for power electric and hybrid electric vehicles in the future. This review focuses on the crystal structures and electrochemical properties of sulfide solid electrolytes. They are classified to several subgroups according to their chemical compositions, namely thiophosphates, halide thiophosphates, sulfide without phosphorus, and glassy sulfides electrolytes, which might be potential solid electrolytes in lithium batteries and may replace the currently used polymeric electrolytes for LIBs. Through discussion, this review provides an insight into future promising sulfide electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α -LiFeO 2 and its nanocomposite with porous carbon ( α- LiFeO 2 / PC) is prepared by a simple one-step solid-state method. They are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, and BET surface area analysis techniques. When composited with PC, α- LiFeO 2 particles with smaller sizes locate on the surface or insert in the pores of PC. α- LiFeO 2 /PC can deliver the first discharge capacity of 1830 mAh/g, and 792 mAh/g can be maintained after 120 cycles at 0.1 C. Its capacity can reach to 570 mAh/g after 120 cycles even at 1C. The facile preparation method and nice electrochemical data, together with cheap and eco-friendly iron sources, make α- LiFeO 2 /PC a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal angiogenesis plays an important role in impaired wound healing and development of chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus. Angelica dahurica radix is a common traditional Chinese medicine with wide spectrum medicinal effects. In this study, we analyzed the potential roles of Angelica dahurica ethanolic extract (ADEE) in correcting impaired angiogenesis and delayed wound healing in diabetes by using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ADEE treatment accelerated diabetic wound healing through inducing angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation. The angiogenic property of ADEE was subsequently verified ex vivo using aortic ring assays. Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro angiogenic activity of ADEE and its underlying mechanisms using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ADEE treatment induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation, which are typical phenomena of angiogenesis, in dose-dependent manners. These effects were associated with activation of angiogenic signal modulators, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as increased NO production, and independent of affecting VEGF expression. ADEE-induced angiogenic events were inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, the PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin, and the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Our findings highlight an angiogenic role of ADEE and its ability to protect against impaired wound healing, which may be developed as a promising therapy for impaired angiogenesis and delayed wound healing in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The γ-LiFeO micro-cubes were synthesized using a simple solid-state method. Their electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium ion batteries was firstly investigated. Pure γ-LiFeO without nanosizing or carbon coating can deliver the first discharge capacity of 1055.3 mAh/g, and 611.5 mAh/g can be maintained after 50 cycles, around 80 % of the second discharge capacity. γ-LiFeO also demonstrates nice rate capabilities. These results indicate that γ-LiFeO is a promising anode material candidate for lithium ion batteries. The charge/discharge mechanism was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FeSSe particles dispersed in the pores of carbon (FeSSe/PC) were prepared using a simple one-pot solid-state method, which were then characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and Raman spectrum techniques. As the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, FeSSe/PC displays an initial discharge capacity as high as 699.5 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and 327.9 mAh/g can be maintained after 200 cycles, much enhanced than those of pure FeSSe. The small particles of FeSSe wrapped in carbon can effectively buffer the volume expansion during charging/discharging to improve the electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Collagen α1(Ш) chain (COL3A1) is an important structural protein on the surface of human skin. The activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) is crucial to maintaining the stable triple-helix structure and function of human COL3A1. To obtain hydroxylated human COL3A1, virus-derived P4H A085R was co-expressed with human COL3A1 in Pichia pastoris GS115. Colony PCR analysis and sequencing after transfection confirmed that the target gene was successfully inserted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) indicated that human COL3A1 and P4H A085R were expressed at mRNA levels in the clones. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of supernatant from the recombinant methylotrophic yeast culture showed that recombinant human COL3A1 (rhCOL3A1) was secreted into the culture medium with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 130 kDa. It was observed that the amount of secreted rhCOL3A1 was highest at 120 h after induction. