15 results on '"Machaerium villosum"'
Search Results
2. Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae): Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l. Platymiscium floribundum, and Pterocarpus rotundifolius.
- Author
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Klitgaard, Bente
- Abstract
Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume trees Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum, Platymiscium floribundum, and Pterocarpus rotundifolius were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies and to elucidate if floral ontogenetic data will provide new character states diagnostic of the tribe Dalbergieae, which is considered a basal papilionoid tribe and primarily defined on fruit characters. Organ inception is principally acropetal in all taxa studied. Carpel inception is, however, consistently precocious. In D. brasiliensis sepals are initiated in an order not previously reported in Papilionoideae. It may be considered modified helical. In P. rotundifolius the inner whorl of stamens initiate in an unusual way, this is lateral two stamens first, then the two abaxial ones, and last the adaxial one, opposed to the unidirectional order usually seen in Papilionoideae. Generally the differences in flower development among the studied genera appear at initiation and late stage in ontogenesis, rather than at mid-stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Biomass and Carbon in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Minas Gerais
- Author
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Helane França Silva, Marcelo Angelo Cirillo, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Soraya Alvarenga Botelho, and Gilberto Rodrigues Liska
- Subjects
Annual increment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,natural forests ,Nectandra lanceolata ,carbon content ,lcsh:Forestry ,Carbon stock ,040101 forestry ,Forest inventory ,biology ,carbon stock ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,carbon increment ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Machaerium villosum ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Allometry ,Carbon - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to quantify the biomass and carbon stock in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest remnant in southern Minas Gerais. Forest inventory data taken between 2010 and 2013 in permanent plots, was used to estimate biomass with an allometric equation. Basic wood density (Db) and carbon content were determined in the laboratory and the carbon stock was obtained by multiplying biomass by carbon content. The species with the lowest and highest Db were Nectandra lanceolata (0.38 g cm-3) and Machaerium villosum (0.77 g cm-3). The species that showed the lowest and highest carbon content values were Casearia decandra (41.85%) and Nectandra oppositifolia (46.57%). The biomass stock for the area was 126.92 ± 0.09 t ha-1, which corresponded to 55.91 ± 0.05 t ha -1 of carbon stock and a periodic annual increment of 3.07 t ha-1 year -1.
- Published
- 2018
4. Isolation and characterization of ten new microsatellite markers in Machaerium villosum Vogel (Fabaceae)
- Author
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Vera Nisaka Solferini, João Giudice-Neto, Evandro Marsola de Moraes, Márcio José da Silva, and Rafael Flora Ramos
- Subjects
Conservation genetics ,Genetic diversity ,Linkage disequilibrium ,biology ,estrutura genética ,Locus (genetics) ,microssatélites ,biology.organism_classification ,Machaerium villosum ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Natural population growth ,Evolutionary biology ,Mata Atlântica ,lcsh:Botany ,parasitic diseases ,Botany ,Genetic structure ,conservação genética ,Microsatellite - Abstract
Machaerium villosum is an important tree species from Southeastern Brazil. We report hereby 10 new microsatellite markers to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of this species. Ninety-seven alleles were detected in 60 specimens from a natural population in Minas Gerais State. High genetic diversity has been found. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.771 and 0.802, respectively. One locus showed significant Hardy-Weinberg departure and five loci combinations showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These 10 new microsatellite loci will be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species in order to understand the fragmentation effects of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest.
