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Background: The specificity of sports nutrition is related to particular nutritional strategies appropriate for each period of the training macrocycle and the type of sport practiced. The aim of the present study was to quantify the daily food rations of lugers from the Karpacz Sports Championship School in three consecutive periods of the annual training cycle. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in a group of 10 lugers (5♀, 5♂), aged 16 to 19 years, who were students of the Sports Championship School in Karpacz, Poland. During each of the three periods of the annual training cycle, nutrition was assessed using the current recording method and the measurement of selected somatic indicators: body height (BH) and body mass (BM). Nutrient (protein, fats, carbohydrates) and dietary fibre requirements were estimated for the lugers for each phase of the training cycle. The Dietetyk PRO diet program was applied to evaluate energy and nutrient intake. Results: An insufficient energy intake was demonstrated in the vast majority of the analysed food rations, the exception being the preparatory period in men (121% of the demand on average). During the competition and transition periods, insufficient protein (67.6±35.0 g; 70.9±36.0 g, respectively), fat (43.5±31.1 g; 48.1±25.7 g), and carbohydrate (202.9±84.7 g; 212.7±62.2 g) intakes were observed in women. In men, a similar trend was noted for carbohydrates and fibre in the second (333.4±56.0 g; 18.0±8.1 g) and third (304.6±65.7 g; 23.8±13.1 g) periods of the annual cycle, and fat (65.5±28.1 g) in the transition period. Conclusions: The tested lugers did not meet the demand for most of the components in the competition and transition periods. The dietary errors shown in the study group may affect sports performance. Therefore, it seems reasonable to provide nutritional education and regular dietary monitoring in lugers.

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors A series of quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones was obtained by exhaustive methylation of the amine groups present at the 7-position of fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin, and norfloxacin. The synthesized molecules were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the synthesized compounds are potent antibacterial agents (MIC values at the lowest 6.25 μM) with low cytotoxicity in vitro as assessed on the BALB 3T3 mouse embryo cell line. Further experiments proved that the tested derivatives are able to bind to the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV active sites in a fluoroquinolone-characteristic manner. The most active quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones, in contrast to ciprofloxacin, reduce the total biomass of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 biofilm in post-exposure experiments. The latter effect may be due to the dual mechanism of action of the quaternary fluoroquinolones, which also involves disruption of bacterial cell membranes. IAM-HPLC chromatographic experiments with immobilized artificial membranes (phospholipids) showed that the most active compounds were those with moderate lipophilicity and containing a cyclopropyl group at the N1 nitrogen atom in the fluoroquinolone core.

Cel pracyCelem naszego badania obserwacyjnego było określenie , czy wybrane cechy osobowości są skorelowane ze stopniem wyrównania metabolicznego/czasem trwania cukrzycy u dorosłych pacjentów z T1DM.MetodaDane zebrano od 56 dorosłych pacjentów (40 mężczyzn) z T1DM leczonych w ośrodku o trzecim stopniu referencyjności. Cechy osobowości „Wielkiej Piątki” oceniano za pomocą kwestionariusza “NEO-Five Factor Inventory”. Kilka zmiennych uzyskano po sczytaniu osobistych pomp insulinowych, glukometrów i zaślepionego systemu ciągłego monitorowania glikemii (CGM).WynikiWszystkie cechy osobowości oprócz neurotyczności (niski poziom cechy) wykazywały przeciętne nasilenie. Ugodowość była skorelowana z większością zmiennych uzyskanych z systemu CGM. Większa sumienność wiązała się z dłuższym czasem trwania cukrzycy. Większa neurotyczność korelowała z większą zmiennością glikemii (GV), podczas gdy wysoka ekstrawersja wiązała się z niższym wskaźnikiem GV. Niższa Otwartość była związana z wydłużeniem czasu klinicznie istotnej hipoglikemiiWnioskiNasze badanie sugeruje, że cechy osobowości przejawiają się w indywidualnym podejściu do leczenia cukrzycy i regulacji emocji, co przekłada się również na stosunek do leczenia. Z drugiej strony, ogólne wyniki cech pacjentów z T1DM były zgodne z normami niepsychiatrycznymi dla osób zdrowych, co obala mity i stereotypy sugerujące, że choroba przewlekła jest zwykle związana z psychopatologią.