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that rhCOL3A1 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. The His-tagged rhCOL3A1 protein was purified by Ni-affinity column chromatography. • Virus-derived P4H was co-expressed with COL3A1 in eukaryotic system for the first time. • Virus-derived P4H and rhCOL3A1 were successfully expression in P.pastoris GS115. • The apparent molecular weight of rhCOL3A1 protein was approximately 96.3 kDa. • Virus-derived P4H could play the same function as human P4H in Pichia pastoris cells. • RhCOL3A1 with hydroxylation modification was successfully obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious complication that often leads to amputation or even death with limited effective treatments. Tuo-Li-Xiao-Du-San (TLXDS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for refractory wounds, has been prescribed for nearly 400 years in China and shows good efficacy in promoting healing. In this study, we explored the effect of TLXDS on healing of diabetic wounds and investigated underlying mechanisms. Four weeks after intravenous injection of streptozotocin, two full-thickness excisional wounds were created with a 10 mm diameter sterile biopsy punch on the back of rats. The ethanol extract of TLXDS was given once daily by oral gavage. Wound area, histological change, inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis were evaluated. TLXDS treatment significantly accelerated healing of diabetic rats and improved the healing quality. These effects were associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration and macrophage accumulation, enhanced angiogenesis, and increased collagen deposition. This study shows that TLXDS improves diabetes-impaired wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious complication that often leads to amputation or even death with limited effective treatments. Tuo-Li-Xiao-Du-San (TLXDS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for refractory wounds, has been prescribed for nearly 400 years in China and shows good efficacy in promoting healing. In this study, we explored the effect of TLXDS on healing of diabetic wounds and investigated underlying mechanisms. Four weeks after intravenous injection of streptozotocin, two full-thickness excisional wounds were created with a 10 mm diameter sterile biopsy punch on the back of rats. The ethanol extract of TLXDS was given once daily by oral gavage. Wound area, histological change, inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis were evaluated. TLXDS treatment significantly accelerated healing of diabetic rats and improved the healing quality. These effects were associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration and macrophage accumulation, enhanced angiogenesis, and increased collagen deposition. This study shows that TLXDS improves diabetes-impaired wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tripterygium glycosides tablet (TGT) is a Chinese traditional medicine that has been shown to protect podocytes from injury and reduce the proteinuria. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TGT on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its potential mechanism in high-fat diet fed and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into normal control rats (NC group), diabetic rats without drug treatment (DM group), and diabetic rats treated with TGT (1, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 8 weeks. The results showed that 24 h proteinuria and urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) in diabetic rats were decreased by TGT treatment without affecting blood glucose. Masson’s trichrome stains showed that apparent renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was found in DM group, which was ameliorated by TGT treatment. The expression of α-SMA was significantly decreased, accompanied by increased expression of E-cadherin in TGT-treated rats, but not in untreated DM rats. Further studies showed that TGT administration markedly reduced expression of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in TGT-treated diabetic rats. These results showed that TGT could ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the mechanism which may be at least partly associated with the amelioration of EMT through suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microstructure of bearing outer ring Characterized by various means. • Three crack nucleation sites appear after tensile unloading. • The initiation and propagation of crack was monitored by in-situ tension with the increasing of stress. • Bainite colony (Prior austenite) leads to quasi cleavage fracture as the weakest link. Bearing plays an important role in operation safety as the key component of high-speed train. The service life is affected by the fracture behavior of bearing during operation seriously. In this paper, the MTS universal testing machine was used to carry out tensile test and tension-unloading test on the sample of the bearing outer ring. On this basis, the fracture process was dynamically monitored by in-situ tensile test. The stress state of the sample during tensile process was calculated by the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that the microstructure is composed of lower bainite, (Fe,Cr) 3 C carbides and a small amount of residual austenite. The ultimate strength of outer ring is 2.3GPa. Compared with the center of the sample, the stress triaxiality on the surface is low and the shear stress is high relatively, reinforcing the local plastic deformation. Microcracks are the main damage forms of bearing outer ring. The microcracks nucleate in the three sites, which are the boundary of bainite colony, between the bainite lamellae and around carbide. The bainite colony is the weakest link of the bearing. A large number of microcracks nucleate on the boundary of bainite colony. Under the action of tensile loading, the microcracks propagate along the boundary of bainite colony. With the increasing of load, the cracks propagate unsteadily and lead to the quasi-cleavage fracture of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many studies have evaluated the association between the HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism and risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Chinese-based populations, however, published data remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis from all relevant studies to evaluate an association of HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism with susceptibility to PD. Methods: The summary odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to evaluate the association. The Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. The minor A allele frequencies, additive, dominant as well as recessive genetic models were examined in the analyses. Results: Five case-control studies with a total of 2230 PD cases and 2262 controls from Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia were included in the final meta-analysis. Neither the minor A allele frequencies nor the genotypic distributions were significantly different between PD cases and controls when all studies were pooled into this meta-analysis. