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Overview: In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature synthesis about the associations between these variables. A comprehensive literature synthesis would help identify future research directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence concerning the associations between loss of control over eating, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity in children and adolescents. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by PRISMA in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Twelve studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, variability in assessment methods, and the age of participants make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Nevertheless, most studies with community samples of adolescents indicate that inhibitory control difficulties are linked to the concept of loss of control eating. The presence of obesity seems to be associated with inhibitory control difficulties, regardless of the presence of loss of control eating. Studies on reward sensitivity are scarcer. However, it has been suggested that higher reward sensitivity is related to loss of control eating behaviors in young people, particularly binge eating. Conclusions: The literature on the link between loss of control eating and trait-level facets of impulsivity (low inhibitory control and higher reward sensitivity) among young people remains limited, and more studies on children are needed. Findings from this review may make healthcare professionals more aware of the potential clinical importance of targeting the trait-level facets of impulsivity and help to inform existing and future weight-loss/maintenance interventions in childhood and adolescence.

Throughout the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, university students were considered a vulnerable risk group for mental health impairment and wellbeing deterioration. This study aimed at evaluating the pandemic’s impact on the physical and mental health and wellbeing among students of a Portuguese university. This cross-sectional study included 913 participants and ran from June to October 2020. Data collected included sociodemographics, three mental health self-report questionnaires (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Brief COPE) and lifestyle practices (eating and sleeping patterns, media, and entertainment habits) during the first months of the pandemic, which included a 72-day full national lockdown. Descriptive and correlational statistical analysis were conducted. Students’ food habits changed during the pandemic, namely on the consumption of snacks and fast food and, overall, less balanced meals became more prevalent. Additionally, almost 70% of the students reported Body Mass Index changes, while 59% went through sleep pattern changes–these were more pronounced in women and younger students. Over half (67%) of the inquirees exhibited an increase in their stress, depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms. Also, the study demonstrates that students’ lifestyles trended negatively during the pandemic and highlights how important regular psychological, health monitoring and emotional support is, amongst this somehow overlooked population throughout the pandemic. Universities should provide support to overcome challenges in future stressful situations. This study might have an impact on how universities and higher education systems approach their students in terms of mental and physical health monitoring and promotion in future situations, nonrelated with COVID. Moreover, it has a large sample of students well characterized in terms of mental and physical health, which might be of interest for future comparison with other worldwide group of students throughout stressful situations, such as tragic events, wars, pandemics.

The concept of food addiction, characterized by a strong urge to overeat highly palatable foods, has gained increased research attention over the last decade. College students are a recognized risk group for manifesting an eating pathology and weight gain due to the changes in eating habits experienced during this period. However, there is a gap in the literature connecting food addiction with eating and weight variables in this population. Thus, the present study aims to characterize food addiction in a sample of college students and enlighten the relationship between food addiction, weight-variables, eating habits, and food choices in this population. A sample of 194 college students (89.2% females) aged between 18 and 32 years old (M = 20.85, SD = 2.78) completed a set of self- reported online questionnaires on Google Forms. Namely, a Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Questionnaire, a questionnaire on Food Choices Characterization, the Eating Habits Scale, and the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Thirty (22.2%) participants presented food addiction problems. The logistic regression models utilized suggest that participants in the group with food addiction problems are more likely to seek clinical help to control weight, to consider that they should eat less food high in sugar, and to report lower food adequacy. In sum, this finding highlighted a connection between food addiction, weight dissatisfaction, eating habits, and food choices in college students, a population at risk for developing and retaining eating pathologies. Further research is essential to evaluate and implement interventions regarding food addiction, weight dissatisfaction, eating habits, and food choices in college students., This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi/UM) School of Psychology, University of Minho, supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget (UIDB/01662/2020), and by grants to Sílvia Félix (2020.07384.BD) and Eva Conceição (2020.01538.CEECIND). The funding body had no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

The increase in digital practices and networking has introduced important changes to social interactions. The extensive use of technology among young people has allowed for cyber communication, which has numerous benefits but can also trigger violence in relationships. Interpersonal violence affecting young people is becoming more widely recognized as a public health issue. The aim of this scoping review is to map and systematize the published academic literature on Cyber Interpersonal Violence (CIV) amongst young people, following the methodological approach proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Five databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Direct and Social Sciences Citation Index. Eighteen studies in English, Portuguese, Spanish and French, published from 2004 onwards, were included. Three main areas arose in the CIV: cyber dating abuse, cyberbullying and cyber-harassment. Investing in prevention is the key to preventing cyber violence., This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget (Ref.: UIDB/PSI/01662/2020).

