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Your search keyword '"MacIntyre, Chandini Raina"' showing total 258 results
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258 results on '"MacIntyre, Chandini Raina"'

2. Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus

Author

Ngonghala, Calistus N., Iboi, Enahoro, Eikenberry, Steffen, Scotch, Matthew, MacIntyre, Chandini Raina, Bonds, Matthew H., and Gumel, Abba B.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

A novel Coronavirus pandemic emerged in December of 2019, causing devastating public health impact across the world. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine or antiviral, strategies for mitigating the burden of the pandemic are focused on non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social-distancing, contact-tracing, quarantine, isolation and the use of face-masks in public. We develop a new mathematical model for assessing the population-level impact of these mitigation strategies. Simulations of the model, using data relevant to COVID-19 transmission in New York state and the entire US, show that the pandemic will peak in mid and late April, respectively. The worst-case scenario projections for cumulative mortality (based on the baseline levels of anti-COVID non-pharmaceutical interventions considered in the study) in New York State and the entire US decrease dramatically by 80% and 64%, respectively, if the strict social-distancing measures implemented are maintained until the end of May or June, 2020. This study shows that early termination of strict social-distancing could trigger a devastating second wave with burden similar to that projected before the onset of strict social-distance. The use of efficacious face-masks (efficacy greater than 70%) could lead to the elimination of the pandemic if at least 70% of the residents of New York state use such masks consistently (nationwide, a compliance of at least 80% will be required using such masks). The use of low efficacy masks, such as cloth masks (of efficacy less than 30%), could also lead to significant reduction of COVID-19 burden (albeit, they are not able to lead to elimination). Combining low efficacy masks with improved levels of other anti-COVID-19 intervention measures can lead to elimination of the pandemic. The mask coverage needed to eliminate COVID-19 decreases if mask-use is combined with strict social-distancing.

Published
2020

34. Letter to the editor: Increase of influenza vaccination coverage rates during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for the upcoming influenza season in northern hemisphere countries and Australia

Author

Del Riccio, Marco, primary, Lina, Bruno, additional, Caini, Saverio, additional, Staadegaard, Lisa, additional, Wiegersma, Sytske, additional, Kynčl, Jan, additional, Combadière, Béhazine, additional, MacIntyre, Chandini Raina, additional, and Paget, John, additional

Published
2021
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39. The global epidemiology of Hepatitis A outbreaks 2016-2018 and the utility of EpiWATCH as a rapid epidemic intelligence service

Author

Lesmanawati, Dyah Ayu Shinta; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Adam, Dillon C; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Hooshmand, Elmira; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Moa, Aye; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kunasekaran, Mohana Priya; UNSW, MacIntyre, Chandini Raina; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Lesmanawati, Dyah Ayu Shinta; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Adam, Dillon C; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Hooshmand, Elmira; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Moa, Aye; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kunasekaran, Mohana Priya; UNSW, and MacIntyre, Chandini Raina; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales

Abstract

Hepatitis A (Hep A) can cause sporadic or epidemic disease and has been frequently linked to contamination of the global food chain. Global surveillance data on Hep A are unavailable, and in some countries, reporting is incomplete or not timely, either because of lack of human resources or sensitivities around reporting. The use of vast open-source data such as news-feeds and social media however can overcome barriers to surveillance and provide timely data on global epidemics. In this study we use EpiWATCH, semi-automated outbreak scanning service to review the global epidemiology of Hep A reports from 2016-2018. We reviewed the EpiWATCH Outbreak Alerts database for reports on the Hep A dated between August 1, 2016, to April 31, 2018 which was the analysed by outbreak clusters, location, and time. Of 5098 total entries in the database a total of 169 non-duplicate Hep A outbreak reports were found and included for descriptive analysis. The majority of outbreak reports (68.6%%; N=116/169) originated from the United States of America (USA). The largest Hep A outbreaks were multi-country outbreaks in the European region, and multistate outbreaks in the USA and Australia. Homelessness (mainly in US outbreaks) was the predominant risk factor (40.2%), followed by foodborne outbreaks (26.6%) and outbreaks in men who have sex with men (6.5%). Using EpiWATCH we found that the emergence of outbreaks in homeless people has dominated the epidemiology of Hep A in the U.S and this appears a relatively new phenomenon. Epidemic intelligence systems such as EpiWATCH are a useful proxy for global surveillance of Hep A outbreaks and using open-source data can provide epidemic intelligence and outbreak alerts where global data is unavailable.

Published
2021

40. The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on outbreaks of COVID-19 in aged care and long-term care facilities: A meta-analysis

Author

Natolanda, Princy Poovanna; Kirby Institute, Quigley, Ashley; Kirby Institute, Moa, Aye; Kirby Institute, MacIntyre, Chandini Raina; Kirby Institute, Natolanda, Princy Poovanna; Kirby Institute, Quigley, Ashley; Kirby Institute, Moa, Aye; Kirby Institute, and MacIntyre, Chandini Raina; Kirby Institute

Abstract

A review on the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) was conducted in long-term care facilities. The use of personal protective equipment, isolation and re-testing of COVID-19 were protective against the infection. Facilities which implemented NPIs prior to the outbreak had fewer COVID-19 outbreaks, odds ratio=0.70. Re-testing of asymptomatic people during outbreaks is crucial.

Published
2021

47. Influenza-associated cardiovascular mortality in older adults in Beijing, China: a population-based time-series study

Author

Liu, Rong, primary, Liu, Xiaoshuang, additional, Yang, Peng, additional, Du, Xin, additional, He, Liu, additional, Chen, Tiange, additional, Li, Xiang, additional, Xie, Guotong, additional, Wu, Shuangsheng, additional, Su, Jianting, additional, Xia, Shijun, additional, Jiang, Chao, additional, Huffman, Mark D., additional, MacIntyre, Chandini Raina, additional, Wei, Zaihua, additional, Wang, Quanyi, additional, Dong, Jianzeng, additional, and Anderson, Craig, additional

Published
2020
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