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism was not responsible for PD in Chinese-based populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many studies have evaluated the association between the HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism and risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Chinese-based populations, however, published data remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis from all relevant studies to evaluate an association of HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism with susceptibility to PD. Methods: The summary odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (Cl) was calculated to evaluate the association. The Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. The minor A allele frequencies, additive, dominant as well as recessive genetic models were examined in the analyses. Results: Five case-control studies with a total of 2230 PD cases and 2262 controls from Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia were included in the final meta-analysis. Neither the minor A allele frequencies nor the genotypic distributions were significantly different between PD cases and controls when all studies were pooled into this meta-analysis. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that HLA-DRA rs3129882 A/G polymorphism was not responsible for PD in Chinese-based populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zinc air fuel cell (ZAFC) is a promising candidate for electrical energy storage and electric vehicle propulsion. However, its limited durability has become a major obstacle for its successful commercialization. In this study, 2-cell stacks, 25 cm² cells and three-electrode half-cells are constructed to experimentally investigate the degradation characteristics of the air cathode. The results of electrochemical tests reveal that the peak power density for the 25 cm 2 cell with a new air cathode is 454 mW cm −2 , which is twice as the value of the used air cathode. The electrochemical impedance analysis shows that both the charge transfer resistance and the mass transfer resistance of the used air cathodes have increased, suggesting that the catalyst surface area and gas diffusion coefficient have decreased significantly. Additionally, the microstructure and morphology of the catalytic layer (CL) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) are characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM). SEM results confirm that the micropores in CL and GDL of the used air cathode are seriously clogged, and many catalyst particles are lost. Therefore, the performance degradation is mainly due to the clogging of micropores and loss of catalyst particles. Furthermore, hypotheses of degradation mechanism and mitigation strategies for GDL and CL are discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is a neurotrophic factor which enhances the survival of rat midbrain dopamine neurons. Genetic variation in FGF20 may influence the risk of occurrence and development in Parkinson's diseases (PD). Many studies have evaluated the association between FGF20 rs1721100 C/G polymorphism and the risk of sporadic PD; however, published data are still controversial. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of FGF20 rs1721100 C/G polymorphism with susceptibility of PD. The summary odds ratio (OR) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the association. Five case-control studies with a total of 3,463 sporadic PD cases and 4,606 controls were finally included into this meta-analysis. Neither the basic allele frequencies nor the genotypic distributions of rs1721100 C/G within FGF20 were different between two groups when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed FGF20 rs1721100 C/G polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk in the heterozygote comparison model (CG versus GG: OR = 0.83, 95 % CI, 0.72-0.95, P = 0.009) in Asians but not in Caucasians. Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that FGF20 rs1721100 C/G polymorphism is associated with sporadic PD in Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two atypical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, Pol IV and Pol V, play critical roles in RNA-directed DNA methylation. We summarize the mechanisms for Pol IV and Pol V recruitment and discuss how different chromatin features affect RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) targeting.RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is responsible for transcriptional silencing of endogenous transposable elements and introduced transgenes. This process requires non-coding RNAs produced by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases IV and V (Pol IV and Pol V). Pol IV-produced non-coding RNAs are precursors of 24-nt small interfering RNAs, whereas Pol V-produced ncRNAs directly act as scaffold RNAs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of RdDM. