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The family of finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4 is determined, as a by-product all finite local Frobenius non-chain rings with p5 elements (p a prime) and nilpotency index 4 are given. And the number and structure of γ-constacyclic codes over those rings, of length relatively prime to the characteristic of the residue field of the ring, are determined.

Lydia Lera, Cecilia Albala, Bárbara Leyton, Carlos Márquez, Bárbara Angel, Rodrigo Saguez, Hugo Sánchez Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Aim: This study was aimed to set reference values of hand-grip strength by age and sex and validate cut points for risk of functional limitation and mortality in older Chileans.Methods: This was a pooled analysis of four studies including 6,426 people ≥60 years of nondependent community-dwelling Chileans. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 5,250 subjects, from whom 2,193 were followed to study all-cause mortality associated with low hand-grip strength. Face-to-face interviews registering sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported chronic diseases, and functional limitations were conducted. Anthropometric measurements and observed mobility were performed by trained professionals. Hand-grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer T-18 (Country Technology, Inc.) before 2008 or with JAMAR brand from 2008 onwards. Percentiles were calculated through descriptive analysis and quantile regression models for specific groups of age and sex. Adjusted Cox regression hazard models for mortality risk according to low dynamometry condition and covariates were developed.Results: We deliver reference values of hand-grip strength for older Chileans proposing the 25th percentile as the cut-off point for low dynamometry risk: men ≤27 kg, women ≤15 kg. Low hand-grip strength was associated with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living limitations (p=0.001), and altered physical performance evaluated through the Timed Up and Go test (p=0.0001), grasping (p=0.001), bending (p

Cecilia Albala,1 Lydia Lera,1 Hugo Sanchez,1 Barbara Angel,1 Carlos Márquez,1 Patricia Arroyo,2 Patricio Fuentes2 1Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, 2Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Background: Age-associated brain physiologic decline and reduced mobility are key elements of increased age-associated vulnerability.Objective: To study the frequency of frailty phenotype and its association with mental health and survival in older Chileans.Methods: Follow-up of ALEXANDROS cohorts designed to study disability associated with obesity in community-dwelling people 60 years and older living in Santiago, Chile. At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participants were identified as having the frailty phenotype: weak handgrip dynamometry, unintentional weight loss, fatigue/exhaustion, five chair-stands/slow walking speed and difficulty walking (low physical activity). After 10–15 years, 1,298 people were evaluated and 373 had died. Information regarding deaths was available for the whole sample.Results: The prevalence of frailty at baseline (≥3 criteria) in the whole sample was 13.9% (women 16.4%; men 8.7%) and the pre-frailty prevalence (1–2 criteria) was 63.8% (65.0% vs 61.4%), respectively. Frailty was associated with cognitive impairment (frail 48.1%; pre-frail 21.7%; nonfrail 20.5%, P

