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Abstract Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.), an important food and industrial crop in the world, has a highly heterozygous hexaploid genome, making the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers challenging. Identifying SNP loci and developing practical SNP markers are crucial for genomic and genetic research on sweetpotato. A restriction site-associated DNA sequencing analysis of 60 sweetpotato accessions in this study yielded about 7.97 million SNPs. Notably, 954 candidate SNPs were obtained from 21,681 high-quality SNPs. Based on their stability and polymorphism, 274 kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were then developed and uniformly distributed on chromosomes. The 274 KASP markers were used to genotype 93 sweetpotato accessions to evaluate their utility for assessing germplasm and analyzing genetic diversity and population structures. These markers had respective mean values of 0.24, 0.34, 0.31, and 0.25 for minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, gene diversity, and polymorphic information content (PIC). Their genetic pedigree led to the division of all accessions into three primary clusters, which were found to be both interrelated and independent. Finally, 74 KASP markers with PIC values greater than 0.35 were selected as core markers. These markers were used to construct the DNA fingerprints of 93 sweetpotato accessions and were able to differentiate between all accessions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at the development and application of KASP markers in sweetpotato. However, due to sweetpotato’s polyploidy, heterozygosity and the complex genome, the KASP marker conversion rate in this study was relatively low. To improve the KASP marker conversion rate, and accuracies in SNP discovery and marker validation, further studies including more accessions from underrepresented regions are needed in sweetpotato.

Carbon materials have high specific surface area，high dielectric constant，and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity characteristics，and BaTiO3 has excellent dielectric properties. The combation of the two materials can effectively prevent and control electromagnetic pollution. In view of this，the BaTiO3/PAN nanofiber film was prepared by electrospinning method，and then the BaTiO3/carbon nanofiber mesh composite absorbing fabric was obtained by pre-oxidation and high temperature carbonization treatment. The nanofiber film prepared has the advantages of light，thin and wide bandwidth absorption. The results show that 2.0% BT/C has the best comprehensive performance，the carbon fiber arrangement is dense，the BaTiO3 crystal form is complete and well dispersed，and the reflection loss at 2.3 mm reaches −61.72 dB，and the maximum absorption bandwidth reaches 8.5 GHz，which has excellent wave absorption.

C18H22N5O2·C7H4ClO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.9188(2) Å, b = 10.8391(2) Å, c = 25.9295(5) Å, V = 2506.65(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0357, wRref (F 2) = 0.1085, T = 293(2) K.

High Mach flight has put forward more stringent requirements for the material and structure design of new generation of high-speed vehicles. This paper reviews the application of ceramic matrix composites（CMCs） in the structural design of aircraft from the aspects of selection，application，and evaluation，and then the future development direction is put forward to provide reference for aircraft ceramic matrix composite structure design. The selection criteria and corresponding preparation methods of CMCs in different application scenarios are comprehensively reviewed，the typical applications of CMCs in aircraft structures are systematically introduced，and the evaluation criteria and ground test methods of the materials under near-service conditions are analyzed. To order to meet the future demands of aircraft，it is necessary to integrate computer-aided optimization technology and innovative preparation methods to enhance the temperature resistance and fatigue performance of CMCs. Developing highly reliable，long-life joining techniques and integrated design solutions will fully leverage the advantages of these materials. Additionally，in-situ characterization techniques under multi-physical field coupling need to be developed to obtain the performance evolution behaviour of CMCs in actual use，providing a reliable basis for the lightweight structural design of aircraft.

ObjectiveTo provide scientific support for the compilation of high-quality anti-nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) medical textbooks in China by retrieving books in the field of biological weapons defense in China, summarizing the publication time and distribution of publishing institutions, and categorizing content and key points of related books.MethodsRelevant subject terms in the field of biological weapons defense were searched through the official website of China National Digital Library and other websites, up until December 31, 2023, and were limited to books. Topic analysis was conducted on the introductions and contents of the books using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The number of topics was determined based on perplexity, and topics were identified according to the intertopic distance map, followed by a qualitative description of the core content of each topic.ResultsA total of 104 books were included in this study, among which four were identified as higher educational textbooks. The volume of publications increased during the periods 2002‒2004 and 2020‒2023. Research institutions accounted for the highest percentage of publishers (37.78%), and 56.67% of the publishers were military institutions. The study identified six topics: "distribution, defense, and response to biological weapons", "category, diagnosis, and treatment of biological warfare agents", "response to biological public health emergencies", "status of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons internationally", "biosafety risk management and prevention and control", and "technologies and equipment related to biological hazard identification".ConclusionThere are few books in the field of biological weapons defense in China and the content is relatively outdated. In the future, the preparation of teaching materials should be aimed at practical emergency handling techniques for biological weapons, enhance the emphasis on biological weapons detection and biological warfare early warning, improve the fundamental theories at different training levels, and timely update the current research status in the field.

