Author: "Maciej Telszewski" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Towards a sustained and fit-for-purpose European ocean observing and forecasting system

Author: Toste Tanhua, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Nicole Köstner, Dina Eparkhina, Gabriel Navarro, Martha Bonnet Dunbar, Sabrina Speich, Ananda Pascual, Karina von Schuckmann, Giovanni Liguori, Johannes Karstensen, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Erik van Doorn, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Caroline Cusack, Emma Heslop, Ana Lara-Lopez, George Petihakis, Maciej Telszewski, Artur P. Palacz, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Jay Pearlman, Ángel Muñiz Piniella, Johanna Jacomina Heymans, and Inga Lips
Subjects: ocean observing, governance, ocean science, forecasting, global ocean observing system, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The EU funded project EuroSea brought together key actors of the European ocean observing and forecasting communities with key users of the ocean observing products and services in order to better integrate existing ocean observation systems and tools, and to improve the delivery of ocean information to users. EuroSea was constructed around the ocean observing value chain that connects observations to users of ocean information, and, just as intended, the value chain concept was a useful prism to improve the system. In this article, we summarize some of the main take-home messages from EuroSea on the needs for developing the European Ocean Observing System and its links with modeling and forecasting systems. During the project, the challenges and gaps in the design and coordination of the European ocean observing and forecasting system were identified and mapped. Many gaps and challenges related to the observations of physical, chemical and biological Essential Ocean Variables were identified. Some of these gaps are related to technological developments, while others are caused by insufficient and short-term funding leading to a not sustainable system, management, and cooperation between different entities, as well as limitations in foresight activities, policies and decisions. This article represents a compilation of the broader needs for advancing the observing and forecasting system, and is meant as a guide for the community, and to funders and investors to advance ocean observing and the delivery of ocean information in Europe. To enhance the sustainability of ocean observations, which is paramount for a reliable provision of quality oceanographic data and services, several recommendations were compiled for ocean observing networks, frameworks, initiatives, as well as the ocean observing funders within the European nations, and the European Commission.
Published: 2024
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2. A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean

Author: Marilaure Grégoire, Véronique Garçon, Hernan Garcia, Denise Breitburg, Kirsten Isensee, Andreas Oschlies, Maciej Telszewski, Alexander Barth, Henry C. Bittig, Jacob Carstensen, Thierry Carval, Fei Chai, Francisco Chavez, Daniel Conley, Laurent Coppola, Sean Crowe, Kim Currie, Minhan Dai, Bruno Deflandre, Boris Dewitte, Robert Diaz, Emilio Garcia-Robledo, Denis Gilbert, Alessandra Giorgetti, Ronnie Glud, Dimitri Gutierrez, Shigeki Hosoda, Masao Ishii, Gil Jacinto, Chris Langdon, Siv K. Lauvset, Lisa A. Levin, Karin E. Limburg, Hela Mehrtens, Ivonne Montes, Wajih Naqvi, Aurélien Paulmier, Benjamin Pfeil, Grant Pitcher, Sylvie Pouliquen, Nancy Rabalais, Christophe Rabouille, Virginie Recape, Michaël Roman, Kenneth Rose, Daniel Rudnick, Jodie Rummer, Catherine Schmechtig, Sunke Schmidtko, Brad Seibel, Caroline Slomp, U. Rashid Sumalia, Toste Tanhua, Virginie Thierry, Hiroshi Uchida, Rik Wanninkhof, and Moriaki Yasuhara
Subjects: oxygen, atlas, database, observing, mapping, data-products, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO2DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO2DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO2DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO2DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO2DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO2DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO2DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).
Published: 2021
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3. Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish — The VOICE Initiative

Author: Véronique Garçon, Johannes Karstensen, Artur Palacz, Maciej Telszewski, Tony Aparco Lara, Denise Breitburg, Francisco Chavez, Paulo Coelho, Marcela Cornejo-D’Ottone, Carmen Santos, Björn Fiedler, Natalya D. Gallo, Marilaure Grégoire, Dimitri Gutierrez, Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Kirsten Isensee, Tony Koslow, Lisa Levin, Francis Marsac, Helmut Maske, Baye C. Mbaye, Ivonne Montes, Wajih Naqvi, Jay Pearlman, Edwin Pinto, Grant Pitcher, Oscar Pizarro, Kenneth Rose, Damodar Shenoy, Anja Van der Plas, Melo R. Vito, and Kevin Weng
Subjects: oxygen minimum zones, oxycline, ocean observing system, multidisciplinary, readiness level, ecosystem, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Multidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, VOICE creates a roadmap toward observation-model syntheses for a comprehensive understanding of selected oxycline-dependent objectives. Local to global effects, such as habitat compression or deoxygenation trends, prompt for comprehensive observing of the oxycline on various space and time scales, and for an increased awareness of its impact on ecosystem services. Building on the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), we present a first readiness level assessment for ocean observing of the oxycline in EBS. This was to determine current ocean observing design and future needs in EBS regions (e.g., the California Current System, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, the Peru–Chile Current system, the Northern Benguela off Namibia, etc.) building on the FOO strategy. We choose regional champions to assess the ocean observing design elements proposed in the FOO, namely, requirement processes, coordination of observational elements, and data management and information products and the related best practices. The readiness level for the FOO elements was derived for each EBS through a similar and very general ad hoc questionnaire. Despite some weaknesses in the questionnaire design and its completion, an assessment was achievable. We found that fisheries and ecosystem management are a societal requirement for all regions, but maturity levels of observational elements and data management and information products differ substantially. Identification of relevant stakeholders, developing strategies for readiness level improvements, and building and sustaining infrastructure capacity to implement these strategies are fundamental milestones for the VOICE initiative over the next 2–5 years and beyond.
Published: 2019
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4. What We Have Learned From the Framework for Ocean Observing: Evolution of the Global Ocean Observing System