Our goal was to conduct international comparisons of emotion regulation using the 9-item Emotionally Reactive (ER) syndrome of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5. We analyzed parent ratings for 17,964 preschoolers from 21 societies, which were grouped into 8 GLOBE study culture clusters (e.g., Nordic, Confucian Asian). Omnicultural broad base rates for ER items ranged from 8.0% to 38.8%. Rank ordering for mean item ratings varied widely across societies (omnicultural Q = .50) but less so across culture clusters (M Q = .66). Societal similarity in mean item rank ordering varied by culture cluster, with large within-cluster similarity for Anglo (Q = .96), Latin Europe (Q = .74), Germanic (Q = .77), and Latin American (Q = .76) clusters, but smaller within-cluster similarity for Nordic, Eastern Europe, and Confucian Asian clusters (Qs = .52, .23, and .44, respectively). Confirmatory factor analyses of the ER syndrome supported configural invariance for all 21 societies. All 9 items showed full to approximate metric invariance, but only 3 items showed approximate scalar invariance. The ER syndrome correlated . 65 with the Anxious/Depressed (A/D) syndrome and .63 with the Aggressive Behavior syndrome. ER items varied in base rates and factor loadings, and societies varied in rank ordering of items as low, medium, or high in mean ratings. Item rank order similarity among societies in the same culture cluster varied widely across culture clusters, suggesting the importance of cultural factors in the assessment of emotion regulation in preschoolers.

This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn't get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples., University of Vermont(undefined)

This study sought to examine predictors of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in eating disorder patients and to evaluate the moderating role of purging behaviours in the relationship between a theorised predictor (i.e. sexual/physical abuse) and NSSI. Participants in this study were 177 female patients with eating disorders (age range=14-38years) who completed semistructured interviews assessing eating disorder symptoms and eating disorder-related risk factors (e.g. history of sexual and physical abuse, history of NSSI and feelings of fatness). Results revealed that 65 participants (36.7%) reported lifetime engagement in NSSI, and 48 participants (27.1%) reported a history of sexual/physical abuse. Early onset of eating problems, lower BMI, feeling fat, a history of sexual/physical abuse and the presence of purging behaviours were all positively associated with the lifetime occurrence of NSSI. The relationship between sexual/physical abuse before eating disorder onset and lifetime NSSI was moderated by the presence of purging behaviours, such that the relationship was stronger in the absence of purging. These findings are consistent with the notion that purging and NSSI may serve similar functions in eating disorder patients (e.g. emotion regulation), such that the presence of purging may attenuate the strength of the association between sexual/physical abuse history (which is also associated with elevated NSSI risk) and engagement in NSSI behaviours., This study was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds and when applicable cofinanced by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (UID/PSI/01662/2013)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background: Bulimia nervosa is often related to self-control difficulties and to self-harm behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of self-injurious behavior, suicide attempts and other behaviors’ related to impulsivity in bulimia nervosa, using two control groups (a healthy group and a general psychiatric group), and also to examine the association between sexual abuse and parasuicide behaviours in bulimia nervosa. Method: Women (N =233) aged between 13 to 38 years old were evaluated using the Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Interview Schedule (RFI; Fairburn et al., 1998). Results: Participants with bulimia nervosa reported more self-injurious behaviours, suicide attempts by drug intake, and poor control in smoking and drugs use compared with participants in both control groups. Bulimia nervosa group also presented more spending behaviors’ compared with the general psychiatric control group. No association was found between sexual abuse and parasuicide behaviors amongst bulimia nervosa participants. Conclusions: This study concluded that BN is commonly related to self-harm behaviours, and clinicians must take into account the multi-impulsive spectrum behaviours of BN in their evaluation and treatment of BN.

