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Background: This study aims to assess breast cancer survival rates after one decade of mammography in a large urban area of Brazil., Methods: It is a population-based retrospective cohort of women with breast cancer in Campinas, São Paulo, from 2010 to 2014. Age, vital status and stage were accessed through the cancer and mortality registry, and patients records. Statistics used Kaplan-Meier, log-rank and Cox's regression., Results: Out of the 2,715 cases, 665 deaths (24.5%) were confirmed until early 2020. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.6 years. Women 50-69 years were 48.0%, and stage I the most frequent (25.0%). The overall mean survival was 8.4 years (8.2-8.5). The 5-year survival (5yOS) for overall, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 years was respectively 80.5%, 87.7%, 83.7%, 83.8% and 75.5%. The 5yOS for stages 0, I, II, III and IV was 95.2%, 92.6%, 89.4%, 71.1% and 47.1%. There was no significant difference in survival in stage I or II (p = 0.058). Compared to women 50-59 years, death's risk was 2.3 times higher for women 70-79 years and 26% lower for women 40-49 years. Concerning stage I, the risk of death was 1.5, 4.1 and 8.6 times higher, and 34% lower, respectively, for stage II, III, IV and 0., Conclusions: In Brazil, breast cancers are currently diagnosed in the early stages, although advanced cases persist. Survival rates may reflect improvements in screening, early detection and treatment. The results can reflect the current status of other regions or countries with similar health care conditions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To analyze the rates of breast cancer survival among Black and White women according to age and stage at diagnosis., Study Design: A retrospective cohort study., Methods: The study examined women registered in the population-based cancer registry of Campinas in 2010-2014. The primary variable was the declared race (White or Black). Other races were excluded. Data were linked with the Mortality Information System, and missing information was accessed by active search. Overall survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, comparisons were done by chi-squared tests, and hazard ratios were examined by Cox regression., Results: The total numbers of new cases of staged breast cancer among Black and White women were 218 and 1522 cases, respectively. The rates of stages III/IV were 35.5% among White women and 43.1% among Black women (P = 0.024). The frequencies among White and Black women under 40 years old were 8.0% and 12.4% (P = 0.031), 19.6% and 26.6% (P = 0.016) for ages of 40-49 years, and 23.8% and 17.4% (P = 0.037) for ages of 60-69 years, respectively. The mean OS was 7.5 years (7.0; 8.0) among Black women and 8.4 years (8.2; 8.5) among White women. The 5-year OS was 72.3% among Black women and 80.5% among White women (P = 0.001). Black women had an age-adjusted risk of death that was 1.7 times higher (1.33; 2.20). The risk was 6.4 times higher for diagnoses in stage 0 (1.65; 24.90) and 1.5 times for diagnoses in stage IV (1.04; 2.17)., Conclusion: The 5-year OS for women with breast cancer was significantly lower among Black women than White women. Black women were more frequently diagnosed in stages III/IV, and their age-adjusted risk of death was 1.7 times higher. Differences in access to care may explain these differences., (Copyright © 2023 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) must be precisely regulated for effective host immunity without the induction of collateral tissue damage. Here, we showed that TNF production was driven by a spleen-liver axis in a rat model of systemic inflammation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analysis of cytokine expression and secretion in combination with splenectomy and hepatectomy revealed that the spleen generated not only TNF but also factors that enhanced TNF production by the liver, the latter of which accounted for nearly half of the TNF secreted into the circulation. Using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we identified leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) as a candidate blood-borne messenger in this spleen-liver axis. LTB 4 was essential for spleen-liver communication in vivo, as well as for humoral signaling between splenic macrophages and Kupffer cells in vitro. LPS stimulated the splenic macrophages to secrete LTB 4 , which primed Kupffer cells to secrete more TNF in response to LPS in a manner dependent on LTB 4 receptors. These findings provide a framework to understand how systemic inflammation can be regulated at the level of interorgan communication., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

This paper describes a new, efficient and versatile method for the sampling and preconcentration of PAH in environmental water matrices using special hybrid magnetic carbon nanotubes. These N-doped amphiphilic CNT can be easily dispersed in any aqueous matrix due to the N containing hydrophilic part and at the same time show high efficiency for the adsorption of different PAH contaminants due to the very hydrophobic surface. After adsorption, the CNT can be easily removed from the medium by a simple magnetic separation. GC/MS analyses showed that the CNT method is more efficient than the use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with much lower solvent consumption, technical simplicity and time, showing good linearity (range 0.18-80.00 μg L(-1)) and determination coefficient (R(2) > 0.9810). The limit of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.42 μg L(-1) with limit of quantification from 0.18 to 1.40 μg L(-1). Recovery (n=9) ranged from 80.50 ± 10 to 105.40 ± 12%. Intraday precision (RSD, n=9) ranged from 1.91 to 9.01%, whereas inter day precision (RSD, n=9) ranged from 7.02 to 17.94%. The method was applied to the analyses of PAH in four lake water samples collected in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this work, unique amphiphilic magnetic hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized and used as tensioactive nanostructures in different applications. These CNTs interact very well with aqueous media due to the hydrophilic N-doped section, whereas the undoped hydrophobic one has strong affinity for organic molecules. The amphiphilic character combined with the magnetic properties of these CNTs opens the door to completely new and exciting applications in adsorption science and catalysis. These amphiphilic N-doped CNTs can also be used as powerful tensioactive emulsification structures. They can emulsify water/organic mixtures and by a simple magnetic separation the emulsion can be easily broken. We demonstrate the application of these CNTs in the efficient adsorption of various molecules, in addition to promoting biphasic processes in three different reactions, i.e. transesterification of soybean oil, quinoline extractive oxidation with H2O2 and a metal-catalyzed aqueous oxidation of heptanol with molecular oxygen.

Chiral rhodium hybrid nanocatalysts have been prepared by covalent anchorage of pyrrolidine-based diphosphine ligands onto functionalized CNTs. This work constitutes the first attempt at covalent anchoring of homogeneous chiral catalysts on CNTs. The catalysts, prepared with two different chiral phosphines, were characterized by ICP, XPS, N2 adsorption and TEM, and have been tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of two different substrates: methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate and α-acetamidocinnamic acid. The hybrid nanocatalysts have shown to be active and enantioselective in the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid. A good recyclability of the catalysts with low leaching and without loss of activity and enantioselectivity was observed.

A mesoporous carbon xerogel with a significant amount of oxygen functional groups and a commercial activated carbon, were tested in the catalytic wet air oxidation of aniline at 200 degrees C and 6.9 bar of oxygen partial pressure. Both carbon materials showed high activity in aniline and total organic carbon removal, a clear increase in the removal efficiency relatively to non-catalytic wet air oxidation being observed. The best results in terms of aniline removal were obtained with carbon xerogel, an almost complete aniline conversion after 1h oxidation with high selectivity to non-organic compounds being achieved. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, temperature programmed desorption, N(2) adsorption and scanning electron microscopy, in order to relate their performances to the chemical and textural characteristics. It was concluded that the removal efficiency, attributed to both adsorption and catalytic activity, is related to the mesoporous character of the materials and to the presence of specific oxygen containing functional groups at their surface. The effect of catalytic activity was found to be more important in the removal of aniline than the effect of adsorption at the materials surface. The results obtained indicate that mesoporous carbon xerogels are promising catalysts for CWAO processes.