A series of novel fluoroquinolone-Safirinium dye hybrids was synthesized by means of tandem Mannich-electrophilic amination reactions from profluorophoric isoxazolones and antibiotics bearing a secondary amino group at position 7 of the quinoline ring. The obtained fluorescent spiro fused conjugates incorporating quaternary nitrogen atoms were characterized by H-1 NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. All the synthetic analogues (3a-h and 4a-h) were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities against a panel of Gram positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The most active Safirinium Q derivatives of lomefloxacin (4d) and ciprofloxacin (4e) exhibited molar-based antibacterial activities comparable to the unmodified drugs and displayed considerable inhibitory potencies in E. coli DNA gyrase supercoiling assays with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Zwiterionic hybrids were noticeably less lipophilic than the parent quinolones in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECK) experiments. The tests performed in the presence of phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (PA beta N) or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) revealed that the conjugates are to some extent subject to bacterial efflux and cellular accumulation, respectively. Moreover, the hybrids did not exhibit notable cytotoxicity towards the HEK 293 control cell line and demonstrated low propensity for resistance development, as exemplified for compounds 3g and 4b. Finally, molecular docking experiments revealed that the synthesized compounds were able to bind in the fluoroquinolone-binding mode at S. aureus DNA gyrase and S. pneumoniae topoisomerase IV active sites. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Eccentric exercises plays a significant role in overall fitness, however, compared to concentric or isometric contractions, it leads to a greater muscle damage due to micro-injuries. Additionally, the redistribution of the blood flow during exercise leads to a reduced blood supply to the intestines and oxidative stress. We aimed to compare the level of muscle and intestinal damage biomarkers after the exercise with a predominance of the eccentric contractions (PEC) between men with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and healthy controls. We assessed the selected biomarkers after a 30-minute run on the inclined treadmill (10% incline) with a load of 5% of patient BMI with a maximal intensity of 60% of the maximal oxygen uptake. We enrolled 19 male T1DM patients with a mean disease duration of 12.2 ± 6.0 years characterized by very good glycemic control (mean HbA1c 6.9 ± 0.7%, 52 mmol/mol) and 20 healthy men. There were no difference in age (25.3 ± 5.4 vs. 24.3 ± 2.5, p = 0.91), and BMI ( 23.9 ± 2.3 versus 22.8 ± 2.0, p = 0.15) between groups. At baseline patients with T1DM had an increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (Table 1). At 60 minutes and 24 hours after the test, T1DM patients had a higher level of myoglobin, LDH and zonulin compared to healthy men (Table 1). In summary, T1DM male patients seems to be more prone to muscle and intestinal damage after the exercise with PEC. Disclosure &. Tota: None. B. Matejko: Other Relationship; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Roche Diabetes Care. M. Morawska: None. S. Mrozinska: Other Relationship; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. T. Klupa: Advisory Panel; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Ypsomed Group, Employee; Spouse/Partner; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Bioton S. A., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. M. Malecki: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Medtronic, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Merck & Co., Inc., Mundipharma International, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier Laboratories. Funding Minister of Science and Higher Education (022/RID/2018/19)

The aim of the work was to develop an easy-to-follow protocol for designing novel functional products with the addition of food industry by-products using design thinking techniques. As a result, a 12-step protocol has been designed and presented. The protocol consists of steps from the initial formation of the design team, through all the stages of the production and prototyping, until establishing the final storage conditions and creating final documentation. The protocol has been validated and explained using a case study in which a fish industry by-product hydrolysate with bioactive properties was used to develop a novel functional food product for physically active people: a date bar with carp meat and carp skin gelatin hydrolysate. Following the 12 steps presented in the protocol resulted in developing a food product with high nutritional value and antioxidant power which remains stable during storage at reduced temperatures. Moreover, the product is characterized by good sensory qualities and can be easily implemented into full-scale production. The newly designed protocol is an easy-to-follow method that could be used in almost any kind of food industry sector to sucesfully develop user-focused functional food products with by-product addition.