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of Pol IV and Pol V to chromatin and the targeting of RdDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase decomposition influences significantly the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Prediction of the phase decomposition of HEA is greatly hindered by the hyper-dimensional composition space of the alloys. In the present work, we propose to represent the HEAs as various pseudo-binary alloys of which the temperature dependent free energies as functions of compositions may be readily calculated by using first-principles methods in combination with thermodynamic models. With the calculated free energies, the phase diagrams of the pseudo-binary alloys may be constructed and the phase decomposition can be predicted. This procedure is applied to Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr alloy with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. We predict that the equiatomic HfNbTaTiZr HEA suffers from phase decomposition below critical temperature of 1298 K. The HEA decomposes most favorably to BCC NbTa-rich and HfZr-rich phases. The BCC HfZr-rich phase transfers to a hexagonal close-packed structure (HCP) phase at low temperature. The predicted compositions of the decomposed phases are in good agreement with experiment and Thermal-Calc modeling. Furthermore, the effect of the phase decomposition on the strength of the HEA is evaluated by considering the solid-solution and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. The precipitation strengthening effect is stronger than the solid-solution strengthening at the low annealing temperature but becomes weaker at high annealing temperature. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Extraction and subsequent E can release many SSs from HSBC and IEP. • The predominant CS in HSBC and its R s are aliphatic and aromatic carbons. • The main oxygen occurrence are >C-OH and >C-O- moieties in HSBC and its R s. • R S , especially R IEP , can be further used in pyrolysis or porous material precursors. The structural features (SFs) of Hecaogou subbituminous coal (HSBC) and its residues (R s) were investigated with non-destructive tools, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (SS 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XRPES), combined with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and flash pyrolysis (FP). SS 13C NMR analysis shows that both HSBC and its R s consist of aliphatic, aromatic, and carbonyl carbon species. The total content of aliphatic carbon species in the R s is lower than that in HSBC, but the content of carbonyl carbon species is basically unchanged. In both HSBC and its R s, aliphatic linkages connect 3–5 aromatic rings (ARs) and the number of substituents on each AR is up to 2 on average. Based on the semi-quantitative analysis with FTIRS and TGA, cleavaging weak- and medium-strength covalent bonds (>C al -X-, X denotes H, N, S, or >C al) should be the main reactions during the ethanolysis of HSBC and its inextractable portion. The analysis with XRPES indicates that the main oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing moieties are >C-O- groups, pyrrolic, and aromatic and sulfonic sulfurs, respectively, on the surface of HSBC and its R s. Considerable amounts of alkanes and alkenes were released and non-substituted arenes are the main arenes released from the FP of HSBC and its R s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissipativeparticle dynamics simulations are performed to investigatethe self-assembly of rod–coil diblock copolymers RNRCN–NRwithin a rod-selective slit. The self-assembled structureof the confined system is sensitively dependent on the rigidity kθand the fraction fRof the rod block and the slit height H.From the phase diagram of structures with respect to kθand fRfor N= 12 and H= 6, we observe four mainstructures including disordered cylinder (DC) structure, hexagonallypacked cylinders (HPC) perpendicular to the slit surfaces, and lamellarstructures parallel (L∥) and perpendicular (L⊥) to surfaces. And structure transitions can be achievedby tuning kθ. The effect of theslit height on the self-assembled structure is also studied for R6C6and R7C5copolymers withlarge kθ. For R6C6, different structures near surfaces and in the interior ofslit are observed in relatively wide slits. Whereas for R7C5, L⊥structure, whose lamellar domainspacing decays exponentially with H, is generallygenerated. Our results suggest an effective way to control the orderingof rod–coil diblock copolymers under nanoscale confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A zinc air fuel cell (ZAFC) stack with inexpensive manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the catalyst is designed, in which the circulation flowing potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte carries the reaction product away and acts as a coolant. Experiments are carried out to investigate the characteristics of polarization, constant current discharge and dynamic response, as well as the factors affecting the performance and uniformity of individual cells in the stack. The results reveal that the peak power density can be as high as 435 mW cm−2 according to the area of the air cathode sheet, and the influence factors on cell performance and uniformity are cell locations, filled state of zinc pellets, contact resistance, flow rates of electrolyte and air. It is also shown that the time needed for voltages to reach steady state and that for current step-up or current step-down are both in milliseconds, indicating the ZAFC can be excellently applied to vehicles with rapid dynamic response demands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-based therapies have been increasingly recognized as a potential tool to replace or support cells and their function damaged by the neurodegenerative process that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we implanted engineered mouse embryonic stem (ES) CGR8 cells, which stably co-express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), into striatum (Str) or both Str and substantia nigra (SN) of parkinsonian rats lesioned by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We found that cell transplantation into Str or both Str and SN rescued behavioral abnormalities and striatal DA depletion associated with 6-OHDA lesion. Our findings suggested that the profound functional impairment in nigrostriatal circuitry could be at least partially restored by ESCs-based expression of TH and GDNF, which may be developed into a useful tool for PD therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