Author: Toste Tanhua, Andrea McCurdy, Albert Fischer, Ward Appeltans, Nicholas Bax, Kim Currie, Brad DeYoung, Daniel Dunn, Emma Heslop, Linda K. Glover, John Gunn, Katherine Hill, Masao Ishii, David Legler, Eric Lindstrom, Patricia Miloslavich, Tim Moltmann, Glenn Nolan, Artur Palacz, Samantha Simmons, Bernadette Sloyan, Leslie M. Smith, Neville Smith, Maciej Telszewski, Martin Visbeck, and John Wilkin
Subjects: ocean observing, governance, framework for ocean observing, sustainable development, multi-disciplinary, international, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and its partners have worked together over the past decade to break down barriers between open-ocean and coastal observing, between scientific disciplines, and between operational and research institutions. Here we discuss some GOOS successes and challenges from the past decade, and present ideas for moving forward, including highlights of the GOOS 2030 Strategy, published in 2019. The OceanObs’09 meeting in Venice in 2009 resulted in a remarkable consensus on the need for a common set of guidelines for the global ocean observing community. Work following the meeting led to development of the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO) published in 2012 and adopted by GOOS as a foundational document that same year. The FOO provides guidelines for the setting of requirements, assessing technology readiness, and assessing the usefulness of data and products for users. Here we evaluate successes and challenges in FOO implementation and consider ways to ensure broader use of the FOO principles. The proliferation of ocean observing activities around the world is extremely diverse and not managed, or even overseen by, any one entity. The lack of coherent governance has resulted in duplication and varying degrees of clarity, responsibility, coordination and data sharing. GOOS has had considerable success over the past decade in encouraging voluntary collaboration across much of this broad community, including increased use of the FOO guidelines and partly effective governance, but much remains to be done. Here we outline and discuss several approaches for GOOS to deliver more effective governance to achieve our collective vision of fully meeting society’s needs. What would a more effective and well-structured governance arrangement look like? Can the existing system be modified? Do we need to rebuild it from scratch? We consider the case for evolution versus revolution. Community-wide consideration of these governance issues will be timely and important before, during and following the OceanObs’19 meeting in September 2019.
Published: 2019
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5. A Surface Ocean CO2 Reference Network, SOCONET and Associated Marine Boundary Layer CO2 Measurements

Author: Rik Wanninkhof, Penelope A. Pickers, Abdirahman M. Omar, Adrienne Sutton, Akihiko Murata, Are Olsen, Britton B. Stephens, Bronte Tilbrook, David Munro, Denis Pierrot, Gregor Rehder, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Jens D. Müller, Joaquin Trinanes, Kathy Tedesco, Kevin O’Brien, Kim Currie, Leticia Barbero, Maciej Telszewski, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Melchor González-Dávila, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicolas Metzl, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Richard A. Feely, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Siv K. Lauvset, Taro Takahashi, Tobias Steinhoff, and Ute Schuster
Subjects: carbon dioxide, network, oceanography, fluxes, best practices, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 NETwork (SOCONET) and atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) CO2 measurements from ships and buoys focus on the operational aspects of measurements of CO2 in both the ocean surface and atmospheric MBLs. The goal is to provide accurate pCO2 data to within 2 micro atmosphere (μatm) for surface ocean and 0.2 parts per million (ppm) for MBL measurements following rigorous best practices, calibration and intercomparison procedures. Platforms and data will be tracked in near real-time and final quality-controlled data will be provided to the community within a year. The network, involving partners worldwide, will aid in production of important products such as maps of monthly resolved surface ocean CO2 and air-sea CO2 flux measurements. These products and other derivatives using surface ocean and MBL CO2 data, such as surface ocean pH maps and MBL CO2 maps, will be of high value for policy assessments and socio-economic decisions regarding the role of the ocean in sequestering anthropogenic CO2 and how this uptake is impacting ocean health by ocean acidification. SOCONET has an open ocean emphasis but will work with regional (coastal) networks. It will liaise with intergovernmental science organizations such as Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), and the joint committee for and ocean and marine meteorology (JCOMM). Here we describe the details of this emerging network and its proposed operations and practices.
Published: 2019
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6. An Enhanced Ocean Acidification Observing Network: From People to Technology to Data Synthesis and Information Exchange

Author: Bronte Tilbrook, Elizabeth B. Jewett, Michael D. DeGrandpre, Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Richard A. Feely, Dwight K. Gledhill, Lina Hansson, Kirsten Isensee, Meredith L. Kurz, Janet A. Newton, Samantha A. Siedlecki, Fei Chai, Sam Dupont, Michelle Graco, Eva Calvo, Dana Greeley, Lydia Kapsenberg, Marine Lebrec, Carles Pelejero, Katherina L. Schoo, and Maciej Telszewski
Subjects: Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network, Sustainable Development Goal, ocean acidification, ecosystem stressors, capacity building, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: A successful integrated ocean acidification (OA) observing network must include (1) scientists and technicians from a range of disciplines from physics to chemistry to biology to technology development; (2) government, private, and intergovernmental support; (3) regional cohorts working together on regionally specific issues; (4) publicly accessible data from the open ocean to coastal to estuarine systems; (5) close integration with other networks focusing on related measurements or issues including the social and economic consequences of OA; and (6) observation-based informational products useful for decision making such as management of fisheries and aquaculture. The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON), a key player in this vision, seeks to expand and enhance geographic extent and availability of coastal and open ocean observing data to ultimately inform adaptive measures and policy action, especially in support of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. GOA-ON works to empower and support regional collaborative networks such as the Latin American Ocean Acidification Network, supports new scientists entering the field with training, mentorship, and equipment, refines approaches for tracking biological impacts, and stimulates development of lower-cost methodology and technologies allowing for wider participation of scientists. GOA-ON seeks to collaborate with and complement work done by other observing networks such as those focused on carbon flux into the ocean, tracking of carbon and oxygen in the ocean, observing biological diversity, and determining short- and long-term variability in these and other ocean parameters through space and time.
Published: 2019
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7. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Author: Jay Pearlman, Mark Bushnell, Laurent Coppola, Johannes Karstensen, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Francoise Pearlman, Pauline Simpson, Michele Barbier, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Peter Pissierssens, Cyndy Chandler, Juliet Hermes, Emma Heslop, Reyna Jenkyns, Eric P. Achterberg, Manuel Bensi, Henry C. Bittig, Jerome Blandin, Julie Bosch, Bernard Bourles, Roberto Bozzano, Justin J. H. Buck, Eugene F. Burger, Daniel Cano, Vanessa Cardin, Miguel Charcos Llorens, Andrés Cianca, Hua Chen, Caroline Cusack, Eric Delory, Rene Garello, Gabriele Giovanetti, Valerie Harscoat, Susan Hartman, Robert Heitsenrether, Simon Jirka, Ana Lara-Lopez, Nadine Lantéri, Adam Leadbetter, Giuseppe Manzella, Joan Maso, Andrea McCurdy, Eric Moussat, Manolis Ntoumas, Sara Pensieri, George Petihakis, Nadia Pinardi, Sylvie Pouliquen, Rachel Przeslawski, Nicholas P. Roden, Joe Silke, Mario N. Tamburri, Hairong Tang, Toste Tanhua, Maciej Telszewski, Pierre Testor, Julie Thomas, Christoph Waldmann, and Fred Whoriskey
Subjects: best practices, sustainability, interoperability, digital repository, peer review, ocean observing, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.
Published: 2019
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8. Marine Plastics EOV and common sampling protocol

Author: Artur Palacz, Maciej Telszewski, Toste Tanhua, and Emma Heslop
Abstract: This deliverable describes the process of establishing global coordination for sustained observations of marine plastics litter as a new type of Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) addressing the aspect of observing human impacts on the ocean. The document reports on the EuroSea efforts to implement a community vision for an Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS) as a new element of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). First version of the Marine Plastics Litter EOV Specification Sheet is included. Progress towards establishing common sampling protocols for marine plastic litter in Europe and beyond are described.
Published: 2022
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9. A vision for FAIR ocean data products