C18H16Cl2N2O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.915(2) Å, b = 11.801(2) Å, c = 14.059(3) Å, β = 90.10(3)°, V = 1810.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0585, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1532, T = 293(2) K.

Abstract [Objective] This study aims to explore the mechanism of flower color formation in rose and to provide references and receptor cultivars for flower breeding by quantitative evaluation and correlation analysis of the physicochemical factors affecting coloration of rose petals. There is of great significance for exploring the mechanism of flower color formation and germplasm innovation. [Methods] 8 cultivars of rose with different flower colors were used as experimental materials to measure and compare the physicochemical indexes such as petal color parameter, pH value of petal cells, metal ion content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoids content, and total chlorophyll content, etc., and the anthocyanin components were quantitatively analyzed. [Results] (1) There were significant differences between the physicochemical factors of different flower color of roses, among which the factors such as pH value of petal cells, Fe3+ , Ca2+ and Al3+ content, total anthocyanin content, and total flavonoid content were closely related to the formation of petal color, but the changes in the content of total flavonoids and total anthocyanin played direct roles, and the factors such as metal ions and pH value of petal cells affected the flower color by changing the structure of anthocyanidin. (2) The components of anthocyanins in petals of different roses were different. Among them, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside dominated in the roses and mainly regulated the formation of purplish-red flowers; followed by pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside, which mainly regulated the formation of orange and red flowers. Yellow flowers contained very little anthocyanin and were mainly regulated by carotenoids. Orange flowers were dually regulated by both anthocyanin and carotenoids, while white flowers contained almost no anthocyanin. Rutin was abundant in all 8 rose cultivars, but there was no significant correlation with petal formation. (3) Cluster analysis of anthocyanin components in 8 rose petals revealed that the pink-purple cultivar ‘Lavender Flower Circus’ was always clustered in a separate group with high rutin content and small anthocyanin content. [Conclusion] The type and content of anthocyanins directly affect flower color of rose, and flavonoids assist the formation of anthocyanin. Factors such as pH value of petal cells, Fe3+ , Ca2+ and Al3+ content indirectly affect flower color. Among the 8 selected cultivars of rose, the pink-purple cultivar ‘Lavender Flower Circus’ is the most suitable recipient cultivar for flower color improvement due to its excellent anthocyanin composition and high pH value in petal cells.

Objective To discuss the nursing strategy of dynamic navigation technology in the treatment of edentulous implantation with immediate restoration. Methods Totally 42 patients with edentulous jaws treated in First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were treated with implant-supported immediate restoration of edentulous jaws under dynamic navigation. Nursing care experience was analyzed. Results Through preoperative design and dynamic navigation-assisted surgery, all the patients achieved successful immediate restoration with accurate location of implants and no complication. All the implant were placed at the correct position and achieved good initial stability. Immediate fixation and repair were completed, with a complication rate of 1. 59% at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Dynamic navigation-assisted edentulous implantation requires nursing staff to get a good knowledge of related theories, appliance installment and software operation. Effective nursing plays important role in the treatment of dynamic navigation-assisted edentulous implantation. (回顾性分析基于以即刻修复为目标的动态导航下无牙颌种植手术的护理配合要点。方法 收集2019年1月—2023年5月收治的在动态导航系统引导下完成无牙颌种植手术伴即刻固定修复的42例患者的临床资料, 分析动态导航技术的应用情况及护理配合特点。结果 42例患者经过术前设计、术中导航均实现精确的种植体植入, 种植体就位率达100%, 并获得良好的初期稳定性, 完成即刻固定修复, 术后6个月并发症发生率为1. 59%。结论 动态导航辅助下的无牙颌种植手术需要护理人员熟练掌握动态导航理论知识、导航器械的安装使用及软件操作等相关技能, 做好充足的术前准备以及默契的术中护理配合, 以确保手术顺利完成。)