In order to assess the frequency and correlates of self-injurious behavior (SIB), 569 Portuguese adolescents aged 12 to 20 years completed questionnaires assessing SIB and psychopathological symptoms. Almost 28% (n = 158) reported a lifetime history of SIB and nearly 10% had performed it in the previous month. The most frequently injured body parts were arms, hands and nails. Most of the self-injurers admit that "now and then" they feel some "mild" to "moderate" pain during SIB. Most of them admitted using these behaviors to avoid/suppress negative feelings, painful images or memories, to punish themselves and to avoid doing something bad. Positive emotions increased significantly after SIB. The self-injurer group reported more psychopathological symptoms. SIB appears to be a common phenomenon with specific functions in adolescence and this must be addressed by clinicians and educational professionals., Con la finalidad de evaluar la frecuencia y la correlación de la conducta autolesiva en 569 adolescentes portugueses de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 20 años de edad, se han completado cuestionarios evaluando la conducta autolesiva y los síntomas psicopatológicos. El 28% (n= 158) reportó un historial de conducta autolesiva y el 10% lo habían tenido el mes anterior. Las partes del cuerpo con mayores lesiones son los brazos, las manos y las uñas. Asimismo, la mayoría de las personas que se autolesionan admiten sentirse en ese momento con un dolor entre ligero y moderado. Además, admiten usar esta conducta con el fi n de evitar o suprimir sentimientos negativos, imágenes y memorias dolorosas para autocastigarse y para evitar hacer algo malo. Las emociones positivas se incrementan de forma signifi cativa después de la conducta autolesiva y el grupo de los que se autolesionan presentan más síntomas psicopatológicos. La conducta autolesiva parece ser un fenómeno común con funciones específi cas en la adolescencia y esto debe ser tratado por profesionales del área clínica y educacional., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Aims: To identify the risk factors implicated in the development of bulimia nervosa and determine which of these risk factors are especially common among bulimia nervosa subjects compared with healthy subjects and subjects with other psychiatric disorders. Design: A case-control design was used involving the comparison of 60 female subjects who meet DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa with 60 healthy control subjects and 60 subjects with other psychiatric disorders. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing each subject with the Oxford Risk Factor Interview. Results: The main risk factors identified from the comparison of bulimia nervosa subjects with healthy controls were high parental expectations and adolescence obesity. Compared with subjects with other psychiatric disorders, those with bulimia nervosa reported also childhood obesity. Discussion: Overweight in infancy and adolescence and the exposure to family functioning variables like high expectations increased the risk for the development of bulimia nervosa.

Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica), A anorexia nervosa tem sido consensualmente descrita como uma perturbação grave que afecta, sobretudo, adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Caracteriza-se pela sobrevalorização do peso e forma corporais e convicção acerca da competência no seu controlo. Resulta no alcance de um peso abaixo do normal que, habitualmente, decorre da realização de dietas altamente restritivas. O seu diagnóstico tem sido associado a um risco aumentado de morte prematura. A sua etiologia é considerada multifactorial não se reconhecendo, à data, nenhum potencial factor etiológico que, considerado isoladamente, seja capaz de explicar o seu desenvolvimento (Cooper, 1995). OBJECTIVO: O presente estudo tem 3 objectivos: (1) identificar os factores de risco que precedem o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa; (2) determinar se esses factores são específicos da anorexia nervosa ou se precedem o desenvolvimento de perturbações psiquiátricas em geral; (3) comparar os factores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa com os factores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de bulimia nervosa. MÉTODO: Foram realizados dois estudos com um desenho caso-controlo com três grupos comparativos. No primeiro estudo foram comparadas 98 pacientes com anorexia nervosa com 86 participantes da população de controlo normal, com 68 participantes da população de controlo psiquiátrico e com 79 pacientes com bulimia nervosa. A amostra de controlo normal e psiquiátrica foi emparelhada com a amostra clínica com anorexia nervosa de acordo com a idade e nível sócio-económico, em ambos os estudos. No segundo estudo as comparações foram realizadas apenas com as pacientes com anorexia que estavam emparelhadas individualmente com uma participante do grupo de controlo normal e com uma participante do grupo de controlo psiquiátrico (86 anorécticas vs. 86 participantes do grupo de controlo normal e 68 anorécticas vs. 68 participantes do grupo de controlo psiquiátrico). Para a avaliação dos factores de risco foi utilizada a Risk Factors for Eating Disorders: Interview Schedule (Fairburn & Welch, 1990). RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 3 grupos de factores de risco: gerais, específicos e aqueles que distinguem as pacientes com anorexia nervosa das pacientes com bulimia nervosa. Alguns dos factores de risco avaliados incluem: (1) o peso elevado na infância, (2) a presença de tensão familiar durante as refeições relacionada com a alimentação, (3) a existência de comentários parentais sobre a alimentação, (4) a presença de comentários repetidos sobre a alimentação por parte de outros elementos que não família, (5) o isolamento familiar, (6) o contacto parental pobre, (7) o envolvimento excessivo da mãe, (8) o facto de a família nuclear não resolver os desentendimentos entre os seus membros, (9) história actual ou passada de obesidade parental, (10) a história de dietas realizadas pelos pais com o objectivo de influenciar o peso/forma corporais, (11) a atitude negativa do próprio face ao peso dos pais, (12) a história de gozo pelos amigos, (13) a história passada de problemas de saúde graves que tenham afectado a aparência das jovens, (14) a maior consciência em relação à aparência comparativamente com o grupo de pares, (15) o sentimento de estar gorda com preocupação associada, (16) o gozo pelo grupo de pares sobre a forma, peso, alimentação e/ou aparência, (17) o perfeccionismo, (18) os sentimentos negativos em relação ao aparecimento da menstruação, (19) a vivência de um acontecimento precipitante no ano anterior ao início dos problemas alimentares, (20) a história de perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva na família, e (21) a história familiar de perturbações do comportamento alimentar. DISCUSSÃO: Existem 2 grupos de factores de risco envolvidos na etiologia da anorexia nervosa, os factores de risco gerais, potencialmente comuns ao desenvolvimento de psicopatologia no geral, e os factores que podem vulnerabilizar especificamente para o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa. Encontramos ainda um conjunto de factores de risco que parecem distinguir as anorécticas das bulimicas do ponto de vista das suas trajectórias individuais., Anorexia nervosa is a serious disorder that affects mainly adolescents and young women. It is characterized by an over-evaluation of weight and body shape and a conviction about the power in their control. It results in a significant underweight due to a highly restrictive diet. The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa has been associated with an increased risk of premature death. Its etiology is considered multifactorial. To date there has not been recognized any etiological factor which on its own is able to explain anorexia’s development (Cooper, 1995). AIMS: (1) Identify risk factors that precede the development of anorexia nervosa; (2) Determine whether these factors are specific to anorexia nervosa or precede the development of psychiatric disorders in general; (3) Compare the risk factors associated with the development of anorexia nervosa with the risk factors associated with the development of bulimia nervosa. METHOD: Two casecontrol studies with three integrated comparisons groups were conducted. The first study compared 98 female subjects with anorexia nervosa with 86 healthy control subjects, 68 subjects with other psychiatric disorders and 79 subjects with bulimia nervosa. In both studies, subjects of the control groups were matched with anorexia patients within age and parental social class bands. The second study compared only anorectics which were individually matched with subjects of both control groups (86 anorectics vs. 86 healthy control subjects and 68 anorectics vs. 68 subjects with other psychiatric disorders). We used the Risk Factors for Eating Disorders: Interview Schedule (RFED; Fairburn & Welch, 1990) to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS: We found 3 groups of risk factors: general, specific and those that distinguished anorectics from bulimics. Some of the risk factors included: (1) childhood overweight, (2) the presence of family tension during meals related to eating, (3) parental comments about eating, (4) the presence of repeated comments about feeding by others than family, (5) family isolation, (6) poor parental contact, (7) maternal overinvolvement, (8) that the nuclear family does not resolve disagreements among its members, (9) current or past history of parental obesity, (10) parental history of dieting for weight or shape control, (11) negative attitudes toward parents shape and weight, (12) teasing by friends, (13) history of serious health problems that affected their appearance, (14) higher consciousness about appearance compared with others at the same age, (15) the feeling of being fat associated with significant concern, (16) teasing by peers about shape, weight, eating and appearance (17) perfectionism, (18) negative feelings about the onset of menstruation, (19) living some special event in the year preceding the eating disorder, (20) current or past history of family obsessive-compulsive disorder, and (21) current or past history of family eating disorders. DISCUSSION: There are two groups of risk factors involved in the etiology of anorexia nervosa: General risk factors, common to psychopathology development in general, and those that increase specifically the vulnerability of anorexia nervosa development. We also found a group of risk factors that specifically distinguish anorectics from bulimics according to their individual trajectories., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - Bolsa de Investigação SFRH / BD / 22038 / 2005 financiada pelo POCTI 2010 (Formação Avançada para a Ciência – Medida IV.3)