Author: Anton Velo, Akihiko Murata, Henry C. Bittig, Stephen C Diggs, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toste Tanhua, Richard A. Feely, Kevin D. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Emil Jeansson, Marta Álvarez, Maciej Telszewski, Masao Ishii, Eugene Burger, Alex Kozyr, Robert M. Key, Rik Wanninkhof, Mario Hoppema, Peter J. Brown, Siv K. Lauvset, Carsten Schirnick, Bronte Tilbrook, Benjamin Pfeil, Nico Lange, Fiz F. Pérez, Brendan R. Carter, Tanhua, T. [0000-0002-0313-2557], Álvarez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Bittig, Henry C. [0000-0002-8621-3095], Brown, P. [0000-0002-1152-1114], Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia [0000-0001-8035-1430], Hoppema, M. [0000-0002-2326-619X], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Jeansson, Emil [0000-0002-2501-3479], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Schirnick, C. [0000-0003-4111-9174], Steinfeldt, R. [0000-0002-3704-3990], Tilbrook, Bronte [0000-0001-9385-3827], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Tanhua, T., Álvarez, Marta, Bittig, Henry C., Brown, P., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, M., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, C., Steinfeldt, R., Tilbrook, Bronte, and Velo, A.
Subjects: Resource (biology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Data products, Global warming, Carbon sink, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Data submission, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sea surface temperature, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Carbon dioxide, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: 4 pages, 1 figure.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, The ocean is mitigating global warming by absorbing large amounts of excess carbon dioxide from human activities. To quantify and monitor the ocean carbon sink, we need a state-of-the-art data resource that makes data submission and retrieval machine-compatible and efficient, This effort has been supported by EU Horizon 2020 through the EuroSea action (grant no. 862626), the Helmholtz Association through “Digital Earth” (grant no. ZT-0025), L.C.C. acknowledges the UERJ/Prociencia grant (2018-2021), M.H. acknowledge EU Horizon 2020 action SO-CHIC (grant N°821001). B.C., R.A.F., E.B., K.O’.B., and R.W. were supported by NOAA/OAR and NOAA/GOMO (fund ref. 100007298), B.T. was partly supported by Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), S.K.L. acknowledges internal strategic funding from NORCE Climate, M.T. acknowledges support from the US NSF grant OCE-1840868 to SCOR. The PMEL and CICOES contributions are 5253 and 2020-1141, respectively
Published: 2021
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10. Training the Next Generation of Marine Biogeochemists

Author: Gregor Rehder, Henry C. Bittig, Artur Palacz, and Maciej Telszewski
Subjects: Aeronautics, Computer science, Training (meteorology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: Early-career scientists came together recently to learn to use a suite of ocean biogeochemical sensors, with the goal of closing the knowledge gap between ocean technology and potential end users.
Published: 2019
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11. A Surface Ocean CO2 Reference Network, SOCONET and Associated Marine Boundary Layer CO2 Measurements

