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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mechanism underlying the conversion is not fully explored. Construction and inter‐cohort validation of imaging biomarkers for predicting MCI conversion is of great challenge at present, due to lack of longitudinal cohorts and poor reproducibility of various study‐specific imaging indices. We proposed a novel framework for inter‐cohort MCI conversion prediction, involving comparison of structural, static, and dynamic functional brain features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) between MCI converters (MCI_C) and non‐converters (MCI_NC), and support vector machine for construction of prediction models. A total of 218 MCI patients with 3‐year follow‐up outcome were selected from two independent cohorts: Shanghai Memory Study cohort for internal cross‐validation, and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort for external validation. In comparison with MCI_NC, MCI_C were mainly characterized by atrophy, regional hyperactivity and inter‐network hypo‐connectivity, and dynamic alterations characterized by regional and connectional instability, involving medial temporal lobe (MTL), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and occipital cortex. All imaging‐based prediction models achieved an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7 in both cohorts, with the multi‐modality MRI models as the best with excellent performances of AUC > 0.85. Notably, the combination of static and dynamic fMRI resulted in overall better performance as relative to static or dynamic fMRI solely, supporting the contribution of dynamic features. This inter‐cohort validation study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of MCI conversion involving brain dynamics, and paves a way for clinical use of structural and functional MRI biomarkers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large eddy simulation was employed to simulate the effects of different vane angles of the primary and pilot stages on the ignition process of a combustor under normal temperature and pressure conditions. The simulation results of different vane angles of the pilot stage were then verified experimentally. Kernel initiation and flame propagation in the cases of ignition success and failure were analysed. It was found that in the ignition failure case, the flame kernels are confined to the downstream zones of the venturi and cannot propagate radially, and almost no negative displacement exists in the axial direction. However, in the ignition success case, sub-fire kernels are always present outside the radial boundary of the primary stage. Five ignition modes were finally proposed: (I1) typical ignition, (I2) relatively high-speed ignition, (I3) single-kernel alternating dominant, (I4) main kernel dominant, and (I5) dual-kernel dominant modes. Using high-speed photography, the flame shape changes and ignition characteristics in the cases of successful and failed ignition with different pilot-stage vane angles were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-earth doped phosphors have received growing interest in the luminescence field, and hold great potential for lighting and display backlight applications. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of white light-emitting diodes requires the development of a cost-effective and high-performance red phosphor, which is still a significant challenge. In this paper, Eu3+ doped Ba3Na0.32Nb6O12(Si2O7)2 red phosphors were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state method. The structure and phase purity of the samples were analyzed in detail by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), structure refinement and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Under 395 nm excitation, the phosphor exhibited an intense red emission due to the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions. Through decay curve measurements, it is found that the decay time corresponding to the double-exponential equation decreased with the increase of activator concentration. Theoretical calculations showed that the quadrupole–quadrupole interaction played a dominant role in concentration quenching. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the phosphor were (0.6436, 0.3556) and the color purity reached 92.07%, indicating that the sample has high color purity. In addition, the temperature-dependent intensity was investigated in detail. The results demonstrated that Ba3Na0.32Nb6O12(Si2O7)2:Eu3+ is a potential red-emitting phosphor for near-ultraviolet based white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background With the precipice decline of the birth population and the successive adjustment of the fertility policy in China, it is inevitable to re-examine the breadth and depth of maternal and infant health care services. Also, it has posed great challenges to the community health service institutions, which are the important suppliers of maternal and infant health care services. Objective To investigate the current status of maternal and infant health services in Shanghai communities, in order to provide suggestions and evidence for upgrading the level of primary care services for mothers and infants. Methods From August 2022 to April 2023, using purposive sampling method, the study selected 5 community health centers in the central district of Shanghai, in which in-depth personal interviews were conducted with 10 maternal and infant health service providers during participatory observation; organized a focus group interview with 12 primary health workers in the urban-rural fringe areas. In addition, 8 obstetrics staff from tertiary hospitals participating the construction of obstetrics and gynecology medical consortium, were invited to conduct 2 focus group interviews to obtain information from different perspectives. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results A total of 4 themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted: (1) some health care projects are poorly implemented (inadequate mental health care, ineffective contraceptive guidance, and difficulties in implementation of traditional Chinese medicine health care) ; (2) health talent team construction needs to be strengthened (inadequate human resources, limited professional knowledge and skills, poor motivation to work, and little role of the family physician teams) ; (3) the implementation process is challenging (difficulty in cross-district management and low participation of residents) ; (4) the services integration need to be improved (deviation in the positioning of higher-level medical institutions and insufficient coordination among agencies) . Conclusion At present, maternal and infant health care in Shanghai communities is still facing various challenges. It is necessary to make full use of the opportunity of medical union construction to strengthen talent training and establish an innovative human resource management model. At the same time, when strengthening the top-level design and clarifying the division of tasks between the various tiers of medical institutions, the performance assessment and incentive mechanism should be improved to truly stimulate the morale and service enthusiasm of community maternal and infant health service providers. Multiple measures should be taken to effectively enhance the quality of service and meet the needs of current health care tasks.

With the development of solid-state lighting, full-spectrum lighting has gradually received extensive attention. Until now, Bi3+-doped narrow-band blue phosphors have been widely reported, but broadband green-yellow Bi3+-doped luminescent materials generated by metal-to-metal charge transfer have been rarely reported. In this study, a Bi3+ ion doped germanate luminescent material CsAlGe2O6:x%Bi3+ (1 ≤ x ≤ 11) is synthesized by a high-temperature sintering method. The phosphor can generate a broad green-yellow band peaking at 535 nm with a full width at half maximum of 165 nm under ultraviolet radiation. Through the analysis of the coordination environment, photoluminescence spectra and decay curves, the broadband emission spectra of Bi3+ ions are proved to be generated by the metal-to-metal charge transfer state and the 3P1 → 1S0 transition. By using theoretical research, luminescence kinetics, and Gaussian fitting, the luminescence mechanism of Bi3+ is examined. Meanwhile, the high quantum efficiency and superior thermal stability prove that the phosphor can be used as an efficient luminescent material in the field of full-spectrum LED devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for acquiring complete status information and data from the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) transmitter during offshore experiments. The subordinate machine system is constructed on the STM32 platform and incorporates a real-time operating system. It utilizes the internet of things (IoT) concept to interconnect various modules within the transmitter, enabling intelligent control and management. At the same time, data are uploaded to the control room on the deck through photoelectric composite cables, and the host computer's software, designed with Python language, will process and store all the data. This allows workers on the deck to control the subordinate computer and obtain high-precision, complete data in real time. The joint tests between the subordinate and host computers have demonstrated the stability and reliability of the online transmitter system, which provides significant convenience for offshore exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of Eu3+ doped double perovskite phosphors Ba9La2W4O24:xEu3+ (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state method. The phase purity and morphology features of phosphors were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rietveld refinement was also executed and the results indicated that the cation site could provide a relative symmetrical environment, which will induce a large orange/red emission ratio. When excited by n-UV light, the phosphors could emit bright orange-red light with the strongest peak at 592 nm corresponding to the 5D0–7F1 transition. The optimal doping concentration of Eu3+ ions was x = 0.8 and the photoluminescence quantum yield could reach 82.9%. The concentration quenching effect was calculated to be dominated by the dipole–dipole interaction and transient spectrum results also gave direct evidence of the concentration quenching. At the operating temperature of the LED (145 °C), the photoluminescence emission intensity can still reach 97.16% at room temperature. The abnormal thermal quenching behavior was demonstrated to be compensated by electrons captured by traps. The satisfactory CIE coordinates, high color purity and strong emission intensity indicated that BLWO:0.8Eu3+ was a potential red phosphor for WLEDs with broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]