- Published
- 2014
5. Isolamento e caracterização de dez marcadores microssatélites inéditos em Machaerium villosum Vogel (Fabaceae)
- Author
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Giudice-Neto, João, Ramos, Rafael Flora, Moraes, Evandro Marsola de, Silva, Márcio José da, and Solferini, Vera Nisaka
- Subjects
SSR markers ,conservation genetics ,estrutura genética ,Mata Atlântica ,genetic structure ,conservação genética ,Atlantic forest ,microssatélites ,Machaerium villosum - Abstract
Machaerium villosum is an important tree species from Southeastern Brazil. We report hereby 10 new microsatellite markers to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of this species. Ninety-seven alleles were detected in 60 specimens from a natural population in Minas Gerais State. High genetic diversity has been found. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.771 and 0.802, respectively. One locus showed significant Hardy-Weinberg departure and five loci combinations showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These 10 new microsatellite loci will be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species in order to understand the fragmentation effects of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Machaerium villosum é uma importante espécie do Sudeste do Brasil. Com a finalidade de investigar a estrutura e a diversidade genética desta espécie, foram desenvolvidos 10 marcadores microssatélites inéditos. Identificaram-se 97 alelos em 60 indivíduos de uma população localizada no Estado de Minas Gerais. Elevados índices de diversidade genética foram detectados. As heterozigosidades médias observadas e esperadas foram 0,771 e 0,802, respectivamente. Apenas um loco demonstrou desvio do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, enquanto cinco combinações de locos mostraram-se em desequilíbrio de ligação. Estes novos marcadores serão úteis para avaliar a diversidade genética de Machaerium villosum e contribuir para o entendimento do efeito da fragmentação da Mata Atlântica.
- Published
- 2014
6. Isolation and characterization of ten new microsatellite markers in Machaerium villosum Vogel (Fabaceae)
- Author
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Giudice-Neto,João, Ramos,Rafael Flora, Moraes,Evandro Marsola de, Silva,Márcio José da, and Solferini,Vera Nisaka
- Subjects
SSR markers ,conservation genetics ,parasitic diseases ,genetic structure ,Atlantic forest ,Machaerium villosum - Abstract
Machaerium villosum is an important tree species from Southeastern Brazil. We report hereby 10 new microsatellite markers to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of this species. Ninety-seven alleles were detected in 60 specimens from a natural population in Minas Gerais State. High genetic diversity has been found. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.771 and 0.802, respectively. One locus showed significant Hardy-Weinberg departure and five loci combinations showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These 10 new microsatellite loci will be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species in order to understand the fragmentation effects of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest.
- Published
- 2014
7. Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae):Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l.Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius
- Author
-
Bente B. Klitgaard
- Subjects
Gynoecium ,Botany ,Machaerium villosum ,Plant Science ,Fabaceae ,Biology ,Dalbergieae ,Tribe (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Pterocarpus rotundifolius ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sepal ,Whorl (botany) - Abstract
Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume treesDalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum, Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies and to elucidate if floral ontogenetic data will provide new character states diagnostic of the tribe Dalbergieae, which is considered a basal papilionoid tribe and primarily defined on fruit characters. Organ inception is principally acropetal in all taxa studied. Carpel inception is, however, consistently precocious. InD. brasiliensis sepals are initiated in an order not previously reported in Papilionoideae. It may be considered modified helical. InP. rotundifolius the inner whorl of stamens initiate in an unusual way, this is lateral two stamens first, then the two abaxial ones, and last the adaxial one, opposed to the unidirectional order usually seen in Papilionoideae. Generally the differences in flower development among the studied genera appear at initiation and late stage in ontogenesis, rather than at mid-stage.