Author: Jens Daniel Müller, Siv K. Lauvset, Tobias Steinhoff, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Penelope A. Pickers, Mario Hoppema, Britton B. Stephens, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Gregor Rehder, Taro Takahashi, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Nicholas R. Bates, Melchor González-Dávila, Ute Schuster, Leticia Barbero, Denis Pierrot, Are Olsen, K. O'Brien, Masao Ishii, Joaquin Trinanes, Richard A. Feely, Maciej Telszewski, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Akihiko Murata, Adrienne J. Sutton, K. Tedesco, Kim I. Currie, Rik Wanninkhof, Bronte Tilbrook, Abdirahman M Omar, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Newport] (PMEL), Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Electrónica e Computación
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine boundary layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Surface ocean, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Fuxes, best practices, 14. Life underwater, oceanography, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Co2 flux, carbon dioxide, Ocean acidification, Pelagic zone, fluxes, 13. Climate action, network, Environmental science, lcsh:Q
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 NETwork (SOCONET) and atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) CO2 measurements from ships and buoys focus on the operational aspects of measurements of CO2 in both the ocean surface and atmospheric MBLs. The goal is to provide accurate pCO2 data to within 2 micro atmosphere (μatm) for surface ocean and 0.2 parts per million (ppm) for MBL measurements following rigorous best practices, calibration and intercomparison procedures. Platforms and data will be tracked in near real-time and final quality-controlled data will be provided to the community within a year. The network, involving partners worldwide, will aid in production of important products such as maps of monthly resolved surface ocean CO2 and air-sea CO2 flux measurements. These products and other derivatives using surface ocean and MBL CO2 data, such as surface ocean pH maps and MBL CO2 maps, will be of high value for policy assessments and socio-economic decisions regarding the role of the ocean in sequestering anthropogenic CO2 and how this uptake is impacting ocean health by ocean acidification. SOCONET has an open ocean emphasis but will work with regional (coastal) networks. It will liaise with intergovernmental science organizations such as Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), and the joint committee for and ocean and marine meteorology (JCOMM). Here we describe the details of this emerging network and its proposed operations and practices RW, AS, LB, DP, JT, NB, TT, RF, KO’B, and KT were supported by the NOAA office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, including the Ocean Observations and Monitoring Division (OOMD), funding reference #100007298 and PMEL contribution #4893. AO and SL were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (ICOS-Norway 245927). MT acknowledges support from the United States National Science Foundation grant OCE-1840868 to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States). US was supported by the European AtlantOS project (Grant Agreement #633211), RINGO project (Grant Agreement #730944), the United Kingdom NERC SONATA project (Grant No. NE/P021417/1), and RAGNARoCC project (Grant No. NE/K002473/1). PP was supported by the NERC SONATA project. MH was partly supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 01LK1224I; ICOS-D). BT was supported by the Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System. NCAR was sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation SI
Published: 2019
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12. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Author: Peter Pissierssens, Rene Garello, Mark Bushnell, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Nadia Pinardi, Reyna Jenkyns, Eric P. Achterberg, Roberto Bozzano, Miguel Charcos Llorens, Ana Lara-Lopez, George Petihakis, Eric Moussat, Andres Cianca, Adam Leadbetter, Fred Whoriskey, Pierre Testor, Manuel Bensi, Julie Bosch, Sylvie Pouliquen, Francoise Pearlman, Emma Heslop, Bernard Bourlès, Christoph Waldmann, E. Delory, Simon Jirka, Mario N. Tamburri, Jay Pearlman, Manolis Ntoumas, Giuseppe Manzella, Rachel Przeslawski, Caroline Cusack, Henry C. Bittig, Vanessa Cardin, Eugene Burger, Laurent Coppola, Juliet Hermes, Toste Tanhua, Joan Masó, Valerie Harscoat, Julie Thomas, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Jerome Blandin, Gabriele Giovanetti, Maciej Telszewski, Justin J. H. Buck, Daniel Cano, Hua Chen, C. L. Chandler, Johannes Karstensen, Robert Heitsenrether, Hairong Tang, Nicholas P. Roden, Andrea McCurdy, Joe Silke, Sara Pensieri, Pauline Simpson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Susan E. Hartman, Nadine Lanteri, Michele Barbier, IEEE, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Mediterranean Science Commission, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS BREST), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR065, Centre de Télédétection et d'Analyse des Milieux Naturels (CTAMN), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Wuhan Technology and Business University, Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 52North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software GmbH (52°N), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Institute [Oranmore], ETT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARM), University of Bremen, European Project: 633211,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,AtlantOS(2015), European Project: 654310,H2020,H2020-INFRASUPP-2014-2,ODIP 2(2015), European Project: 730960, SeaDataCloud(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pearlman J., Bushnell M., Coppola L., Karstensen J., Buttigieg P.L., Pearlman F., Simpson P., Barbier M., Muller-Karger F.E., Munoz-Mas C., Pissierssens P., Chandler C., Hermes J., Heslop E., Jenkyns R., Achterberg E.P., Bensi M., Bittig H.C., Blandin J., Bosch J., Bourles B., Bozzano R., Buck J.J., Burger E.F., Cano D., Cardin V., Llorens M.C., Cianca A., Chen H., Cusack C., Delory E., Garello R., Giovanetti G., Harscoat V., Hartman S., Heitsenrether R., Jirka S., Lara-Lopez A., Lanteri N., Leadbetter A., Manzella G., Maso J., McCurdy A., Moussat E., Ntoumas M., Pensieri S., Petihakis G., Pinardi N., Pouliquen S., Przeslawski R., Roden N.P., Silke J., Tamburri M.N., Tang H., Tanhua T., Telszewski M., Testor P., Thomas J., Waldmann C., and Whoriskey F.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Best practice, Interoperability, Ontologie, interoperability, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Market fragmentation, Documentation, Ontologies, best practices, ontologies, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, digital repository, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ocean observing, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scale (chemistry), Methodologie, sustainability, Ocean observing, Data science, Digital repository, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Software deployment, Semantic technology, lcsh:Q, Methodologies, methodologies
Abstract: The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.
Published: 2019
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13. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Abdirahman M Omar, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Christopher W. Hunt, Richard A. Feely, Camilla S. Landa, Liliane Merlivat, Lisa L. Robbins, Akira Kuwata, K. Smith, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Jacqueline Boutin, Betty Huss, Naomi Greenwood, Yann Bozec, Bernd Schneider, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Mario Hoppema, Adrienne J. Sutton, S. Hankin, Tsuneo Ono, Bronte Tilbrook, Wiley Evans, Kim I. Currie, Leticia Barbero, David R. Munro, Matthias Tuma, Stewart C Sutherland, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, S. Harasawa, Denis Pierrot, Catherine Goyet, Brian Ward, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, R. D. Castle, K. O'Brien, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Eugene Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Jérôme Harlay, Joe Salisbury, Arne Körtzinger, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Akihiko Murata, Frank J. Millero, Tobias Steinhoff, Carlos F. Balestrini, Truls Johannessen, Melissa Chierici, Alex Kozyr, Andrew J. Watson, Catherine E Cosca, Ingunn Skjelvan, Taro Takahashi, Charles Featherstone, Nicolas Metzl, Agneta Fransson, Chisato Wada, Ralph F. Keeling, David A. Pearce, Steven van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Rainer Sieger, Matthew P. Humphreys, Kevin F. Sullivan, Reiner Schlitzer, Rik Wanninkhof, Timothy Newberger, K. Paterson, Vassilis Kitidis, Suqing Xu, Siv K. Lauvset, Liqi Chen, Nicholas R. Bates, Ute Schuster, Colm Sweeney, Frédéric Bonou, Luke Gregor, Roland Schweitzer, Claire Lo Monaco, S. Saito, Benjamin Pfeil, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Jeremy T. Mathis, Stephen D. Jones, Maciej Telszewski, and Simone R. Alin
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, equatorial pacific, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Data products, interannual variability, Computer science, Surface ocean, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Upload, Documentation, carbon sink, north-atlantic, 14. Life underwater, southern-ocean, flux variability, atlantic-ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, atmospheric co2, Data collection, Database, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, neural-network, Earth system science, Data set, mixed-layer scheme, Upgrade, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, computer
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.
Published: 2016
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14. Air–sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

Author: Scott C. Doney, Vinu Valsala, Geun-Ha Park, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Maciej Telszewski, Hideyuki Nakano, Olivier Aumont, Yukihiro Nojiri, S. Nakaoka, Prabir K. Patra, Yosuke Niwa, C. E. Cosca, H. Sugimoto, Ivan D. Lima, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Andrew Lenton, Masao Ishii, John P. Dunne, Rik Wanninkhof, Keith B. Rodgers, Richard A. Feely, Taro Takahashi, Daisuke Sasano, Oceanography and Geochemistry Research Department (OGRD), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)-Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Global Environment and Marine Department [Tokyo], Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), and Columbia University [New York]
Subjects: Subduction, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Co2 flux, lcsh:Life, Biogeochemistry, Pacific ocean, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Period (geology), Upwelling, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Ecology, Surface water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Air–sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO2 influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO2 efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air–sea CO2 flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i.e., the North Pacific extratropics (18–66° N), the tropical Pacific (18° S–18° N), and the South Pacific extratropics (44.5–18° S). These approaches include those based on the measurements of CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO2sw), inversions of ocean-interior CO2 data, forward ocean biogeochemistry models embedded in the ocean general circulation models (OBGCMs), a model with assimilation of pCO2sw data, and inversions of atmospheric CO2 measurements. Long-term means, interannual variations and mean seasonal variations of the regionally integrated fluxes were compared in each of the sub-basins over the last two decades, spanning the period from 1990 through 2009. A simple average of the long-term mean fluxes obtained with surface water pCO2 diagnostics and those obtained with ocean-interior CO2 inversions are −0.47 ± 0.13 Pg C yr−1 in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.44 ± 0.14 Pg C yr−1 in the tropical Pacific, and −0.37 ± 0.08 Pg C yr−1 in the South Pacific extratropics, where positive fluxes are into the atmosphere. This suggests that approximately half of the CO2 taken up over the North and South Pacific extratropics is released back to the atmosphere from the tropical Pacific. These estimates of the regional fluxes are also supported by the estimates from OBGCMs after adding the riverine CO2 flux, i.e., −0.49 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1 in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.41 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1 in the tropical Pacific, and −0.39 ± 0.11 Pg C yr−1 in the South Pacific extratropics. The estimates from the atmospheric CO2 inversions show large variations amongst different inversion systems, but their median fluxes are consistent with the estimates from climatological pCO2sw data and pCO2sw diagnostics. In the South Pacific extratropics, where CO2 variations in the surface and ocean interior are severely undersampled, the difference in the air–sea CO2 flux estimates between the diagnostic models and ocean-interior CO2 inversions is larger (0.18 Pg C yr−1). The range of estimates from forward OBGCMs is also large (−0.19 to −0.72 Pg C yr−1). Regarding interannual variability of air–sea CO2 fluxes, positive and negative anomalies are evident in the tropical Pacific during the cold and warm events of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in the estimates from pCO2sw diagnostic models and from OBGCMs. They are consistent in phase with the Southern Oscillation Index, but the peak-to-peak amplitudes tend to be higher in OBGCMs (0.40 ± 0.09 Pg C yr−1) than in the diagnostic models (0.27 ± 0.07 Pg C yr−1).
Published: 2018
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15. Biogeochemical In Situ Observations – Motivation, Status, and New Frontiers