OBJECTIVES: To compare image quality, radiation dose, and iodine intake of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) acquired by wide-detector using different tube voltages and different concentrations of contrast medium (CM) for overweight patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 overweight patients (body mass index≥25 kg/m2) who underwent CCTA are enrolled and divided into three groups according to scan protocols namely, group A (120 kVp, 370 mgI/ml CM); group B (100 kVp, 350 mgI/ml CM); and group C (80 kVp, 320 mgI/ml CM). The CT values, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure-of-merit (FOM) of all images are calculated. Images are subjectively assessed using a 5-point scale. In addition, the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of each patient are recorded. The effective radiation dose (ED) is also calculated. Above data are then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean CT values, SNR, CNR, and subjective image quality of group A are significantly lower than those of groups B and C (P < 0.001), but there is no significant difference between groups B and C (P > 0.05). FOMs show a significantly increase trend from group A to C (P < 0.001). The ED values and total iodine intake in groups B and C are 30.34% and 68.53% and 10.22% and 16.85% lower than those in group A, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The lower tube voltage and lower concentration of CM based on wide-detector allows for significant reduction in iodine load and radiation dose in CCTA for overweight patients comparing to routine scan protocols. It also enhances signal intensity of CCTA and maintains image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: C31, consisting of 31 amino acid residues, is generated from the carboxyl terminal fragments (CTFs) of amyloid precursor protein (APP). It has been shown that C31 causes apoptosis in neurons and is present in brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Using whole-cell patch clamp techniques, we investigated effects of C31 on voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) currents and the protective effects of β-estradiol on PC12 cells. The results demonstrated that C31 induced a significant increase of the VGCC currents in PC12 cells, which was blocked by β-estradiol. These results suggest that modulation of intracellular calcium levels by VGCC may in part be involved in C31 induced neuronal death associated with AD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed train bearing are significantly influenced by the harsh service environment during the long-term service process, which is crucial for the safety and service life of bearing. In this paper, the outer ring of high-speed train bearing is taken as the research object. The microstructure of the outer ring under different service periods was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were measured by the MTS testing machine and microhardness tester. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of the high-speed train bearing outer rings under different service periods was investigated by comparative analysis. The results show that, with the increase of the service period, the bainite in bearing outer ring become coarser, the number of acicular carbides increases, and size of microcracks increases. Moreover, the dislocation density and microhardness near the inner-surface of the outer ring increases slightly. However, both yield strength and ultimate strength decrease with the increase of the service period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in antibacterial fields due to their excellent antibacterial effects. Here, by using a dietary flavonoid found in edible plants, kaempferol (Kae), as reducing and capping agent, a facile and eco-friendly method was developed to synthesize the uniform and long-term stable silver nanoparticle/kaempferol composites (Kae-AgNPs). Kae-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Kae-AgNPs with a size about 10 nm were synthesized by 0.1 mmol/L Kae. Lower concentration of Kae was shown with smaller Kae-AgNPs due to a few of Kae molecules expected to reduce a small number of Ag+ ions to metallic silver. Aqueous Kae-AgNPs were very stable and could be stably dispersed in water for about two months as evidenced by DLS detection, and the stability was further confirmed by XPS. Antibacterial analysis against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) strains showed that Kae-AgNPs displayed superior antibacterial effects than AgNPs or Kae alone, and interestingly, much better than that of the analogous nano-silver composites in the previous studies. Moreover, Kae-AgNPs with a low concentration of 2 μg/mL demonstrated highly effective antibacterial activity against E. coli (1 × 106 CFU/mL). The antibacterial mechanisms of Kae-AgNPs included the destruction of the membrane structure of bacteria, leakage of the cell contents, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and eventually resulting in bacteria death. The results suggest that Kae-AgNPs have high efficiency against bacteria, and have the potential to be further developed as promising antibacterial nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The winter cold stress of dairy cows has