Caregivers and teachers from 14 societies rated 9,389 1.5 to 5-year-olds on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000). General population samples were obtained in Asia; the Middle East; Eastern, Northern, Central, Western, and Southern Europe; and South America. The 2-level 6-syndrome C-TRF model derived on a mostly U.S. sample was tested separately for each society. This model or a slightly modified 2-level 5-syndrome version of the model fit the data for 10 of the 14 societies. The findings generally support use of the C-TRF with children of diverse backgrounds. The multicultural generalizability of C-TRF syndromes suggests that they can be used as taxonomic constructs for preschoolers’ psychopathology, which can facilitate international communication and collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and educators working with young children.

As perturbações do comportamento alimentar são perturbações graves que se caracterizam por alterações significativas ao nível do comportamento alimentar associadas a uma preocupação extrema com o peso e forma corporais. Estas perturbações são mais frequentes em sociedades ocidentais, que enfatizam uma imagem corporal feminina magra. Talvez por esta razão, os factores socioculturais têm sido, muitas vezes, apontados, como os factores responsáveis pelo aumento da incidência das perturbações do comportamento alimentar. No entanto, a discrepância entre os valores de prevalência das perturbações do comportamento alimentar e o número total de pessoas expostas à pressão social para um corpo magro e tubular, questiona a importância desta exposição no desenvolvimento das patologias alimentares. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão de estudos que procuram mostrar o papel etiológico dos factores socioculturais no desenvolvimento das perturbações do comportamento alimentar e a razão destas patologias, serem denominadas de culture-bound syndromes, bem como algumas perspectivas alternativas a estes modelos conceptuais que procuram revelar a fragilidade dos modelos etiológicos que enfatizam a importância destes factores na complexa etiologia das perturbações do comportamento alimentar., Eating disorders are serious disorders characterized by major changes in eating behaviour associated with extreme preoccupations with weight and physical shape. The aetiology of these disorders is, like other psychopathologies, considered to be complex and multifactorial. Eating disorders are more common in western societies that value a female thin body image as beauty ideal. Perhaps for that reason, sociocultural factors are often seen as responsible for the increase of the incidence of eating disorders. However, the discrepancy between the values of the prevalence of eating disorders and the total number of people submitted to the social pressure to thinness related to personal and interpersonal success, questioned the importance of that exposure in the development of eating disorders. The present paper presents a review of studies that shows the role of sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders and the reason why these disorders are called culturebound syndromes, as well some alternative perspectives that show the fragility of aetiologic models that emphasize the importance of these factors in the complex etiology of eating disorders.

O estudo que apresentamos vem na sequência de um outro em que foi construída a narrativa protótipo da anorexia nervosa e analisada a sua validade convergente (grau de verosimilhança). Desenvolvemos dois estudos empíricos cujos objectivos centrais são: a) analisar a validade divergente (grau de discriminação) da narrativa protótipo da anorexia, b) explorar aspectos da história dos sujeitos e dos seus significativos (familiares) que possam estar associados a uma diferença de intensidade na identificação com a narrativa da anorexia e c) proceder a um estudo exploratório do poder preditivo de algumas das variáveis descritivas das amostras. Estas foram constituídas por 70 sujeitos com anorexia nervosa e 64 significativos, respectivamente. Os resultados não confirmam a validação divergente da narrativa protótipo da anorexia, colocando em causa a hipótese da sua prototipia. Ao nível dos participantes com anorexia, foi encontrada uma tendência para uma identificação mais elevada com a narrativa da depressão. Os seus significativos mostraram tendência para uma identificação mais elevada dos seus familiares com a narrativa da agorafobia. Ambos os participantes discriminaram a narrativa protótipo da anorexia apenas em relação à narrativa da toxicodependência. O padrão de resultados observado nos dois estudos a respeito da narrativa da anorexia é o mesmo, sendo que em ambos aquela narrativa assume o segundo lugar em termos de ordem média de identificação. De entre os significativos, é com mães que os sujeitos com anorexia convergem na avaliação que fazem a respeito da identificação com a narrativa protótipo da anorexia., The current paper emerges in continuity with another study in which the anorectic prototype narrative was constructed and its convergent validity (degree of similitude) was analyzed.We developed two empirical studies in which the principal goals were: a) to study the divergent validity (degree of discrimination) of the anorectic prototype narrative, b) to explore some aspects of the history of participants and their close confidents (relatives) that may be associated to the difference in which they identify themselves or their relatives with the anorectic prototype narrative, and c) to study the predictive power of some descriptive variables of the sample. Seventy subjects diagnosed with anorexia and 64 relatives participated in the study. The results did not confirm the divergent validation of the anorectic prototype narrative and, therefore, the prototype hypothesis. The anorectic participants displayed tendency to a higher identification with the depression prototype narrative. Their relatives showed a tendency to a higher identification with the agoraphobia prototype narrative. The anorectic prototype narrative was discriminated by both participant groups from the drug abuse prototype narrative. A similar pattern of results with respect to the anorectic prototype narrative was found in both studies with that narrative achieving the second place of identification. Within the group of relatives it is with their mothers that the anorectic subjects converge with respect to the identification with the anorectic prototype narrative.