Author: Maciej Telszewski, Artur Palacz, and Albert Fischer
Published: 2018
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16. Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters

Author: Michael R. Roman, Moriaki Yasuhara, S. W. A. Naqvi, Lisa A. Levin, Jing Zhang, Denise L. Breitburg, Daniel J. Conley, Denis Gilbert, Maciej Telszewski, Andreas Oschlies, Francisco P. Chavez, Ivonne Montes, Nancy N. Rabalais, Kenneth A. Rose, Brad A. Seibel, Kirsten Isensee, Marilaure Grégoire, Karin E. Limburg, Grant C. Pitcher, Dimitri Gutiérrez, Gil S. Jacinto, and Véronique Garçon
Subjects: purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#6.03.01 [https], 0106 biological sciences, Ocean deoxygenation, Aquatic Organisms, Conservation of Natural Resources, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceans and Seas, Adaptation, Biological, Fisheries, Climate change, Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, Animals, Seawater, Temporal scales, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#6.01.01 [https], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Oxygen, Oceanography, Greenhouse gas, Upwelling, Climate model, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: BACKGROUND Oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have been declining since at least the middle of the 20th century. This oxygen loss, or deoxygenation, is one of the most important changes occurring in an ocean increasingly modified by human activities that have raised temperatures, CO 2 levels, and nutrient inputs and have altered the abundances and distributions of marine species. Oxygen is fundamental to biological and biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Its decline can cause major changes in ocean productivity, biodiversity, and biogeochemical cycles. Analyses of direct measurements at sites around the world indicate that oxygen-minimum zones in the open ocean have expanded by several million square kilometers and that hundreds of coastal sites now have oxygen concentrations low enough to limit the distribution and abundance of animal populations and alter the cycling of important nutrients. ADVANCES In the open ocean, global warming, which is primarily caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, is considered the primary cause of ongoing deoxygenation. Numerical models project further oxygen declines during the 21st century, even with ambitious emission reductions. Rising global temperatures decrease oxygen solubility in water, increase the rate of oxygen consumption via respiration, and are predicted to reduce the introduction of oxygen from the atmosphere and surface waters into the ocean interior by increasing stratification and weakening ocean overturning circulation. In estuaries and other coastal systems strongly influenced by their watershed, oxygen declines have been caused by increased loadings of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic matter, primarily from agriculture; sewage; and the combustion of fossil fuels. In many regions, further increases in nitrogen discharges to coastal waters are projected as human populations and agricultural production rise. Climate change exacerbates oxygen decline in coastal systems through similar mechanisms as those in the open ocean, as well as by increasing nutrient delivery from watersheds that will experience increased precipitation. Expansion of low-oxygen zones can increase production of N 2 O, a potent greenhouse gas; reduce eukaryote biodiversity; alter the structure of food webs; and negatively affect food security and livelihoods. Both acidification and increasing temperature are mechanistically linked with the process of deoxygenation and combine with low-oxygen conditions to affect biogeochemical, physiological, and ecological processes. However, an important paradox to consider in predicting large-scale effects of future deoxygenation is that high levels of productivity in nutrient-enriched coastal systems and upwelling areas associated with oxygen-minimum zones also support some of the world’s most prolific fisheries. OUTLOOK Major advances have been made toward understanding patterns, drivers, and consequences of ocean deoxygenation, but there is a need to improve predictions at large spatial and temporal scales important to ecosystem services provided by the ocean. Improved numerical models of oceanographic processes that control oxygen depletion and the large-scale influence of altered biogeochemical cycles are needed to better predict the magnitude and spatial patterns of deoxygenation in the open ocean, as well as feedbacks to climate. Developing and verifying the next generation of these models will require increased in situ observations and improved mechanistic understanding on a variety of scales. Models useful for managing nutrient loads can simulate oxygen loss in coastal waters with some skill, but their ability to project future oxygen loss is often hampered by insufficient data and climate model projections on drivers at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Predicting deoxygenation-induced changes in ecosystem services and human welfare requires scaling effects that are measured on individual organisms to populations, food webs, and fisheries stocks; considering combined effects of deoxygenation and other ocean stressors; and placing an increased research emphasis on developing nations. Reducing the impacts of other stressors may provide some protection to species negatively affected by low-oxygen conditions. Ultimately, though, limiting deoxygenation and its negative effects will necessitate a substantial global decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, as well as reductions in nutrient discharges to coastal waters.
Published: 2018
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17. Mapping of sea surface nutrients in the North Pacific: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability

Author: S. Nakaoka, Tsuneo Ono, Yukihiro Nojiri, Sayaka Yasunaka, Maciej Telszewski, and Frank A. Whitney
Subjects: Geophysics, Oceanography, Nutrient, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, business.industry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Distribution (economics), business, Pacific basin
Published: 2014
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18. The Ocean is Losing its Breath: Declining Oxygen in the Worlds Ocean and Coastal Waters

Author: Andreas Oschlies, Andreas Oschlies, Brad Seibel, Daniel Conley, Denise Breitburg, Denis Gilbert, Dimitri Gutierrez, Francisco Chavez, Gil Jacinto, Grant Pitcher, Ivonne Montes, Jing Zhang, Karin Limburg, Kenny Rose, Kirsten Isensee, Lisa Levin, Maciej Telszewski, Marilaure Grégoire, Mike Roman, Moriaki Yasuhara, Nancy Rabalais, Véronique Garçon, Wajih Naqvi, Andreas Oschlies, Andreas Oschlies, Brad Seibel, Daniel Conley, Denise Breitburg, Denis Gilbert, Dimitri Gutierrez, Francisco Chavez, Gil Jacinto, Grant Pitcher, Ivonne Montes, Jing Zhang, Karin Limburg, Kenny Rose, Kirsten Isensee, Lisa Levin, Maciej Telszewski, Marilaure Grégoire, Mike Roman, Moriaki Yasuhara, Nancy Rabalais, Véronique Garçon, and Wajih Naqvi
Abstract: 'The Ocean is Losing its Breath' presents a summary of scientific experiments, observations and numerical models addressing the following questions: How has the oxygen content in the open ocean and coastal waters changed over the past century and through geological time? What are the mechanisms behind this oxygen decline? How is ocean oxygen content predicted to change over the rest of the twenty-first century? What are the consequences of low and declining oxygen concentrations in the marine environment? This document was prepared by a group of concerned scientists from across the world, the IOC expert group, the Global Ocean Oxygen Network GO2 NE, established in 2016, which is committed to providing a global and multidisciplinary view on deoxygenation, with a focus on understanding its various aspects and impacts.
Published: 2018