AbstractContext Fibroblast senescence was reported to contribute to the pathological development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and baicalein is reported to attenuate IPF.Objective This study explores whether baicalein attenuates lung fibrosis by regulating lung fibroblast senescence.Materials and methods Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly assigned to control, bleomycin (BLM), baicalein and BLM + baicalein groups. Lung fibrosis was established by a single intratracheal dose of BLM (3 mg/kg). The baicalein group received baicalein orally (100 mg/kg/day). Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) siRNA (50 μg) was injected through the tail vein once a week for 2 weeks to explore its effect on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis of baicalein.Results BLM-treated mice exhibited obvious lung fibrosis and fibroblast senescence by showing increased levels of collagen deposition (27.29% vs. 4.14%), hydroxyproline (208.05 vs. 40.16 ng/mg), collagen I (25.18 vs. 9.15 μg/mg), p53, p21, p16, MCP-1, PAI-1, TNF-α, MMP-10 and MMP-12 in lung tissues, which were attenuated by baicalein. Baicalein also mitigated BLM-mediated activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. Baicalein restored the BLM-induced downregulation of Sirt3 expression in lung tissues and silencing of Sirt3 abolished the inhibitory role of baicalein against BLM-induced lung fibrosis, fibroblast senescence and activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway.Conclusions Baicalein preserved the BLM-induced downregulation of lung Sirt3 expression, and thus the suppression of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and lung fibrosis, which might provide an experimental basis for treatment of IPF.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the drying efficiency and product quality of preserved apricot. Methods: The preserved apricots were dried using the rotary microwave oven (RMD) and the microwave coupled with convection dryer (MCD). The effect of microwave power, microwave emission mode, cutting and material movement on drying characteristics, the scorching rate, color and sensory quality were investigated and compared with traditional hot air drying (HD). Results: Compared with 1 040 min (16 pieces) and 840 min (48 pieces) of HD, the drying time was significantly shortened by microwave drying, ranging from 40 to 400 min. The drying time could be shorten by large pulse ratio, high power or large material size, and the longest drying time was in MCD temperature controlled microwave. Both RMD and MCD static drying caused serious charring phenomenon in apricots, with the char rate ranging from 17% to 100%, which was higher than that in static drying. However, the char phenomenon was avoided in MCD static drying, and the color value and sensory evaluation of apricots in MCD static drying were closest to HD. The rehydration ratio was only 3.45%~5.17% different from HD, and the highest sensory evaluation score (87.2 points) was obtained. Conclusion: MCD temperature-controlled static drying can be used as an efficient method for apricots.

C18H15ClN2O2S·C8H6O4, triclinic, P 1‾ $\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.4340(17) Å, b = 12.172(2) Å, c = 12.816(3) Å, α = 89.98(3)° $89.98(3){}^{\circ}$ , β = 77.41(3)° $77.41(3){}^{\circ}$ , γ = 72.52(3)° $72.52(3){}^{\circ}$ , V = 1221.7(5) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0482, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1344, T = 293 K.

Bupleuri Radix (BR) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a history of 2000 years of medicinal use. It is primarily used for heat-clearing, liver-soothing, Yang-ascending and sinking-reversing effects. It has huge clinical value in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and ethnomedicine. There are more than 200 species in the genus Bupleurum of the Apiaceae family, but their classification and taxonomy have not been unified and clarified. Numerous active compounds have been isolated and identified from BR, such as saikosaponins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, polyacetylenes, lignans, flavonoids and such like, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-depressant effects. This review provides an overview of the traditional use, germplasm identification, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of BR. The current research progress of BR is summarized and the innovation points are highlighted, aiming to provide baseline information and expert references for quality control and rational usage of BR in the post-pandemic era.

