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Multimorbidity is the co‑existing of two or more chronic diseases or health problems. Widespread access to antiretroviral therapy has led to a marked improvement in the immune status and life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals. HIV-positive individuals suffer from higher burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and are more likely to show a premature aging and frailty trend compared with the general population. The consequent increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity leads to the increasing in medical and economic burden， and different comorbidity patterns may indicate different risk factors and have different effects on health outcomes， posing challenges to healthcare and comprehensive management for HIV-positive individuals. This review summarizes research advances in prevalence， associated factors and patterns of comorbidities among HIV-positive individuals.

The geological structure of the reservoir in Bozi-Dabei area is complex, and the longitudinal difference of rock mechanical properties of the reservoir is large. Most of the current evaluation techniques after reservoir reconstruction are based on the fitting of construction pressure based on the logging curve of a single well, so as to analyze the fracture morphology and the geometric dimensions of length, width and height after pressure. It is difficult to explain the fracture morphology and geometric parameters correctly because the interpretation methods used do not comprehensively consider the influence of natural fractures, 3D geological properties and 3D geomechanical properties. In order to explain the artificial fracture morphology more accurately, the target layer ant body is generated by using 3D original seismic data, and the natural fracture model of three different reservoir types in Bozi X block is generated, which provides geological basis for the integrated demonstration. By combining dynamic and static data and multidisciplinary methods, a one-dimensional rock mechanics profile model is established, and a three-dimensional geomechanical model of three different reservoir types in Block X of Bozi is established by combining geological model and deep diagenesis theory. The matching relationship between horizontal stress, fault strike and natural tensile fracture distribution is comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, providing a geomechanical basis for the evaluation of integrated reservoir reconstruction. Integrated geological model and geomechanical model are closely combined with engineering parameters to establish an integrated true three-dimensional artificial fracture model. On this basis, the optimization research and design of the parameters of displacement, liquid volume and sand ratio are completed. The optimal flow rate of Class I reservoir 6-7 (m³·min-1), Class II reservoir 5-6 (m³·min-1), Class III reservoir 4-5 (m³·min-1), Class I reservoir 600-700 m³, Class II reservoir 600-700 m³, Class III reservoir 500-600 m³, Sand ratio of 15%-20% for Class I reservoir, 15%-20% for class II reservoir and 20%-25% for class III reservoir are the optimal construction parameters, which provide guidance for field construction.

For making full use of seasonal difference of rock and soil strength of open-pit coal mine slope, improving the angle of end-slope during mining in winter and increasing the extraction amount of coal, based on the strength theory of seasonally frozen soil and the direct shear experiment under the action of freeze-thaw, using the Geo-Slope stability analysis software, combined with physical and mechanical parameters of slope strata in winter and summer, on the basis of meeting the stability coefficient of end-slope required by regulations, this paper calculates the maximum safety angle in winter and summer as well as the enhancing range of end-slope stability coefficient in winter. The results show that: with the same angle of slope, Fs increases from summer to winter, and the average enhancing range of stability coefficient at different angles is 7.34%. Seasonal steep mining is able to increase the angle of end-slope from 39° in summer to 41° in winter. Based on steep mining under the seasonal difference of rock and soil strength, increase coal recovery of end-slope by 81 100 t and economic benefit by 6.540 5 million yuan; the safety of the end wall in the transition period can be guaranteed by increasing the amount of earth of the inner pressure displacement wall by 3 600 m3.

The Ordos Basin is rich in shale oil resources. The main targeted layers of blocks A83 and X233 are the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation. Due to extremely low permeability, a fracturing technique was required to enhance oil recovery. However, after adopting the stimulated reservoir volume-fracturing technology, the post-fracturing production of the A83 block is significantly lower than that of the X233 block. For this problem, the dominating factors of productivity of the two blocks were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (SRCC), showing that the main reason for the lower production of the A83 block is its insufficient formation energy. To solve this problem, the CO2 pre-pad energized fracturing method was proposed. To study the feasibility of CO2 pre-pad energized fracturing in the A83 block, an integrated reservoir numerical simulation model of well A83-1 was established based on the idea of integration of geology and engineering. Additionally, the productions within five years after conventional volume fracturing and CO2 pre-pad energized fracturing were compared. The results show that compared with conventional volume fracturing, the cumulative oil production of CO2 pre-pad energized fracturing increases by 11.8%, and the water cut decreases by 16.5%. The research results can guide the subsequent reservoir reconstruction operation in the A83 block and provide new ideas for fracturing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the specific epithet of Callicarpa minutiflora Y. Y. Qian has been revised for many times, during the study of the genus Callicarpa , we find that Callicarpa minutiflora Y. Y. Qian is identical to Callicarpa longifolia Lamarck by a series of morphologic characters. In order to avoid more confusion, here Callicarpa minutiflora Y. Y. Qian is reduced as a synonym of Callicarpa longifolia Lamarck.