19. Estimating temporal and spatial variation of ocean surface pCO2 in the North Pacific using a self-organizing map neural network technique

Author: Maciej Telszewski, Yukihiro Nojiri, Sayaka Yasunaka, Hitoshi Mukai, C. Miyazaki, N. Usui, and S. Nakaoka
Subjects: Sea surface temperature, La Niña, Biogeochemical cycle, Mixed layer, Climatology, Environmental science, Biogeochemistry, Spatial variability, Longitude, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, Latitude
Abstract: This study uses a neural network technique to produce maps of the partial pressure of oceanic carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 sea ) in the North Pacific on a 0.25° latitude × 0.25° longitude grid from 2002 to 2008. The p CO 2 sea distribution was computed using a self-organizing map (SOM) originally utilized to map the p CO 2 sea in the North Atlantic. Four proxy parameters – sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth, chlorophyll a concentration, and sea surface salinity (SSS) – are used during the training phase to enable the network to resolve the nonlinear relationships between the p CO 2 sea distribution and biogeochemistry of the basin. The observed p CO 2 sea data were obtained from an extensive dataset generated by the volunteer observation ship program operated by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). The reconstructed p CO 2 sea values agreed well with the p CO 2 sea measurements, with the root-mean-square error ranging from 17.6 μatm (for the NIES dataset used in the SOM) to 20.2 μatm (for independent dataset). We confirmed that the p CO 2 sea estimates could be improved by including SSS as one of the training parameters and by taking into account secular increases of p CO 2 sea that have tracked increases in atmospheric CO 2 . Estimated p CO 2 sea values accurately reproduced p CO 2 sea data at several time series locations in the North Pacific. The distributions of p CO 2 sea revealed by 7 yr averaged monthly p CO 2 sea maps were similar to Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory p CO 2 sea climatology, allowing, however, for a more detailed analysis of biogeochemical conditions. The distributions of p CO 2 sea anomalies over the North Pacific during the winter clearly showed regional contrasts between El Nino and La Nina years related to changes of SST and vertical mixing.
Published: 2013
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20. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author: Reiner Schlitzer, Joe Salisbury, Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue, J. Akl, Yukihiro Nojiri, Andrea J. Fassbender, Fiz F. Pérez, Jeremy Malczyk, Bronte Tilbrook, Arne Körtzinger, Rainer Sieger, Ludger Mintrop, Liliane Merlivat, X. A. Padín, Ingunn Skjelvan, Peter J. Brown, G.-H. Park, Are Olsen, Robert M. Key, C.S. Wong, Wei-Jun Cai, Simone R. Alin, Melchor González-Dávila, David J. Hydes, Richard A. Feely, K. Tedesco, T. Veness, Christopher W. Hunt, A. Chen, Y. Nakano, K. Paterson, Christopher L. Sabine, Aki Murata, Truls Johannessen, C. Cosca, Maciej Telszewski, Denis Pierrot, A. Nakadate, Nicolas Metzl, Siv K. Lauvset, Alain Poisson, Mario Hoppema, S. Nakaoka, S. Hankin, A. Lourantou, Christoph Heinze, Taro Takahashi, Benjamin Pfeil, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Masao Ishii, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, C. Miyazaki, Alexander Kozyr, Francisco P. Chavez, Tobias Steinhoff, Catherine Goyet, Takashi Midorikawa, Andrew Lenton, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Birgit Schneider, T. Suzuki, Aida F. Ríos, Jacqueline Boutin, H. Koyuk, Douglas Vandemark, Alberto Borges, Ray F. Weiss, Ute Schuster, Abdirahman M Omar, Helmuth Thomas, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Andrew J. Watson, Richard G. J. Bellerby, Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Data products, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface ocean, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], viruses, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, parasitic diseases, 14. Life underwater, User needs, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Temporal interpolation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, virus diseases, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Regional differences
Abstract: Sabine, C. L. et al., As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO2) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions)., SOCAT is promoted by IOCCP, the Sur- face Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program. Douglas Wallace (Dalhousie University, Canada and former SOLAS chair) has strongly encouraged SOCAT. Support has been received from the University of Bergen (Norway), the Bjerknes Centre for Cli- mate Research (Norway), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States), the University of Washington (United States), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (United States), the University of East Anglia (United Kingdom), PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Ger- many), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), the CarboOcean (Norway, GOCE 511176-1) and CarboChange (Norway, FP7 264879) projects of the European Union, the US National Science Foundation (United States, OCE-1068958), the international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States, OCE-0938349), and the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE / H017046 / 1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural A ff airs). Support for SOCAT meetings has been received from IOCCP, IMBER, the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 735 (United Kingdom), Geomar (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia).
Published: 2013
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21. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Karl Smith, Cathy Cosca, Sumiko Harasawa, Stephen D. Jones, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Ute Schuster, Tobias Steinhoff, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Bronte Tilbrook, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Simone R. Alin, Carlos F. Balestrini, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Frédéric Bonou, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Eugene F. Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Robert D. Castle, Liqi Chen, Melissa Chierici, Kim Currie, Wiley Evans, Charles Featherstone, Richard A. Feely, Agneta Fransson, Catherine Goyet, Naomi Greenwood, Luke Gregor, Steven Hankin, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Jérôme Harlay, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christopher W. Hunt, Betty Huss, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Truls Johannessen, Ralph Keeling, Vassilis Kitidis, Arne Körtzinger, Alex Kozyr, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Akira Kuwata, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Claire Lo Monaco, Ansley Manke, Jeremy T. Mathis, Liliane Merlivat, Frank J. Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Akihiko Murata, Timothy Newberger, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Kristina Paterson, David Pearce, Denis Pierrot, Lisa L. Robbins, Shu Saito, Joe Salisbury, Reiner Schlitzer, Bernd Schneider, Roland Schweitzer, Rainer Sieger, Ingunn Skjelvan, Kevin F. Sullivan, Stewart C. Sutherland, Adrienne J. Sutton, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Maciej Telszewski, Matthias Tuma, Steven M. A. C. Van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Brian Ward, Andrew J. Watson, and Suqing Xu
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 010505 oceanography, 14. Life underwater, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.5 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.4 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "Living Data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).
Published: 2016
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22. Estimating the monthly pCO2 distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network