AbstractConsumers’ different aesthetic experience affects their choice of products, so how to construct product design features space based on consumers’ aesthetic experience, especially how to integrate traditional cultural elements into modern product design, has become one of the most effective ways to improve product design quality.Taking the innovative design of traditional Chinese Miao’s patterns on canvas bags as an example, this paper constructs the mapping relationship between consumers’ aesthetic experience and product feature space on the basis of analyzing the feature elements of Chinese Miao traditional patterns “Jiuqu River flower”, as pronounced in Chinese.Using word cloud semantic tool, this paper analyzes the interview results of three consumer groups, namely, fashion youth, intellectuals and housewives, and obtains the aesthetic expression of three consumer groups on the innovative design of traditional patterns on canvas bags. Based on this, the feature elements of traditional pattern extraction and redesign of “Jiuqujiang River Flower” are used. Three canvas bag styles containing traditional cultural elements were constructed for different perceptual word pairs. Finally, the 7-level semantic difference quantization method of Kansei Engineering was used to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the spatial mapping method of aesthetic experience and product features. The final results showed that the modern product quality of creative design can be effectively improved by integrating with the traditional Chinese cultural elements, on the basis of making the mapping from aesthetic experience to product feature space, so that to meet the consumers’ aesthetic needs to the most.

Layered rock slopes are the most widely distributed slopes with the simplest structure. The classification of layered rock slopes is the basis for correctly analyzing their deformation and failure mechanisms, evaluating their stability, and adopting reasonable support methods. It is also one of the essential indicators to support the evaluation of urban and rural construction suitability and the assessment of landslide hazards. However, the present-day classification methods for layered rock slopes are not sufficiently automated. In the application process of these methods, a lot of manual intervention is still needed, and sufficient strata orientation data obtained through field surveys is required, which is not effective for large-scale applications and involves high subjectivity. Thus, this study proposes a semi-automated classification method for layered rock slopes based on digital elevation model (DEM) and geological maps, which greatly reduces human intervention. On the basis of slope unit division, the method extracts structural information of slopes using DEM and geological maps and classifies slopes according to their structural characteristics. An experiment has been carried out in the northern region of Mount Lu in Jiangxi Province, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of this semi-automated classification method. Compared to the existing manual or semi-automated classification methods, the method proposed in this article is objective and highly automated, which can meet the requirements of classification of layered rock slopes over large areas, even in the case of sparse measured orientation data.

Radix asparagi is the dried root tuber of the Liliaceae plant Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., which is a major Chinese medicinal herb with high medicinal and edible value in China. The planting area of A. cochinchinensis is extensive, and there is blind introduction in various regions, leading to confusion the origin of Radix asparagi and impure germplasm. This study conducted morphological and karyotype analyses on cultivated Asparagus resources from seven main production areas in China and developed SSR molecular markers suitable for the identification of Asparagus germplasm resources based on the transcriptome sequencing results. The morphological results indicate that in addition to A. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, there are also A. taliensis Wang et Tang and A. lycopodineus (Baker) Wang et Tang cultivated in China. All the tested Asparagus resources were diploid and had 20 chromosomes. A total of 8841 single genes containing SSR loci were identified using transcriptome sequencing of Neijiang Asparagus, including 761 SSR loci with trinucleotide repeat units. One hundred pairs of SSR primers were randomly designed from the trinucleotide repeat loci for PCR and polymorphism verification, and ten pairs were selected for identification of Asparagus germplasm resources. The genetic diversity results of ten pairs of primers in seven Asparagus-producing regions were consistent with the morphological identification. This study provides technical support for the comprehensive evaluation and utilization of Asparagus germplasm resources.

Objective: The feasibility of the determination of glutamate purity was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Methods: Indium and Zinc were used to correct the instrument parameters. Under the conditions of nitrogen atmosphere and flow rate of 50 mL/min, the effects of sample particle size, experimental atmosphere, heating rate and sample quality on the DSC measurement results were investigated, and the glutamic acid purity was determined under the optimal conditions. The determination results were compared between DSC and China Pharmacopeia 2015 titration. Results: Under the condition of weighing 3 mg and heating rate at 40 ℃/min, the purity of glutamic acid was 99.74% and the precision was 0.07%. The purity of glutamic acid measured by titration 99.72%. Conclusion: The DSC method has high accuracy and simple operation, and can be used for the determination of glutamate purity.