become one of the important problems affecting the healthy development of animal husbandry. Cold stress will lead to the decrease of feed intake, milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows, and seriously harm the economic benefits of dairy farmers. Inner Mongolia is located in a cold region, where animals are in a cold environment for a long time, and the impact of cold stress is more common. In order to more specifically understand the effects of cold stress on the production performance of dairy cows, the paper reviews the effects of cold stress on the behavior, milk yield, neuroendocrine, biochemical indexes, immune, antioxidant function, intestinal flora and other aspects of dairy cows, and summarizes the effective prevention and control measures to prevent cold stress of dairy cows, to provide reference for further research on the prevention and relief of cold stress in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of rod-coil-rod ABA triblock copolymers in a rod-selective solvent is investigated by using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The morphologies of the self-assembled aggregates are dependent on the number of copolymers in the aggregate and the rod length of the copolymer. We observe vesicles at short rod block and bowl-like aggregates at slightly longer rod block. In the vesicle region near the phase boundary, metastable bowl-like aggregates can be observed and be transformed into vesicles by annealing process. A transition from the bowl-like structure to the vesicle is observed by increasing the solvophobicity of the mid-coil block. In this study, the difference between the self-assembly of fully flexible ABA triblock copolymer and that of rod-coil-rod triblock copolymer is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Relation of pressure drop current impedance water amount is studied originally. • The more current lowers, the closer pressure drop approaches ideal control line. • Give a new circuit model showing water amount at different layers. • This model is appropriate for large water amount at layers. • Resistances prove rationality of flooding detection based on pressure drop. The cathodic pressure drop is an effective indicator for detecting the water state in flow channels and gas diffusion layer of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Reducing current density is supposed to be the easiest way to cure the fuel cell from flooding. However, the relationship among pressure drop, current density and flooding has not been investigated, which is meaningful for preventing flooding, especially for the stationary power plant featuring constant condition and long-time operation. In this paper, the evolution of pressure drop, voltage, impedance, and water amount in terms of the resistance at different parts inside the fuel cell were analyzed quantitatively using a new equivalent circuit model, which could describe the water state more appropriately under large water amount. For one thing, when the flooding risk was diagnosed at different current densities, the cathodic resistance of catalyst layer was almost 238 mΩ·cm2, and the mass transfer resistance of the cathodic channels and gas diffusion layer was between 220 and 234 mΩ·cm2. It implied that pressure drop could be used to detect flooding. For another, the pressure drop could not return to the control line, but the more the current density decreased, the closer it approached to this line, which was verified by the impedance at different layers. In real application, the appropriate strategy of lowering current and diagnosis based on pressure drop could be selected for avoiding flooding in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antler ossified tissue has been widely used for the extraction of bioactive peptides. In this study, collagen was prepared from antler ossified tissue via acetic acid and pepsin. Five different proteases were used to hydrolyze the collagen and the hydrolysate treated by neutrase (collagen peptide named ACP) showed the highest DPPH radical clearance rate. The extraction process of ACP was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: a temperature of 52 °C, a pH of 6.1, and an enzyme concentration of 3200 U/g, which resulted in the maximum DPPH clearance rate of 74.41 ± 0.48%. The peptides (ACP-3) with the strongest antioxidant activity were obtained after isolation and purification, and its DPPH free radical clearance rate was 90.58 ± 1.27%; at the same time, it exhibited good scavenging activity for ABTS, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical. The study investigated the protective effect of ACP-3 on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells. The findings revealed that all groups that received ACP-3 pretreatment exhibited increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT compared to the model group. Furthermore, ACP-3 pretreatment reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in HaCaT cells subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that collagen peptides derived from deer antler ossified tissue can effectively mitigate the oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in HaCaT cells, thereby providing a foundation for the utilization of collagen peptides in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the ecological barrier and an essential element of food security, the agro-pastoral ecotone is vital in northern China. Since soil fertility in northern China is low due to frequent surface disturbances, it is necessary to improve the properties of the soil. This study aims to examine the impact of fungal residue return on soil properties based on six treatments (CK: 0 kg/40 m2; R3: 90 kg/40 m2; R5: 150 kg/40 m2; R7: 210 kg/40 m2; R9: 270 kg/40 m2; R11: 330 kg/40 m2;) of fungal residue return concentration experimental data from 0 to 30 cm soil depth. The results