1. Bringing the Cognitive Estimation Task into the 21st Century: Normative Data on Two New Parallel Forms
- Author
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Patrick J. Murphy, Sarah E. MacPherson, Gabriela Peretti Wagner, Lisa Cipolotti, Marco Bozzali, Tim Shallice, MacPherson SE, Wagner GP, Murphy, P, Bozzali, M, Cipolotti, L, and Shallice, T
- Subjects
Male ,cognition ,neuropsychology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Neuropsychological Tests ,patients ,lesions ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Semantic memory ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,Problem Solving ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,Cognitive Neurology ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Experimental Psychology ,Middle Aged ,frontal lobe ,Test (assessment) ,Clinical Psychology ,Frontal lobe ,Neurology ,educational attainment ,health education and awareness ,Female ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Article ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Biology ,History, 21st Century ,Temporal lobe ,Young Adult ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Aged ,Demography ,Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Reasoning ,medicine.disease ,arithmetic ,Developmental Psychology ,cognitive estimation task ,Normative ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) is widely used by clinicians and researchers to assess the ability to produce reasonable cognitive estimates. Although several studies have published normative data for versions of the CET, many of the items are now outdated and parallel forms of the test do not exist to allow cognitive estimation abilities to be assessed on more than one occasion. In the present study, we devised two new 9-item parallel forms of the CET. These versions were administered to 184 healthy male and female participants aged 18–79 years with 9–22 years of education. Increasing age and years of education were found to be associated with successful CET performance as well as gender, intellect, naming, arithmetic and semantic memory abilities. To validate that the parallel forms of the CET were sensitive to frontal lobe damage, both versions were administered to 24 patients with frontal lobe lesions and 48 age-, gender- and education-matched controls. The frontal patients’ error scores were significantly higher than the healthy controls on both versions of the task. This study provides normative data for parallel forms of the CET for adults which are also suitable for assessing frontal lobe dysfunction on more than one occasion without practice effects.
- Published
- 2014
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