Plant phenomics aims to perform high-throughput, rapid, and accurate measurement of plant traits, facilitating the identification of desirable traits and optimal genotypes for crop breeding. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) roots possess remarkable therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases, with huge market demands. Although great advances have been made in metabolic studies of the bioactive metabolites, investigation for S. miltiorrhiza roots on other physiological aspects is poor. Here, we developed a framework that utilizes image feature extraction software for in-depth phenotyping of S. miltiorrhiza roots. By employing multiple software programs, S. miltiorrhiza roots were described from 3 aspects: agronomic traits, anatomy traits, and root system architecture. Through K-means clustering based on the diameter ranges of each root branch, all roots were categorized into 3 groups, with primary root-associated key traits. As a proof of concept, we examined the phenotypic components in a series of randomly collected S. miltiorrhiza roots, demonstrating that the total surface of root was the best parameter for the biomass prediction with high linear regression correlation (R2 = 0.8312), which was sufficient for subsequently estimating the production of bioactive metabolites without content determination. This study provides an important approach for further grading of medicinal materials and breeding practices.

Abstract Background Bupleurum chinense DC. is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Saikosaponins are the major bioactive constituents of B. chinense, but relatively little is known about saikosaponin biosynthesis. In the present study, we performed an integrated analysis of metabolic composition and the expressed genes involved in saikosaponin biosynthetic pathways among four organs (the root, flower, stem, and leaf) of B. chinense to discover the genes related to the saikosaponin biosynthetic pathway. Results Transcript and metabolite profiles were generated through high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Evaluation of saikosaponin contents and transcriptional changes showed 152 strong correlations (P

C17H14N2O6S·C3H7NO, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 5.4146(4) Å, b = 11.7925(8) Å, c = 16.9527(12) Å, α = 85.238(2)°, β = 86.674(4)°, γ = 78.959(2)°, V = 1057.77(13) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0418, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1175, T = 296(2) K.

With the advancement of urbanization, reasonable allocation of public service resources is crucial for the sustainable development of cities and other regions. Education is the cornerstone of national revitalization and social progress; thus, the spatial distribution of educational resources should be in line with the overall trend of population distribution. This study attempts to evaluate the status of basic educational resource allocation on a finer scale based on population spatialization and POI (Point of Interest) data. We studied Changsha City in Hunan Province, where the 2018 census data were distributed into 100-m grids using POI, nighttime light, land use, road network, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and other data as control variables based on the Random Forest model. We analyzed the spatial accessibility of basic education resources using cost weighted raster analysis and calculated the matching degree between the supply and demand of the resources using the improved potential model. The findings indicate that: 1) At the village (community) scale, the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of the population density between the result of population spatialization and the census data reached 0.73, which is better than WorldPop (World Population Dataset). Overall, the population distribution was displayed as a spatial distribution pattern of "one main-two sub-multi points", which could reflect the spatial characteristics of the population distribution in detail. 2) The spatial accessibility of the basic educational resources in Changsha was generally good: 97.72%, 96.20%, and 89.46% of the residents can reach the nearest primary schools, middle schools, and high schools, respectively, within 30 minutes. The difference in accessibility between the urban and rural areas was significant: the accessibility of the basic educational resources in facilities-intensive and traffic-developed areas was good and the villages (communities) with bad accessibility to basic education resources were concentrated in large counties with a large population of woodland and mountainous areas, especially in the surrounding mountainous areas of Liuyang County. 3) Generally, the basic educational resources in the urban areas of Changsha City and Liuyang and Ningxiang counties were in a balanced state of supply and demand; however, there were some areas where improvements were required. The matching degree between the supply and demand of basic education resources in towns was slightly higher, whereas in rural areas, it was mostly in a high-value state within the service radius and the intensity gradually decreased with facilities as the center. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the allocation of school buses and the ability of schools to receive boarding students to expand the scope of student sources. Previous studies mostly used large-scale census data, which ignored the spatial differences within each administrative unit. While some studies used small-scale census data such as those on residential quarters and buildings, however, these data are often difficult to obtain. This study provides research ideas for the precise assessment of the status of urban public service resource allocation and support for the diagnosis and improvement of the shortcomings of the basic educational resource allocation in Changsha City.

With the development of society, people are going out more and more, which leads to more and more crowded scenes. The detection of crowd density is particularly important. Aiming at the multi-scale problem of different human scales caused by camera angles in the crowd, a crowd density detection method based on deep semantic segmentation is proposed. The front-end of the network uses an improved VGG network to extract the crowd characteristics, so that the output feature map is 1/8 of the original image to improve the accuracy of the predicted density map. The back-end designs two atrous convolution modules with different array dilation rates to capture the multi-scale features of the crowd. The multi-scale features of the network enable the network to capture more scale details and edge information. The network finally uses 1×1 convolution to cascade the output to obtain a high-quality prediction density map. At the same time, in order to solve the grid effect caused by atrous convolution, a zigzag network structure is designed, so that every pixel in the convolution operation after zero filling is calculated to ensure the continuity of the information, thereby improving the accuracy of the network. The network performance is tested on the ShanghaiTech and UCF_CC_50 datasets. The test results are better than the current mainstream crowd density detection methods. The MAE value obtained from the test is 42.4% and 38.1% higher than that of the MCNN network. Compared with SANet, network performance is increased by 5.3% and 9.6%.