This research analyses what happens when a critical reading activity based on a press article dealing with an energy-related problem is implemented with two groups of students of 13-14 years old and 16-17 years old in the same school (a total of 117 students). Specifically, the research analyses the students' profiles from the standpoint of their attitudes to the information given in the news story and the use they make of it when writing an argumentative text. It also analyses the difficulties the students have when it comes to applying their knowledge about energy in a real-life context. Lastly, some strategies are suggested for helping students to critically analyse the scientific content of a newspaper article. Three reader profiles were identified (the credulous reader, the ideological reader and the critical reader). No significant differences were found in reading profiles in terms of age or scientific knowledge. The findings show that the activity helped to link science learning in school with facts relating to an actual context, particularly in the case of students with more science knowledge.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging approach for treating recurrent head and neck cancers (HNCs) and uses various fractionation schemes. However, limited data exists comparing the biologically effective doses (BEDs) of SBRT fractionation schemes and patient outcomes. Here, we hypothesized that higher BED was associated with improved survival in HNC patients treated with SBRT. Utilizing the National Cancer Database, we identified 455 M0 patients with HNC treated with SBRT. SBRT was defined as a total dose of 20-50 Gy delivered in ≤ 6 fractions ranging from 5-10 Gy per fraction. BEDs were calculated using an α/β ratio of 10. Factors associated with BED were analyzed using logistic regression, and patients were stratified into BED < 50 Gy (BED50; n = 181), 50-80 Gy (BED50-80; n = 196), and > 80 Gy (BED80; n = 78). Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models. The most commonly treated sites included oropharynx (38.2%), oral cavity (22.0%), and larynx (14.7%), with the remainder of sites being hypopharynx, nasopharynx, paranasal sinus, and salivary. There was no difference in sex, HPV-status, performance status, T-stage, N-stage, or use of surgery or chemotherapy across groups. Of note, 110 patients (24.2%) underwent surgery prior to radiation. Median follow-up duration was 11.1 months (m). Multivariate analysis revealed survival associations with BED50-80 (HR = 0.70, p = 0.007), surgery (HR = 0.56, p = 0.001), age > 70y (HR = 1.74, p = 0.049), N-stage 2-3 (HR = 1.41, p = 0.022) and performance status (Charlson–Deyo 2 vs 0–1: HR = 2.19, p = 0.003). In patients not undergoing surgery, higher BEDs correlated with improved median survival (BED50 = 7.8m vs. BED50-80 = 14.6m vs. BED80 = 10.1m; P = 0.0001). Conversely, patients treated with initial surgery showed no survival improvement with increasing BED (p = 0.4503). In HNC patients, higher BEDs in SBRT regimens were associated with enhanced survival among those with intact disease, in contrast to the absence of a survival advantage in surgically resected patients. These findings suggest that higher-dose SBRT regimens are critical for intact disease, while adjuvant SBRT regimens do not require dose escalation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albala C, Lera L, Sanchez H, Angel B, Márquez C, Arroyo P, Fuentes P. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:995–1001. On page 995, Abstract, Methods section, the following text is incorrect “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participants were identified as having the frailty phenotype” The correct text is “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participants had the necessary measurements for the identification of the frailty phenotype”. On page 996, Methods section, the following text is incorrect “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,389 participating subjects were identified as having the frailty phenotype”. The correct text is “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participating subjects had the necessary measurements for the identification of the frailty phenotype”.Read the original article.

Fruits of soursop (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) were evaluated at different ripening stages to determine the changes in their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solid content, percentage of acidity, pH, and ripeness index. The change in volatile compounds were determined through Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The volatile compounds were identified through the comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties against the ones exhibited by reference substances. The sensorial quality factors showed values that changed according to the ripening stage. It was established that the ester levels, particularly those from C6, C4, and C8 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, increased with ripening. C6 aliphatic compounds, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenal, were observed to be the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, methyl hexanoate and methyl (E)-2-hexenoate were the main volatile in ripe, overripe and half ripe fruits. The overripe stage was characterized by an increase in the ethyl acetate, methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate levels, and the appearance of butanoic and hexanoic aliphatic acids. These facts could be used as an indicator of the beginning of the fermentation stage and the loss of fruit sensory quality.Los frutos de guanábana (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) en diferentes estados de madurez se evaluaron para determinar las características fisico-químicas: sólidos solubles totales, porcentaje de acidez, pH e índice de madurez. Los cambios en la composición de los compuestos volátiles se determinaron mediante la técnica de Espacio de Cabeza-Microextracción en Fase Sólida y el posterior análisis por Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Los compuestos volátiles se identificaron por comparación de sus propiedades cromatográficas y espectrales con sustancias de referencia. Los factores de calidad sensorial mostraron valores que variaron con el estado de madurez. Además, se estableció que la cantidad de ésteres, especialmente los provenientes de los ácidos C6, C4 y C8, saturados e insaturados, se incrementaron con la maduración. Los compuestos alifáticos C6, como el (Z)-3-hexenol y el (Z)-3-hexenal, fueron los volátiles mayoritarios en la fruta verde; en tanto que el hexanoato de metilo y el (E)-2-hexenoato de metilo, fueron los más abundantes en las frutas maduras, sobremaduras y de madurez intermedia. En la sobremaduración aumentó la concentración de acetato de etilo, butanoato de metilo y butanoato de etilo; y aparecieron los ácidos alifáticos butanoico y hexanoico, los cuales pueden ser indicadores del inicio de la etapa fermentativa y de la pérdida de la calidad sensorial de la fruta.