- Published
- 1999
8. Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae):Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l.Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius
- Author
-
Klitgaard, Bente B.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Isolation and characterization of ten new microsatellite markers in Machaerium villosum Vogel (Fabaceae)
- Author
-
João Giudice-Neto, Rafael Flora Ramos, Evandro Marsola de Moraes, Márcio José da Silva, and Vera Nisaka Solferini
- Subjects
conservação genética ,estrutura genética ,Mata Atlântica ,microssatélites ,Machaerium villosum ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Machaerium villosum is an important tree species from Southeastern Brazil. We report hereby 10 new microsatellite markers to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of this species. Ninety-seven alleles were detected in 60 specimens from a natural population in Minas Gerais State. High genetic diversity has been found. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.771 and 0.802, respectively. One locus showed significant Hardy-Weinberg departure and five loci combinations showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These 10 new microsatellite loci will be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species in order to understand the fragmentation effects of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Temporal fluctuations in the diametric distribution patterns of the trees and shrub community and 15 populations in a forest fragment
- Author
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Ana Carolina da Silva, Pedro Higuchi, Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho, Josival Santos Souza, Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, and Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho
- Subjects
Platycyamus regnellii ,Pioneer species ,biology ,Estrutura diamétrica ,Diametric structure ,Dinâmica florestal ,Acacia ,Forestry ,Plant community ,biology.organism_classification ,Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ,Polyphylla ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Forest dynamic ,Community of trees and shrubs ,Allophylus edulis ,Botany ,Machaerium villosum ,Comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva ,Sebastiania - Abstract
Objetivando caracterizar possíveis flutuações nos padrões de distribuição diamétrica foram analisadas, num intervalo de cinco anos (2000-2005), a comunidade e as populações das 15 espécies mais abundantes do compartimento arbóreo de um remanescente de Floresta Semidecídua. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade apresentou alta concentração nas classes menores e diminuição acentuada no sentido das maiores (J-invertido), em ambos os inventários. As populações apresentaram padrões distintos, arbitrariamente distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, formado por espécies de menor porte e abundantes no sub-bosque, como Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus e Mollinedia widgrenii, e também espécies de árvores altas e pioneiras, como Acacia polyphylla e Piptadenia gonoacantha, cujas distribuições diamétricas seguiram o modelo J-invertido. Com exceção de Calycorectes acutatus, todas as demais espécies do Grupo 2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major e Cassia ferruginea) eram de maior porte, cujos adultos predominavam no dossel da floresta, elevando a área basal e apresentando densidade de indivíduos menor nas classes diamétricas inferiores. No intervalo considerado, apenas D. cuneatus alterou seu padrão de distribuição (Grupo 1-Grupo 2), enquanto as demais os acentuaram. No Grupo 1, a síndrome de dispersão preferencial era anemocórica ou autocórica, ao passo que no Grupo 2 predominava a zoocoria. Assim, o remanescente, por apresentar área pequena, forma alongada e localização semiurbana associada a um regime de intensas perturbações, pode ter ocasionado empobrecimento da fauna dispersora, prejudicando a taxa de recrutamento. Aiming to characterize possible fluctuations in the patterns of diametric distribution, the community and the populations of the 15 most abundant tree species in a fragment of semideciduous forest were analyzed in a five year interval (2000-2005). The diametric distribution of the community showed a high concentration in the smaller classes and accentuated reduction in the biggest classes (reverse-J-shape), for both surveys. The populations presented different patterns, randomly distributed in two groups. Group1, formed by species of smaller diameters and abundant in the sub-canopy, such as Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus and Mollinedia widgrenii, and also by pioneer species of high trees, Acacia polyphylla and Piptadenia gonoacantha followed the reverse-J-shape curve diametric distributions . All species of Group2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major and Cassia ferruginea) except Calycorectes acutatus, present bigger diameters, and their individual adults predominate in the forest canopy, increasing the basal area and presenting a density of smaller individuals in the lower diametric classes. In the evaluated interval, only D. cuneatus altered their distribution pattern (Group1-Group2), while the others increased. In Group1 the main dispersion syndrome is anemochory or autochory, while in Group2 the zoochory syndrome predominates. As the fragment presents a small area, elongated form and semi-urban location associated to a regime of intense disturbances, which may have caused a decrease of the fauna disperseres, compromising the recruitment rate.
- Published
- 2010
11. Spatial genetic structure within natural populations of Machaerium villosum Vog. (Leguminosae) at Moji-Guaçu region, SP, Brazil
- Author
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GIUDICE NETO,JOÃO DEL and KAGEYAMA,PAULO YOSHIO
- Subjects
spatial autocorrelation ,allozymes ,Machaerium villosum - Abstract
A spatial autocorrelation study of enzyme loci detected by starch gel electrophoresis was performed to verify the occurrence of spatial genetic structure within two natural populations of Machaerium villosum Vog. The sampled populations were termed "Antropic Model (MA)" and "Natural Model (MN)" and they are situated in Campininha Farm areas, at Moji-Guaçu municipality, 22°10'43''-22°18'19'' S and 47°8'5"-47°11'34" W, in the state of São Paulo. Ten polymorphic loci in the MA population and nine polymorphic loci in the MN population were assessed by Moran's I autocorrelation statistic. No spatial autocorrelation was detected among individuals within sampled populations. Results are in line with other studies in woody species from tropical rain forest.