Author: Ute Schuster, X. A. Padín, Truls Johannessen, Abdirahman M Omar, C. Moulin, Andrew J. Watson, Tobias Steinhoff, A. Chazottes, Maciej Telszewski, Melchor González-Dávila, M. Santana-Casiano, Are Olsen, H. Lüger, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Arne Körtzinger, Aida F. Ríos, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, and Rik Wanninkhof
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Self-organizing map, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Artificial neural network, Mixed layer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Range (statistics), Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Longitude, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Here we present monthly, basin-wide maps of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) for the North Atlantic on a 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid for years 2004 through 2006 inclusive. The maps have been computed using a neural network technique which reconstructs the non-linear relationships between three biogeochemical parameters and marine pCO2. A self organizing map (SOM) neural network has been trained using 389 000 triplets of the SeaWiFS-MODIS chlorophyll-a concentration, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis sea surface temperature, and the FOAM mixed layer depth. The trained SOM was labelled with 137 000 underway pCO2 measurements collected in situ during 2004, 2005 and 2006 in the North Atlantic, spanning the range of 208 to 437 μatm. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the neural network fit to the data is 11.6 μatm, which equals to just above 3 per cent of an average pCO2 value in the in situ dataset. The seasonal pCO2 cycle as well as estimates of the interannual variability in the major biogeochemical provinces are presented and discussed. High resolution combined with basin-wide coverage makes the maps a useful tool for several applications such as the monitoring of basin-wide air-sea CO2 fluxes or improvement of seasonal and interannual marine CO2 cycles in future model predictions. The method itself is a valuable alternative to traditional statistical modelling techniques used in geosciences.
Published: 2009
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23. Supplement to Physical Exchanges at the Air–Sea Interface: UK–SOLAS Field Measurements

Author: Michael D. DeGrandpre, Meric Srokosz, Stephen D. Archer, Sarah J. Norris, Dickon Young, John Prytherch, John Stephens, Barry J. Huebert, Craig Neill, James B. McQuaid, Michael H. Smith, Eric A. D'Asaro, Ute Schuster, Ping-Chang Hsueh, Matthew Salter, Hans A. Slagter, Ian M. Brooks, Laura Goldson, Timothy G. Leighton, John W. H. Dacey, A. Anthony Bloom, Hendrik J. Zemmelink, Peter K. Taylor, Maciej Telszewski, Barbara Brooks, Bengamin I. Moat, Rachael Beale, Brian Ward, M. K. Hill, Margaret J. Yelland, Matt Horn, Gerrit de Leeuw, Paul Smith, Justin J. N. Lingard, David K. Woolf, William M. Drennan, David M. Coles, Simon O'Doherty, Gerald Moore, Cory M. Beatty, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Mike Rebozo, Craig McNeil, Philip D. Nightingale, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Roisin Walsh, John Cluderay, Erik Sahlée, M.I. Liddicoat, Byron Blomquist, Jo Dixon, Ingunn Skjelvan, Joseph Gabriele, and Robin W. Pascal
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, French horn, media_common.quotation_subject, Art history, 030206 dentistry, Art, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Kingdom, 0302 clinical medicine, 13. Climate action, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: This document is a supplement to “Physical Exchanges at the Air–Sea Interface: UK–SOLAS Field Measurements,” by Ian M. Brooks, Margaret J. Yelland, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Philip D. Nightingale, Steve Archer, Eric d’Asaro, Rachael Beale, Cory Beatty, Byron Blomquist, A. Anthony Bloom, Barbara J. Brooks, John Cluderay, David Coles, John Dacey, Michael DeGrandpre, Jo Dixon, William M. Drennan, Joseph Gabriele, Laura Goldson, Nick Hardman-Mountford, Martin K. Hill, Matt Horn, Ping-Chang Hsueh, Barry Huebert, Gerrit de Leeuw, Timothy G. Leighton, Malcolm Liddicoat, Justin J. N. Lingard, Craig McNeil, James B. McQuaid, Ben I. Moat, Gerald Moore, Craig Neill, Sarah J. Norris, Simon O’Doherty, Robin W. Pascal, John Prytherch, Mike Rebozo, Erik Sahlee, Matt Salter, Ute Schuster, Ingunn Skjelvan, Hans Slagter, Michael H. Smith, Paul D. Smith, Meric Srokosz, John A. Stephens, Peter K. Taylor, Maciej Telszewski, Roisin Walsh, Brian Ward, David K. Woolf, Dickon Young, and Henk Zemmelink (Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 629–644) • ©2009 American Meteorological Society • Corresponding author: Ian M. Brooks, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom • E-mail: i.brooks@see.leeds.ac.uk • DOI:10.1175/2008BAMS2578.2
Published: 2009
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24. Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean

Author: Michael P. Meredith, Peter J. Brown, Brice Loose, Maciej Telszewski, Steve D Jones, Mario Hoppema, Sinhue Torres-Valdes, Andrew J. Watson, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Loïc Jullion, Rik Wanninkhof, Elizabeth M. Jones, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Nathional Oceanography Centre, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Project: GOCE-511176-1, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ( IBP ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory ( AOML ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), and European Project : GOCE-511176-1
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, air-sea exchange of CO2, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, neural network, 01 natural sciences, Total inorganic carbon, Ocean gyre, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Weddell Sea Bottom Water, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010505 oceanography, Carbon sink, Biological pump, Weddell Gyre, Marine Sciences, Oceanography, observations, ocean carbon cycle, 13. Climate action, Deep ocean water, Upwelling, Oceanic carbon cycle, Geology
Abstract: The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual-cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO2 observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 ± 0.010 Pg C yr−1 derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air-to-sea CO2 flux of 0.002 ± 0.007 Pg C yr−1 (mean 1998–2011) to 0.012 ± 0.024 Pg C yr−1 (mean 2008–2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 ± 0.021 Pg C yr−1. Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales., Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29 (3), ISSN:0886-6236, ISSN:1944-9224
Published: 2015
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25. Tracking the Variable North Atlantic Sink for Atmospheric CO 2