One of the main reasons for the development of many diabetes complications is chronic hyperglycemia, which results in a number of mechanisms generating excessive production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and cause of avalanche growth of free radicals. Excessive production of ROS in the body or insufficient antioxidative barrier of the body can lead to intracellular damage. Intense physical exertion, may also violate the dynamic balance of prooxidants and antioxidants. The aim of the study was to verify the level of prooxidative-antioxidative balance in men with type 1 diabetes versus control group after maximum intensity exercise. The study included 30 men with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pumps aged 23.4 ± 5.1 with 11.4 ± 6.0 years of diabetes duration and mean HbA1c 7.2 ± 0.9%. 23 healthy men aged 24.7 ± 2.9 years were included in the control group. The march-running test on the treadmill to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was performed. Before and 60 minutes after the test total antioxidant status TAS (Immundiagnostik AG ImAnOx test, KC5200) and total prooxidative status TOS (test by Immundiagnostik AG PerOx, KC5100) in plasma were measured. The average level of VO2max (44.7 ± 5.7 vs. 56.0 ± 7.3) in the group of people with diabetes was significantly lower (p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Both before and after maximum exercise higher values of TOS levels (p = 0.000) was observed in patients with T1DM. The level of TAS before exercise was comparable in both groups, whereas after exercise it was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.0000). In the diabetic group after maximum effort a decrease while in the control group a slight increase in TAS level was observed (p = 0.0174). The TOS/TAS [%] ratio was significantly higher both before and after the maximum effort in the T1DM group. Results of our study underline importance of increase oxidative stress in T1DM patients accompanying intense exercise. Disclosure B. Matejko: Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. &. Tota: None. M. Morawska: None. S. Mrozinska: Other Relationship; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. W. Pilch: None. T. Palka: None. B. Kiec-Wilk: None. M. Malecki: None. T. Klupa: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Ascensia Diabetes Care. Funding Polish Diabetes Association (2017); University of Physical Education (185/BS/INB/2018)

Gelatine hydrolysates are of increasing interest as potential ingredients used in various health-promoting functional foods. Cyprinus carpio skin gelatine hydrolysates can be a potential source of bioactive peptides with antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the potential use of a carp skin gelatine hydrolysate with proven antioxidant properties as a bioactive compound in functional foods as well as its stability under various processing conditions. The analysis of the hydrolysate included its characterisation (ζ-potential, particle size distribution), solubility, antioxidant ability and stability (DPPH, FRAP, chelating properties) under various conditions (heating, pH and NaCl). Additionally, an analysis of residual environmental pollutants (heavy metals, dioxins and pesticides) was also conducted. The hydrolysate had high solubility over a range of pH values from 2 to 12 (84%-98%), and its antioxidant properties remained stable in low concentration NaCl solutions as well as after being heated at temperatures between 40 and 100 °C. The hydrolysate was not contaminated with heavy metals, dioxins or pesticides. According to our study, carp skin hydrolysates can be incorporated into food processing systems without significant loss of their antioxidant activities.

The influence of pre-treatment method on the characteristics and gel properties of gelatine from Cyprinus carpio L. skin was studied. Gelatine was extracted from the carp skin using three methods: (I) NaCl pre-treatment, (II) NaOH and ethanol pre-treatment and (III) NaOH, H2SO4, C6H8O7 pre-treatment. The chemical composition and functional properties of gelatine were investigated. The gelatines had high protein (75.86–82.44%) and relatively high fat contents (3.99–10.02%). Electrophoresis showed that gelatines I and III contained α- and β-chains as the predominant components, while in gelatine I the distinctive bands corresponding to the main components of collagen were not observed. Amino acids analysis revealed high proline and hydroxyproline content in all the gelatines. The gel strength of gelatine III was higher than gelatines I and II. Gelatine I remained in a liquid state during the experiment. Moreover, the pre-treatment of carp skin significantly affected the colour, pH as well as foam-forming, amino-acids composition, water-binding and fat-binding properties. Gelatine III was the only gelatine with properties sufficient for industrial applications. The results indicate that C. carpio L. skin by-products can be utilised to extract gelatine with potential industrial application as an alternative source to the mammalian gelatine.