- Published
- 2000
12. Spatial genetic structure within natural populations of Machaerium villosum Vog. (Leguminosae) at Moji-Guaçu region, SP, Brazil
- Author
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Paulo Yoshio Kageyama and João Del Giudice Neto
- Subjects
Tropical rain forest ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Genetic structure ,Population ,Machaerium villosum ,Forestry ,Polymorphic locus ,biology.organism_classification ,education ,spatial autocorrelation ,allozymes - Abstract
A spatial autocorrelation study of enzyme loci detected by starch gel electrophoresis was performed to verify the occurrence of spatial genetic structure within two natural populations of Machaerium villosum Vog. The sampled populations were termed "Antropic Model (MA)" and "Natural Model (MN)" and they are situated in Campininha Farm areas, at Moji-Guaçu municipality, 22°10'43''-22°18'19'' S and 47°8'5"-47°11'34" W, in the state of São Paulo. Ten polymorphic loci in the MA population and nine polymorphic loci in the MN population were assessed by Moran's I autocorrelation statistic. No spatial autocorrelation was detected among individuals within sampled populations. Results are in line with other studies in woody species from tropical rain forest. Foi realizado um estudo de autocorrelação espacial em locos enzimáticos determinados por meio de eletroforese em gel de amido, com o objetivo de verificar a existência de estrutura genética espacial entre os indivíduos de duas populações naturais de Machaerium villosum Vog. As populações amostradas foram denominadas "Modelo Antrópico (MA)" e "Modelo Natural (MN)", situando-se em áreas da Fazenda Campininha, no município de Moji-Guaçu, 22°10'43''-22°18'19'' S e 47°8'5"-47°11'34" W, estado de São Paulo. Dez locos polimórficos na população MA e nove na população MN foram analisados por meio da estatística I de Moran de autocorrelação espacial. Não foi detectada a existência de estruturação genética entre os indivíduos dentro das populações estudadas. Os resultados são similares aos obtidos em outros estudos com espécies arbóreas da floresta tropical.
- Published
- 2000
13. Measurements of biogenic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds emitted by trees from temperate warm Atlantic rainforest, Brazil
- Author
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Lilian Rothschild Franco de Carvalho, Cristina Salvador Pool, Silvana Odete Pisani, Waldir Mantovani, and Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos
- Subjects
Rainforest ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Trees ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alchornea ,Botany ,Volatile organic compound ,Organic Chemicals ,Isoprene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Ficus insipida ,Temperature ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Hydrocarbons ,Light intensity ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Machaerium villosum ,Volatilization ,Syagrus romanzoffiana ,Brazil ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This study is part of a three-year project on biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from trees of the temperate warm Atlantic rainforest found in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo City (MASP). No study of VOC emission rates from plant species has been carried out in the temperate warm Atlantic rainforest of Brazil prior to this work. Eleven species were selected (Alchornea sidifolia, Cupania oblongifolia, Cecropia pachystachia, Syagrus romanzoffiana, Casearia sylvestris, Machaerium villosum, Trema micrantha, Croton floribundus, Myrcia rostrata, Solanum erianthum and Ficus insipida) and some of them were studied in urban, sub-urban and forest areas inside the MASP in order to evaluate biogenic VOC composition at sites characterized by different emission sources. Biogenic VOC emissions were determined by placing branches of plants in a dynamic enclosure system, an all-Teflon cuvette, and by sampling the compounds in the air leaving the cuvette. Pre-concentration using adsorbents to retain the VOC, followed by GC-MS after thermal desorption of the sample, was employed to determine the amount of biogenic hydrocarbons. The collection of carbonyl compounds on a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine coated silica followed by HPLC-UV was used to analyze low molecular weight carbonyl compounds. Emission rates of isoprene, alpha-pinene, camphene and limonene ranged from 0.01 to 2.16 microg C h(-1) g(-1) and emission rates of aldehydes (C(2)-C(6)), acrolein, methacrolein and 2-butanone ranged from 1.5 x 10(-2) to 2.3 micro g C h(-1) g (-1). Ambient and leaf temperatures, relative humidity, light intensity, O(3) and NO(x) levels in the local atmosphere were monitored during experiments. It was possible to identify different biogenic VOCs emitted from typical plants of temperate warm Atlantic rainforest. The emission rates were reported as a function of the type of site investigated and were only provided for compounds for which quantification was feasible. Other biogenic compounds were only identified.