showed that the effect of fungal residue returning on soil habits was greater at 0–10 cm of the surface layer. The bulk density can be reduced to 25.83% of CK, and water content can be increased up to 26.26%. Adding fungal residue to the field led to a greater increase in soil parameters (SOM and AP), and this characteristic effect continued as the return concentration increased. The number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes remained stable, and the amount of fungi was at its lowest. Compared with CK, the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes increased by 1.94 times, 1.46 times, and 1.71 times, respectively. After the residue was returned to the field, AK had the strongest correlation with other factors (p < 0.01), and microorganism and enzyme activities were strongly correlated (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study presents a new method of resource utilization of downstream wastes in the food industry while simultaneously providing natural, pollution-free improvements to the soil, which is very beneficial to increasing crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The large amount of data produced by proteomics experiments requires effective bioinformatics tools for the integration of data management and data analysis. Here we introduce a suite of tools developed at Vanderbilt University to support production proteomics. We present the Backup Utility Service tool for automated instrument file backup and the ScanSifter tool for data conversion. We also describe a queuing system to coordinate identification pipelines and the File Collector tool for batch copying analytical results. These tools are individually useful but collectively reinforce each other. They are particularly valuable for proteomics core facilities or research institutions that need to manage multiple mass spectrometers. With minor changes, they could support other types of biomolecular resource facilities.Availability and Implementation: Source code and executable versions are available under Apache 2.0 License at http://www.vicc.org/jimayersinstitute/data/Contact: daniel.liebler@vanderbilt.edu [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrous sulfide (FeS) particles dispersed in the pores of carbon (FeS/PC) from the polyacrylonitrile carbonization were prepared via a facile one-pot solid-state method, which was extensively characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectrum, and XPS techniques. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, this FeS/PC composite can achieve a high initial discharge capacity of 1428.8 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and can maintain 624.9 mAh/g capacity after 150 cycles. The porous carbon accommodates the volume change during the cycling, and the special structure of the FeS/PC composite results in its advanced electrochemical performance by enhancing the structure stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a gut‐derived atherogenic metabolite. However, the role of TMAO and its precursors in the development of stroke remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between metabolites in TMAO biosynthesis and stroke risk. Methods: A nested case‐control study was performed in a community‐based cohort (2013–2018, n = 16,113). We included 412 identified stroke cases and 412 controls matched by age and sex. Plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, trimethyl lysine (TML), and TMAO were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between these biomarkers and stroke risk. Results: After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, educational attainment, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the corresponding OR for the highest versus lowest quartile was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.16–2.61, P trend = 0.006) for total stroke and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.14–2.86, P trend = 0.020) for ischemic stroke in an essentially linear dose–response fashion. A significant association between TMAO and nonischemic stroke was shown as a J‐shape with OR for the highest versus second quartile of 5.75 (95% CI: 1.73–19.1). No meaningful significant risk association was found among plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML with stroke risk. Conclusions: Increased TMAO was associated with higher stroke risk in the community‐based population, whereas the TMAO precursors carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML were not associated. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to further elucidate the role of TMAO in the development of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The growth performance of pigs reflects their economic value. Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama minipigs have a slower growth rate and a lower feed utilization. Differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA were detected in the pituitary tissues of Bama minipigs and Landrace pigs involved in the relevant pathways mediating animal growth. In addition, we validated in vitro some potential miRNA–mRNA combinations associated with growth performance. Our findings provide an important resource for studying the differences in growth performance of different pig breeds. Pig growth performance is one of the criteria for judging pork production and is influenced by genotype and external environmental factors such as feeding conditions. The growth performance of miniature pigs, such as Bama minipigs, differs considerably from that of the larger body size pigs, such as Landrace pigs, and can be regarded as good models in pig growth studies. In this research, we identified differentially expressed genes in the pituitary gland of Bama minipigs and Landrace pigs. Through the pathway enrichment analysis, we screened the growth-related pathways and the genes enriched in