Carp skin gelatine hydrolysate (CSGH) may be a possible bioactive peptide source, as promising antioxidant properties have been noted during in vivo testing. Hence, the present study focused on improving the bioavailability of the antioxidant peptides from CSGH and on the use of furcellaran (FUR), which can protect the biopeptides during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this study, microcapsules coated with furcellaran and containing CSGH cores were prepared. The structural properties of the sample were determined using FT-IR and SEM analysis. The antioxidant properties of hydrolysate, uncoated, and encapsulated samples were investigated. In vivo analysis included determination of its safety in an animal organism and evaluation of the lipid profile, antioxidant blood status, and mRNA expression of some genes involved in antioxidant status in Wistar rats. The results showed no adverse effects of microencapsulated protein hydrolysates in laboratory animals. Nonetheless, there was a statistically significant rise in the level of total antioxidant status blood serum among animals consuming CSGH and not inducing oxidative stress. This can be viewed as a promising indication of the positive effects of antioxidant properties tested in vivo. The process of CSGH microencapsulation in FUR cause a decrease in antioxidant hydrolysate activity, both in vitro, as well as in healthy Wistar rats. When considering the results of the presented diverse therapeutic potential, further research on CSGH being a potential bioactive peptide source used as a functional food or nutraceutical, but with a different microencapsulation coating, is encouraged.

The aim of the paper was to assess indicators of muscle and intestinal damage in triathletes. The study involved 15 triathletes whose objective for the season was to start in the XTERRA POLAND 2017 event (1,500-m swimming, 36-km cycling, and 10-km mountain running). Before the 14-week preparatory period, the competitors' body composition was measured, aerobic capacity was tested (graded treadmill test) and blood samples were collected to determine markers showing the level of muscle and intestinal damage. Subsequent tests for body composition were carried out before and after the competition. Blood samples for biochemical indicators were collected the day before the competition, after the completed race, and 24 and 48 hours later. A significant decrease in body mass was observed after completing the race (-3.1±1.5%). The mean maximal oxygen uptake level among the studied athletes equalled 4.9±0.4 L·min-1, 58.8±4.5 mL·kg-1·min-1. The significant increase in concentrations of cortisol, c-reactive protein and myoglobin after the competition, significantly correlated with the significant increase in zonulin concentration (post 1h: r = 0.88, p = 0.007, r = 0,79, p = 0.001, r = 0.78, p = 0.001, and post 12h: r = 0.75, p = 0.01, r = 0.71, p = 0.011, r = 0.83, p = 0.02). No significant changes in the concentration of tumour necrosis factor alpha among the examined competitors were noted at following stages of the study. The results of our research showed that in order to monitor overload in the training of triathletes, useful markers reflecting the degree of muscle and intestinal damage include cortisol, testosterone, testosterone to cortisol ratio, c-reactive protein, myoglobin and zonulin. Changes in muscle cell damage markers strongly correlated with changes in zonulin concentration at particular stages of the study. Thus, one can expect that the concentrations of markers depicting the level of muscle cell damage after an intense and long-lasting effort will significantly influence the level of the intestinal barrier.

The aim of the study was the selection of food grade, an inexpensive and commercially available enzyme that would allow to obtain a hydrolysate from carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin gelatin with the highest antioxidant activity. Moreover, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of pH temperature and incubation duration of the hydrolysis on protein degradation, free amino acids and antioxidant properties of the obtained hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates obtained from carp skin gelatin using Protamex show potent antioxidant properties, which differed depending on the hydrolysis parameters. The hydrolysis parameters significantly influenced the free amino acid profiles as well as protein depolymerization and antioxidant properties of the hydrolysates. The acquired hydrolysates showed very potent antioxidant properties (FRAP value of 5.12 μM Trolox/mg) and a high degree of the depolymerized protein (27.73%). Furthermore, there was a clear positive correlation between the pH of the hydrolysis and the metal chelating activity of the hydrolysate, with all the hydrolysates produced at pH 6 exhibiting no metal chelating activity, while hydrolysates produced at pH 8 showed metal chelating activity. The carp skin gelatin hydrolysates with the highest antioxidant properties were obtained using Protamex at pH 7 and a temperature of 50 °C for 3 h.