- Published
- 2005
14. A new species ofEotetranychus(Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Brazil
- Author
-
Carlos H.W. Flechtmann
- Subjects
biology ,Insect Science ,Prostigmata ,Botany ,Mite ,Machaerium villosum ,Acari ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
A new species of mite, Eotetranychus queirozi n.sp. (Acari: Tetranvchidae), is described and illustrated. It is collected from Machaerium villosum Vog. (Leguminosae), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo , Brazil.
- Published
- 1976
15. Antioxidant properties of plant extracts: An EPR and DFT comparative study of the reaction with DPPH, TEMPOL and spin trap DMPO
- Author
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Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Adevailton Bernardo dos Santos, Luciana de Avila Santos, Oswaldo Baffa, Tome M. Schmidt, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,biology ,DMPO ,DPPH ,TEMPOL ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,DFT ,law.invention ,Copaifera langsdorffii ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Chrysophyllum ,medicine ,Machaerium villosum ,Organic chemistry ,Hydroxyl radical ,Iryanthera ,EPR ,Electron paramagnetic resonance ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
This work presents a comparative study of the antioxidant activity of extracts from nine plant species belonging to the Brazilian flora - Swartzia langsdorffii, Machaerium villosum, Pterogyne nitens, Pera glabrata, Aegiphyla sellowiana, Copaifera langsdorffii, Chrysophyllum inornatum, Iryanthera juruensis, Didymopanax venosum - acting on the free-radicals DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-1-oxyl) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and acting on the hydroxyl radical (OH•) by the spin-trapping technique generated by a Fenton reaction. Results showed that the extracts of Iryanthera juruensis and Chrysophyllum inornatum display the strongest antioxidant activities. The results of scavenging tests were clarified by computational calculations - density functional theory (DFT), local density approximation (LDA) with SIESTA code - indicating that the energy released in the reduction reaction of TEMPOL is less than DPPH. Due to its availability and cost DPPH is more often used in these tests than TEMPOL, however TEMPOL should be considered when studying processes dealing with smaller energies. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo da atividade antioxidante dos extratos de nove espécies de plantas pertencentes à flora brasileira - Swartzia langsdorffii, Machaerium villosum, Pterogyne nitens, Pera glabrata, Aegiphyla sellowiana, Copaifera langsdorffii, Chrysophyllum inornatum, Iryanthera juruensis, Didymopanax venosum - neutralizando os radicais livres DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil) e TEMPOL (4-hidróxi-2,2,6,6-tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxi-1-oxil) utilizando ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (RPE), e agindo sobre os radicais hidroxila (OH•) gerados por uma reação Fenton, através da técnica de spin-trapping. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para os extratos de Iryanthera juruensis e Chrysophyllum inornatum. Os resultados dos testes foram acompanhados por cálculos computacionais dos compostos, utilizando a teoria do funcional da densidade (TFD), com aproximação local da densidade (ALD), e o código SIESTA. Os resultados indicaram que a energia liberada na reação de redução TEMPOL é inferior a DPPH. Como o DPPH é um composto de menor custo e mais disponível tem um uso mais amplo que o TEMPOL, entretanto este último deve ser considerado quando se quer estudar processos que envolvam menores energias.
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