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INTRODUCTION: The laboratory diagnosis of TB relies mainly on conventional techniques. However, it either lacks sensitivity or it is time-consuming. This study aims to evaluate the use of Real-Time PCR targeting IS6110 for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Complex (MTBC) in the routine diagnosis of TB in our laboratory. METHODS: clinical samples were collected from the laboratory of bacteriology at Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca Morocco. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were compared to AFB smear and culture on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) solid media. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS: on 171 clinical samples, the study showed positivity of microscopy, culture and Real-time PCR for M. TB complex as 19%, 31%, and 32% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for Real-time PCR in pulmonary samples were 95.2%, 95.4%, 90.91% and 97.65% respectively. For extra-pulmonary samples, they were: 72.7%, 90.32%, 72.7%, and 90.3%. CONCLUSION: our study shows the effectiveness of using Real-time PCR IS6110 in pulmonary and extra pulmonary samples. Future multicentric studies could seek to evaluate the place of this technique on routine diagnosis for better management of TB in Morocco.

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia are grave because of the multi-resistance of the organism to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii isolated from blood cultures and to describe their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on blood cultures between 2010 and 2014 from all Ibn Rochd University Hospital intensive care units; it was based on the exploitation of microbiology laboratory database (duplicates were excluded). Isolation and identification of A. baumannii were performed according to standard techniques of bacteriology and susceptibility testing as recommended by the CLSI. PCR was used to detect β-Lactamase genes, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23. Results: Among the 4232 samples received at the laboratory, 2402 (56.8%) were positive. Negative coagulase Staphylococcus was isolated in 21.6% of cases followed by A. baumannii (9.2%), and K. pneumoniae (9.1%). A. baumannii strains were resistant to most antibiotics tested: imipenem (75.7%), ceftazidim (85.4%), cefotaxim (98.6%), gentamicin (78.1%), amikacin (63.5%) and ciprofloxacin (88.2%). All A. baumannii strains, resistant to carbapenem, tested were positive for blaOXA-51 genes and 87.5% expressed the blaOXA-23 genes. Conclusion: A. baumannii was the second germ frequently isolated from blood cultures in intensive care units. It was multi-resistant to antibiotics. The strengthening of hospital hygiene measures and surveillance of antibiotic resistance is needed to limit the spread of germs and to optimize the management of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: antimicrobial resistance in gramnegative bacilli is one of the major concerns in public health. We aimed to evaluate gramnegative bacilli epidemiology, antimicrobial profiles, and the resistance´s mechanism for Enterobacteriaceae isolated from specimens of hospitalized patients in wards of University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, Morocco. Methods: a prospective study of the patient's specimens, collected from December 2016 to 31st March 2017. Isolation and identification were performed using conventional biochemical tests. According to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines, antibiotic susceptibility was determined. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect β-lactamase and carabapenemase genes: CTX-M, SHV, TEM, OXA-48, NDM, and VIM among the Enterobacteriaceae. Results: according to inclusion criteria, 38 Enterobacteriaceae, 25 Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), and 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were included during the study period; these bacteria were mainly responsible for bacteremia. Fifty-five percent of enterobacteria were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), 42% EBSL and carbapenemase, and 3% carbapenemase, with high coresistances. Eighty-four percent of A. baumannii were XDR. All P. aeruginosa were MDR; amikacin showed the best activity (70% susceptibility). The genotypic approach revealed the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM in 68%, 22%, and 11% respectively. Of the 22 carbapenemaseproducers, 41% were blaOXA-48 and 18% blaNDM; none had blaVIM. Furthermore, various genes coexistence were detected: blaCTX-M+blaOXA-48; blaCTX-M+blaNDM; blaCTX-M+blaSHV+blaOXA-48; and blaSHV+blaOXA-48. Conclusion: findings revealed highly resistance rate among isolates. This raises the need to control antibiotics and regular screening to identify dynamics promoting resistance. Thus, we recommend developing antimicrobial stewardship programs and improving hygiene systems to prevent the nosocomial spreading of these phenotypes in our center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among patients hospitalized for tuberculosis in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca and factors associated with TB-HIV co-infection. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study in November 2016. The database of the Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital was examined. All the patients with tuberculosis confirmed using Lowenstein Jensen culture medium and HIV Infection confirmed using Western Blot test between January 2013 and December 2015 were included. During the study period, 117 cases of tuberculosis were confirmed by culture. Fourty six (39.3%) patients had confirmed HIV infection. Thirty-four co-infected patients (73.9%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (this form was associated with co-infection (p=0.04)). All patients underwent TB treatment and anti-retroviral treatment according to the indication. The Evolution was favorable in 32 patients (69.6%) and 10 deaths were recorded (21.7%). Mortality rate was higher in co-infected patients than in TB patients without HIV (8.4%), (p=0.04). This study highlights a relatively high prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients. TB-HIV co-infection is associated with severe forms of tuberculosis and with an increase in mortality rate among TB patients; hence the importance of strengthening anti-co-infection joint activities.

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia are grave because of the multi-resistance of the organism to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii isolated from blood cultures and to describe their antibiotic resistance patterns., Materials and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on blood cultures between 2010 and 2014 from all Ibn Rochd University Hospital intensive care units; it was based on the exploitation of microbiology laboratory database (duplicates were excluded). Isolation and identification of A. baumannii were performed according to standard techniques of bacteriology and susceptibility testing as recommended by the CLSI. PCR was used to detect β-Lactamase genes, bla OXA-51 , bla OXA-23 ., Results: Among the 4232 samples received at the laboratory, 2402 (56.8%) were positive. Negative coagulase Staphylococcus was isolated in 21.6% of cases followed by A. baumannii (9.2%), and K. pneumoniae (9.1%). A. baumannii strains were resistant to most antibiotics tested: imipenem (75.7%), ceftazidim (85.4%), cefotaxim (98.6%), gentamicin (78.1%), amikacin (63.5%) and ciprofloxacin (88.2%). All A. baumannii strains, resistant to carbapenem, tested were positive for bla OXA-51 genes and 87.5% expressed the bla OXA-23 genes., Conclusion: A. baumannii was the second germ frequently isolated from blood cultures in intensive care units. It was multi-resistant to antibiotics. The strengthening of hospital hygiene measures and surveillance of antibiotic resistance is needed to limit the spread of germs and to optimize the management of antibiotics.