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Introduction: Sensory and motor dysfunction is one of the major determinants of pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord dysfunction. In the absence of effective local treatment, surgical intervention is a radical method of treating pressure injuries and is indicated in deep, penetrating wounds. Achieving the expected treatment results while reducing their costs, as well as reducing the length of hospitalization, is possible by implementing a preoperative care model based on the concept of patient-centred care (PCC) and/or patient's family-centred care (PFCC). The aim was to develop a model of patient care with a surgically treated pressure ulcer based on the concept of PCC and/or PFCC. Material and methods: The literature on the concept of PCC and the treatment of pressure injuries was reviewed. Selected national (Termedia) and global (PubMed, Medline) databases were searched using the keywords "surgical treatment of pressure injuries, decubitus ulcer, professional care". Based on the collected material, an attempt was made to develop a model of care for a patient with surgical management of pressure ulcers. Conclusions: Sensory and motor dysfunctions associated with spinal cord dysfunction pose a high risk of developing deep penetrating pressure sores. The treatment process may require the use of radical reconstructive surgery, for which the patient should be prepared and motivated to work for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femoral neck fracture is an unusual complication of intramedullary fixation of a broken femur. We report on two cases of femoral neck fractures attributed to misplacement of an end cup and subsequent invasive maneuvers in an effort to remove it. Iatrogenic fractures of the femoral neck during or after intramedullary nailing are reported in the medical literature. Authors associate it with many possible technical mistakes performed during the procedure, yet no complications after missed end cup placement were noted. We suggest that the fractures described below were a consequence of injury to the vascular supply and bone stock of the initially intact femoral neck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Sunlight is the major source of the energy on Earth. Visible light, ultraviolet and infrared radiation are necessary to sustain life on our planet. However, besides the range of positive effects, such as photosynthesis in plants, warmth, vision, and synthesis of vitamin D, sunlight may also be responsible for negative biologic effects - sunburn, induction of photodermatoses or carcinogenesis. Ultraviolet is regarded as the major environmental, physical hazard to the human skin., Abbreviated Description of the State of Knowledge: The acute clinical effect of ultraviolet involves melanogenesis, i.e. tanning, which protects from sunburn if exposure is overdosed. A single exposure, as well as acute suberythemal irradiation, suppresses sensitization of the contact hypersensitivity. The chronic biological effects are photoageing and skin cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Vitamin D synthesis is regarded as a benefit of natural acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet. Ultraviolet also plays an important role in aetiology of the group of disorders characterized by photosensitivity. On the other hand ultraviolet is a known inducer of immunosuppression in the skin; therefore, phototherapy is a therapeutic option for patients with activation of dermal immunity., Summary: Without sunlight, the existence of life on Earth is not possible. On the other hand, UVR radiation is regarded as representing one of the most important environmental hazards for human skin. For a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the influence of UVR on human skin, and the most dangerous chronic effects of carcinogenesis, it is necessary to undertake some protective activities. Moreover, UVR may become our ally in the treatment of selected skin disorders.

Background: Calcaneal fractures are the most common of all tarsal fractures, with the majority being the result of high energy injuries causing comminution of bone and lesions of the posterior articular surface. If the bone fragments are left dislocated or non-operative reduction is attempted, the outcome is poor, often with chronic disability. On the other hand, operative treatment does not always lead to a good result and there is an inherent risk of devastating complications., Material and Methods: During a 3-year period (2002-2005) the authors treated operatively (by open reduction and internal fixation) 23 dislocated calcaneal fractures involving the posterior calcaneotalar joint. A control group of 12 patients was treated non-operatively or using minimally invasive techniques. Medium-term results were compared by evaluating the Bohler and Gissane angles and the shape of the posterior calcaneal articular surface on radiographs (lateral and Broden views), while functional outcomes were rated according to the Creighton-Nebraska scale. Complications not included into this scheme were noted., Results: Both anatomic and functional results were markedly better in the group treated with open reduction and internal fixation. In this group, there were three cases of infectious complications that were attributed to the surgical procedure, while in the other group, two such cases were associated with open fractures. Both groups developed clawing of the toes. The quality of reduction was always unsatisfactory in the non-operative group., Conclusions: 1. Complications of calcaneal fractures significantly worsen the therapeutic outcome. 2. Proper care based on meticulous evaluation of the foot in the early period is crucial for reducing the incidence of complications.

Healing of fractured long bones is faster in patients with coexisting brain injury. This phenomenon has been observed for many years but it is not clearly explained. So far it has not been settled if the problem has its origin in Central Nervous System or represents systemic response on a severe trauma. The following article presents the literature review concerning this issue.

This article presents the review of the achievement and progress in fracture treatment from ancient ages till XXth century. There was shown the development of the conservative treatment - creating the suitable immobilizing splints, casts and the first surgical procedures, equipment, plates, screws, nails for the osteosynthesis. Besides there were presented the first observations and remarks of former researcher on biology of the fracture healing process.