Se estima que en Chile, hasta marzo de 2008 se han efectuado 637 trasplantes hepáticos ortotópicos (THO), siendo la principal causa la cirrosis hepática. Según estadísticas norteamericanas, en el año 2006 existían 3000 mujeres con THO en edad reproductiva. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 25 años, trasplantada hepática hace 6 años, en terapia inmunosupresora, con buen resultado materno-perinatal.Until March 2008, Chile had 637 orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the main cause was liver cirrhosis. According to US statistics, in 2006 there were 3000 women of reproductive age with OLT. We report a 25-year-old, liver transplant six years ago in immunosuppressive therapy, with good maternal and perinatal outcome.

Effect of two edible coatings on the quality of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica T.) from Callosa d'En Sarria (Spain) is studied. The coatings are prepared with commercial solutions of chitosan (0,6%) and sucroester fatty acids (1%), that are applied to fruit at fully-ripe stage, and stored at 20°C and 90% RH for 16 days. Gas chromatography is used to find the rate of respiration and ethylene production. Firmness is determined with a universal machine (Instron Machine Model 4302, Canton Mass, USA®). Physiological weight loss is measured gravimetrically, and a panel of trained judges assesses sensory quality. Results display that chitosan is more efficient reducing weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production. Both substances contribute to maintain flesh firmness, organoleptic characteristics and the fruits presentation.Se estudia el efecto de dos recubrimientos comestibles sobre la calidad de frutos de níspero (Eriobotrya japonica T.) procedentes de Callosa d'En Sarriá (España). Los recubrimientos se preparan a partir de soluciones comerciales de quitosano (0,6%) y sucroéster de ácidos grasos (1%) que se aplican a frutos cosechados en madurez de consumo, los cuales se almacenan durante 16 días a 20&176;C y 90% de HR. La cromatografía gaseosa se usa para encontrar la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno, la firmeza se precisa con una máquina universal Instron Machine-Modelo 4302, Canton Mass, USA®, la pérdida fisiológica de peso se determina gravimétricamente y la calidad sensorial la establece un panel de jueces entrenados. Los resultados muestran que el quitosano es más eficiente en reducir la pérdida fisiológica de peso, la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno. Ambas sustancias contribuyen a mantener la firmeza de la pulpa, las características organolépticas y la presentación de los frutos.

Se cosechan frutos de uchuva en grado de madurez de consumo en tres tiempos diferentes, se caracterizan físico-química y sensorialmente. Se realizan análisis de medidas repetidas con estructura de varianzascovarianzas autoregresiva heterogénea de primer orden, estableciendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0,05) para las variables aroma, textura bucal y sabor. Para el programa de fitomejoramiento las características físico-químicas y organolépticas de las accesiones estudiadas son similares al testigo comercial; por lo tanto, se espera que los cruzamientos entre ellas no demeriten estos aspectos.Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They are evaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariance structure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statistically significant differences (p0,05) for aroma, texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program of the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Therefore it is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.

Tomates de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt) fueron sometidos a carga de compresión unidireccional, utilizando un texturómetro TA.XT2i. Los ensayos se realizaron según dos sentido de carga (longitudinal y transversal) y cuatro velocidades (1,3,6,9 mm/s). Los resultados mostraron que la fuerza de fractura es independiente de la dirección de la carga, con un promedio de 1,71 N (16,77 kgf) y de su velocidad de aplicación. Igualmente, los tiempos de fractura se reducen cuando se incrementa la velocidad de la carga.