Image semantic segmentation is a necessary part of modern autonomous driving systems, because real-time and accurate capture of road condition information is the key to navigation and action planning. Traffic signs are important road condition information. The traffic sign semantic algorithm with stable performance, high real-time performance and accuracy that can meet the application needs is the basis for the realization of active safe driving systems and automatic driving systems. First, based on the analysis of actual application needs, the GTSDB database is selected as the original data, and a traffic sign data set that can comprehensively evaluate the perfor-mance of the semantic segmentation algorithm is designed. Then, based on the classical semantic segmentation network with stable performance U-Net, the D-Unet (D means dilated convolution), a deep neural network structure is proposed with better segmentation performance and higher real-time performance for small targets such as traffic signs. This method uses fewer pooling layers to retain more image information, and uses dilated convolution instead of conventional convolution to expand the receptive field of convolution, better overall planning global information. Finally, tested on the data set designed in this paper, compared with FCN-8s, SegNet, U-Net and other image segmentation network models, the mean intersection over union (MIoU) of the model is increased by about 11.9 percentage points, 6.09 percentage points and 3.71 percentage points, and the parameter amount is only 4.94%, 22.5% and 85.5% of the other three network models.

Bupleurum chinense DC. is a perennial herb plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family, genus Bupleurum, that is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Coumarins are characteristic secondary metabolites of the Apiaceous family, which possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antiviral activities, among others. Few studies on the coumarin biosynthesis pathways in B. Chinese have been reported. In this study, we identified 89 differentially expressed genes belonging to 7 gene families involved in the synthesis of coumarins in B. chinense, using transcriptome and metabolomic data obtained by high-throughput RNA-sequencing data analysis, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Five coumarin compounds: esculetin (2), fraxetin (4), psoralen (5), parmesan (6) and angelicin (7) were identified through metabolomic analysis. A total of 39 unigenes belonging to five gene families: shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), caffeic acid ο-methyltransferase (COMT), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), feruloyl-CoA 6’-hydroxylase (F6’H) and psoralen synthase (PS), were identified by correlating coumarin content with transcriptional changes. According to correlation network analysis, PS genes (Bc09210, Bc12711), COMT genes (Bc14830, Bc17539, Bc28792, Bc32856) and HCT genes (Bc32814, Bc10245) may be important factors affecting coumarin biosynthesis.

C44H34N2O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.4564(13) Å, b = 11.3627(14) Å, c = 15.3946(19) Å, α = 82.106(2)°, β = 75.318(2)°, γ = 77.704(2)°, V = 1722.0(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0420, wRref(F2) = 0.1086, T = 296(2) K.

Grain yield improvement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) requires understanding of the genetic control of grain yield components and other related traits. In this study, a total of 82 and 314 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were associated with grain yield and grain yield components after harvest and photosynthetic traits at the seedling, heading and grain filling stages from a recombinant inbred line population by normal and multivariate QTLs analysis, respectively. Sixty-one QTL clusters explained from 4.42% to 27.72% of phenotypic variances for 2–76 traits. A comparison between the normal and conditional QTL mapping found that grain yield showed significant genetic correlation with grain yield components and photosynthetic traits on five QTLs. In the genetic region between Xbarc99 and Xbarc169 on chromosome 1D, grain yield was entirely contributed by thousand kernel weight and harvest index. At the same region, harvest index was contributed by transpiration rate at seedling stage, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate at heading stage; and intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate at grain filling stage, whereas thousand kernel weight was suppressed by a normal QTL for chlorophyll content at grain filling stage in this region. The direct comparison analyses between grain yield with photosynthetic traits showed similar genetic relationships in this region. Manipulation of genes found within these QTL clusters might improve important agronomic traits and grain yield.

In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses’ self-esteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses’ self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses’ self-esteem.