the pathways and established the protein–protein interaction network. The RNAHybrid algorithm was used to predict the interaction between differentially expressed microRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Four regulatory pathways (Y-82-ULK1/CDKN1A, miR-4334-5p-STAT3/PIK3R1/RPS6KA3/CAB39L, miR-4331-SCR/BCL2L1, and miR-133a-3p-BCL2L1) were identified via quantitative real-time PCR to detect the expression and correlation of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs. In conclusion, we revealed potential miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks associated with pig growth performance in the pituitary glands of Bama minipigs and Landrace pigs, which may help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of growth differences in pigs of different body sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin of amphibians is a tissue with biological functions, such as defense, respiration, and excretion. In recent years, researchers have discovered a large number of peptides in the skin secretions of amphibians, including antimicrobial peptides, antioxidant peptides, bradykinins, insulin-releasing peptides, and other peptides. This review focuses on the origin, primary structure, secondary structure, length, and functions of peptides secreted from amphibians' skin. We hope that this review will provide further information and promote the further study of amphibian skin secretions, in order to provide reference for expanding the research and application of amphibian bioactive peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable zinc-air battery used for energy storage has a serious problem of charging capacity limited by oxygen bubble coalescence. Fast removal of oxygen bubbles adhered to the charging electrode surface is of great importance for improving the charging performance of the battery. Here we show that the law of oxygen bubble growth can be achieved by means of phase-field simulation, revealing two phenomena of bubble detachment and bubble coalescence located in the charging electrode on both sides. Hydrodynamic electrolyte and partial insulation structure of the charging electrode are investigated to solve the problem of oxygen bubble coalescence during charging. Two types of rechargeable zinc-air battery are developed on the basis of different tri-electrode configurations, demonstrating that the charging performance of the battery with electrolyte flow (Ⅰ) is better than that of the battery with the partially insulated electrode (Ⅱ), while the battery Ⅱ is superior to the battery Ⅰ in the discharging performance, cost and portability. The proposed solutions and results would be available for promoting commercial application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries or other metal-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is well documented in organism growth and its alternative splicing may generate multiple functional GHRHR splice variants (SVs). Our previous study has demonstrated the key pituitary miRNAs (let-7e and miR-328-5p) in pig regulated the expression of GHRHR SVs by directly targeting to them. And according to recent reports, the interplay between miRNA-based silencing of mRNAs and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is a crucial post-transcriptional mechanism. In this study, SF3B3 and CPSF4 were firstly excavated as the splice factors that involved in the formation of GHRHR SVs mediated by let-7e and miR-328-5p through the comparation of the expression relations of GHRHR SVs, let-7e/miR-328-5p and SF3B3/CPSF4 in pituitary tissues between Landrace pigs and BaMa pigs, as well as the prediction of the target relations of let-7e/miR-328-5p with SF3B3 and/or CPSF4. SF3B3 and CPSF4 targeted by let-7e and miR-328-5p were further verified by performing dual-luciferase reporter assays and detecting the expression of target transcripts. Then the RT-PCR, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were used to confirm SF3B3 and CPSF4 were involved in the formation of the GHRHR SVs, and in this process, let-7e and miR-328-5p mediated GHRHR SVs by regulating SF3B3 and CPSF4. Finally, the target site of SF3B3 on pre- GHRHR was on the Exon 12 to Exon14, while CPSF4 acted on the other fragments of the pre- GHRHR , which were explored by dual-luciferase reporter system preliminarily. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the miRNAs regulate GHRHR SVs indirectly by splice factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphology control is crucial both for zinc–air batteries and for zinc–air fuel cells during zinc regeneration. Zinc dendrite should be avoided in zinc–air batteries and zinc pellets are yearned to be formed for zinc–air fuel cells. This paper is mainly to analyze the mechanism of shape change and to control the zinc morphology during charge. A numerical three-dimensional model for zinc regeneration is established with COMSOL software on the basis of ionic transport theory and electrode reaction electrochemistry, and some experiments of zinc regeneration are carried out. The deposition process is qualitatively analyzed by the kinetics Monte Carlo method to study the morphological change from the electrocrystallization point of view. Morphological evolution of deposited zinc under different conditions of direct currents and pulse currents is also investigated by simulation. The simulation shows that parametric variables of the flowing electrolyte, the surface roughness and the structure of the electrode, the charging current and mode affect morphological evolution. The uniform morphology of deposited zinc is attained at low current, pulsating current or hydrodynamic electrolyte, and granular morphology is obtained by means of an electrode of discrete columnar structure in combination with high current and flowing electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]