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With the rapid development of electrified railways, its operation reliability is directly related to the safe operation of the power supply system. As a main equipment of the electrified railways traction power supply system, the reliability of traction transformer is directly related to the security of the entire power supply system. For traction transformer, the negative sequence current is the main factor of afety. In the process of transformer switching, the electromagnetic problem is particularly prominent. This paper aims to study the transient response process of the special structure traction transformer. The main research content is to analyze the traction transformer magnetic field distribution with the field-circuit coupling method. Further, the eddy current field of traction transformer core and other structural parts will be researched with the finite element method (FEM) in this paper. Based on this study, this paper also researches the loss distribution of the core and structural parts that is great significance to the electromagnetic design of the transformer and economic operation.