O presente estudo vem dar continuidade a um outro no qual foi construída a narrativa protótipo da anorexia e analisada a sua validade convergente (grau de verosimilhança). Neste sentido, nele emergem três objectivos centrais: analisar a validade divergente (grau de discriminação) da narrativa protótipo da anorexia, explorar aspectos da história dos sujeitos que possam estar associados a uma diferença de intensidade na identificação com a narrativa da anorexia e proceder a um estudo exploratório do poder preditivo de algumas das variáveis descritivas da amostra em relação á identificação com a narrativa protótipo da anorexia. A amostra foi constituída por 38 sujeitos com diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa de acordo com os critérios do DSM IV. Os resultados não confirmam a validação divergente da narrativa protótipo da anorexia, colocando em causa a hipótese da sua prototipia. Contudo, nos três subgrupos da amostra relativos à duração da perturbação superior a 2,5 anos, à pontuação total no EDI e à subescala Medos da Maturidade acima do ponto de corte, os sujeitos identificaram-se significativamente mais com a narrativa protótipo da anorexia do que com as da toxicodependência e da agorafobia. A “duração da perturbação há mais de 2,5 anos” revelou-se preditiva da identificação com a narrativa protótipo da anorexia., The present article follows another study on the construction and convergent validity (degree of similitude) of anorectic prototype narrative. Three principal goals were present in this study: to analyze the divergent validity (degree of discrimination) of the anorectic prototype narrative; to explore some aspects of the participants’ history that may be associated with differences in patients’ identification with the anorectic prototype narrative; and, finally, to study the predictive power of some of the sample descriptive variables. Thirty eight patients with anorexia nervosa (DSM-IV) participated in this study. The results didn’t confirm the prototype hypothesis, despite the fact that the anorectic prototype narrative has achieved the first place in the identification order, followed by the prototypes narrative of depression, alcoholism, agoraphobia and drug abuse. The differences among the various narratives were nonsignificant. Some sample sub-groups were significantly differentiated in terms of some descriptive variables: duration of the illness superior to 2,5 years, EDI total and Maturity Fears subscale superior to cut of point. Participants of these sub-groups identified themselves significantly more with the anorectic prototype narrative, when compared with the opioide dependent narrative and agoraphobia narrative. The factor duration of the illness superior to 2,5 years was found to be predictive of the participants identification with the anorectic prototype narrative., Este estudio es la continuación de otro en el que se elaboró una narrativa prototipo de la anorexia y se analizó su validez convergente (grado de verosimilitud). Se plantean tres objetivos: analizar la validez divergente (grado de discriminación) de la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia, explorar aspectos de la historia de los sujetos que puedan estar asociados a una diferencia de intensidad en la identificación con la narrativa de la anorexia y, por último, realizar un estudio exploratorio del poder predictivo de algunas de las variables descriptivas de la muestra en relación a la identificación con la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia. La muestra está formada por 38 sujetos con diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa según los criterios del DSM-IV. Los resultados no confirman la validación divergente de la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia, poniendo en duda la hipótesis de su veracidad. No obstante, en los tres subgrupos de la muestra relacionados a la duración del trastorno superior a 2,5 años, la puntuación total del EDI y la subescala de Miedo a la Madurez encima del punto de corte, los sujetos se identifican más con la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia que con la de la toxicodependencia y la de la agorafobia. La duración de la perturbación de más de 2,5 años se revela como variable predictiva de la identificación con la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia.

As perturbações alimentares (anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa) são problemas psicopatológicos sérios que afectam principalmente as mulheres jovens. Ambos os quadros clínicos são relativamente comuns e apresentaram uma tendência para o aumento da sua incidência ao longo dos anos 90. O presente artigo descreve um estudo com o objectivo avaliar a eficiência de uma intervenção cognitiva comportamental em grupo para jovens universitárias com perturbações do comportamento alimentar caracterizadas por ocorrência de ingestão alimentar compulsiva. Onze mulheres com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 34 anos, participaram num programa de tratamento com a duração de 13 sessões semanais de 1 ½ hora de duração. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas no final do tratamento e nos 3 meses seguintes quer nas escalas clínicas relacionadas com as perturbações alimentares quer no que respeita aos principais sintomas clínicos destas perturbações., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PRAXIS/PCSH/P/PSI/85/96

The current survey descriptive study evaluates the prevalence of eating related problems amongst a sample of first-year female college students attending an university campus in one of two areas of the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. A total of 1079 students participated in the current study, 486 from a large university campus of the North of Portugal (Minho), and 595 from two large university campuses of the Northwest of Spain (Galicia). Participants responded to the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and to a questionnaire designed at assessing eating related habits and problems. Results showed that a significant number of students scored high on the EDI and showed considerable prevalence of eating related problems. Based on this self reported data, it is estimated that the prevalence of eating disorders on these peripheral areas of both countries is not significantly different than what is common in other European areas or countries., El presente estudio evalúa la prevalencia de los trastornos de la alimentación en una muestra de alumnas universitarias de primer año que frecuentaban una Universidad de una de dos áreas del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, mediante observación. Un total de 1079 mujeres participaron en este estudio, 486 de una Universidad del Norte de Portugal (Minho) y 595 de dos Universidades del Noroeste de España (Galicia). Las participantes respondieron al Inventario de Trastornos Alimentarios (EDI) y a un cuestionario desarrollado para evaluar problemas relacionados con la alimentación. Los resultados mostraron que un número significativo de estudiantes obtuvo un resultado elevado en el EDI, presentando una prevalencia considerable de problemas relacionados con la alimentación. Basándonos en los datos auto referidos se estimó que la prevalencia de trastornos en el comportamiento alimentario en estas áreas periféricas de ambos países no es significativamente diferente de lo que resulta común en otros países y áreas de Europa., O presente estudo avalia a a prevalência de problemas alimentares numa amostra de alunas universitárias do primeiro ano que frequentavam uma universidade de uma de duas áreas do noroeste da Península Ibérica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, mediante observação. Um total de 1079 mulheres participaram neste estudo, 486 de uma universidade do Norte de Portugal (Minho) e 595 de duas universidades do Noroeste de Espanha (Galiza). Os participantes responderam ao Inventário de Perturbações Alimentares (EDI) e a um questionário desenvolvido para avaliar problemas relacionados com a alimentação. Os resultados mostraram que um número significativo de estudantes obtiveram um resultado elevado no EDI e apresentavam uma prevalência considerável de problemas relacionados com a alimentação. Com base nos dados de auto relato foi estimada que a prevalência de perturbações do comportamento alimentar nestas áreas periféricas de ambos os países não é significativamente diferente da que é comum noutros países e áreas da Europa., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PRAXIS/PCSH/P/PSI/85/96, Pograma Operacional "Ciência, Tecnologia, Inocação (POCTI) - POCTI/33252/PSI/2000.

The present study examines whether eating disorders patients with suicide attempts present differences in disordered eating and clinical traits compared to those without suicide attempts. Method: 144 patients with eating disorders (65 anorexia nervosa and 79 bulimia nervosa) completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI; Garner, Omstead & Polivy, 1983), the Symptom Checklist - 90- Revised (SCL-90; Derrogatis, 1977), and a questionnaire to assess eating behaviors and attitudes, information regarding suicide behaviors and other related traits (PQB and TIB, Cost B6, 1994). Results: Eating disorder patients with suicide attempts differed from there peers regarding to the weight history, mean of binge-purge attacks, use of vomiting to weight control, use of alcohol and psycho tropics, menstrual pattern, sexual attitude, and in some EDI and SCL-90 subscales. Discussion: The findings of the current study show that suicide attempts are related to some indices of symptom history and severity for both diagnostic groups of eating disorders., Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - POCTI/PSI/33252/99.

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