Author: Maciej Telszewski, Jón Ólafsson, Rik Wanninkhof, X. Antonio Padin, Tobias Steinhoff, Antoine Corbière, Christoph Heinze, Andrew J. Watson, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Melchor González-Dávila, Judith Hauck, Arne Körtzinger, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Truls Johannessen, Nicolas Metzl, Benjamin Pfeil, Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Oschlies, Aida F. Ríos, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Nicholas R. Bates, Ute Schuster, Are Olsen, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Flux, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceans, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, North Atlantic, Oceanography, Carbon dioxide, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Thermohaline circulation, Oceanic basin
Abstract: 3 páginas, 1 tabla, 3 figuras.-- Watson, Andrew J. ... et al., The oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Historically, observations have been too sparse to allow accurate tracking of changes in rates of CO2 uptake over ocean basins, so little is known about how these vary. Here, we show observations indicating substantial variability in the CO2 uptake by the North Atlantic on time scales of a few years. Further, we use measurements from a coordinated network of instrumented commercial ships to define the annual flux into the North Atlantic, for the year 2005, to a precision of about 10%. This approach offers the prospect of accurately monitoring the changing ocean CO2 sink for those ocean basins that are well covered by shipping routes.
Published: 2009
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26. An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author: Abdirahman M Omar, Jacqueline Boutin, T. Suzuki, Sara Jutterström, Aida F. Ríos, Reiner Schlitzer, Tobias Steinhoff, Arne Körtzinger, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, H. Sun, S. van Heuven, J. Akl, T. Ichikawa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Andrew J. Watson, Leticia Barbero, Denis Pierrot, K. O'Brien, Z. Gao, Kevin Sullivan, Richard A. Feely, Rainer Sieger, R. D. Castle, Mario Hoppema, Aki Murata, Peter Landschützer, Truls Johannessen, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Nobuo Tsurushima, Liliane Merlivat, Melissa Chierici, Alex Kozyr, Tsuneo Ono, H. J. W. de Baar, C. Cosca, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Betty Huss, Francisco P. Chavez, Christopher W. Hunt, Wiley Evans, K. Smith, Nicolas Metzl, Wei-Jen Huang, Agneta Fransson, Adrienne J. Sutton, Chisato Wada, K. Paterson, Kim I. Currie, Liqi Chen, Elizabeth M. Jones, Geun-Ha Park, Doug Vandemark, Penny Vlahos, Jerry Tjiputra, Taro Takahashi, Are Olsen, Siv K. Lauvset, Rik Wanninkhof, Wei-Jun Cai, Vassilis Kitidis, Nicholas R. Bates, Ute Schuster, Timothy Newberger, Colm Sweeney, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Bronte Tilbrook, S. Harasawa, Jeremy T. Mathis, S. Saito, Benjamin Pfeil, Maciej Telszewski, Steve D Jones, Burke Hales, Simone R. Alin, Joe Salisbury, Yukihiro Nojiri, Christopher L. Sabine, Yann Bozec, S. Hankin, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Delaware [Newark], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, University of Berlin, Marine Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Norwegian Polar Institute, School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM SNO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud, Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), University of New Hampshire (UNH), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chemistry Department [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Department of chemistry and Biochemistry (DCB), Brigham Young University (BYU), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Marine Information Research Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Department of Oceanography [Halifax] (DO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Ocean Ecosystems, and Isotope Research
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, WATER FCO(2), PACIFIC, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Data products, Meteorology, Surface ocean, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Set (abstract data type), CARBON-DIOXIDE, Data acquisition, CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY, AIR-SEA FLUX, PCO(2) VARIABILITY, 14. Life underwater, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, SOUTHERN-OCEAN, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Data processing, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Carbon sink, Metadata, lcsh:Geology, NORTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN, ANTARCTIC PENINSULA, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: 22 páginas, 9 figuras, 10 tablas.-- D. C. E. Bakker ... et al.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.-- Proyecto Carbochange, The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models, Support for SOCAT has been received from the University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway), the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA), PANGAEA ® Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879) and GEO- CARBON (FP7 283080), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US, OCE-0938349), the US National Science Foundation (OCE-1068958), Swedish Research Council projects (2009–2994; 2008–6228; 2009–2994) and the Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE).
Published: 2014
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27. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Denis Pierrot, Aki Murata, Truls Johannessen, Benjamin Pfeil, A. Nakadate, S. Hankin, Jeremy Malczyk, Ludger Mintrop, X. A. Padín, Jerry Tjiputra, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M Omar, C.S. Wong, Robert M. Key, Wei-Jun Cai, Steve D Jones, Burke Hales, Reiner Schlitzer, Rainer Sieger, Siv K. Lauvset, Francisco P. Chavez, Peter Landschützer, G.-H. Park, Christopher L. Sabine, Liliane Merlivat, Mario Hoppema, Ray F. Weiss, Helmuth Thomas, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Taro Takahashi, Ute Schuster, C. Miyazaki, Maria Hood, K. Tedesco, Richard G. J. Bellerby, Maciej Telszewski, Alexander Kozyr, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Tobias Steinhoff, Douglas Vandemark, Takashi Midorikawa, Jacqueline Boutin, Bronte Tilbrook, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Joe Salisbury, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, David J. Hydes, Alberto Borges, R. Wanninkhof, Heather Koyuk, T. Veness, Masao Ishii, Yukihiro Nojiri, Andrew J. Watson, K. Paterson, T. Suzuki, Simone R. Alin, Melchor González-Dávila, N. R. Bates, Aida F. Ríos, Alain Poisson, Christoph Heinze, Richard A. Feely, Andrew Lenton, Birgit Schneider, Christopher W. Hunt, A. Lourantou, Catherine Goyet, Andrea J. Fassbender, Peter J. Brown, C. Cosca, Nicolas Metzl, S. Nakaoka, J. Akl, Arne Körtzinger, Fiz F. Pérez, Ingunn Skjelvan, Y. Nakano, A. Chen, Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue, Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface ocean, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Cruise, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], computer.software_genre, Data type, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Data collection, Database, Uniform - quality, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geology, Data point, Data access, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, computer
Abstract: 19 páginas, 6 tablas, 4 figuras.-- B. Pfeil ... et al.-- Proyecto Carbochange.-- Distribuido bajo licencia Creative Commons, A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities., Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Uni Research (Norway), US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), University of East Anglia (UEA, UK), PANGAEA
Published: 2013
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28. Global data products help assess changes to ocean carbon sink

Author: Maciej Telszewski, Alex Kozyr, Heather Koyuk, Jeremy Malczyk, Ansley Manke, Christopher L. Sabine, S. Hankin, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Are Olsen, Nicolas Metzl, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, synthesis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, Climate change, coastal, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Global warming, carbon dioxide, Carbon sink, Ocean acidification, ocean, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, sense organs
Abstract: Net oceanic uptake of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces global warming but also leads to ocean acidification [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. Understanding and predicting changes in the ocean carbon sink are critical to assessments of future climate change. Surface water CO2 measurements suggest large year-to-year variations in oceanic CO2 uptake for several regions [Doney et al., 2009]. However, there is much debate on whether these changes are cyclical or indicative of long-term trends. Sustained, globally coordinated observations of the surface ocean carbon cycle and systematic handling of such data are essential for assessing variation and trends in regional and global ocean carbon uptake, information necessary for accurate estimates of global and national carbon budgets.
Published: 2012
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29. Climate impacts on the structures of the North Pacific air-sea CO2 flux variability

Author: Yukihiro Nojiri, Maciej Telszewski, Vinu Valsala, Shamil Maksyutov, Motoyoshi Ikeda, Ragu Murtugudde, and S. Nakaoka
Subjects: El Niño Southern Oscillation, Flux (metallurgy), Data products, Surface ocean, Homogeneous, Climatology, Environmental science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pacific decadal oscillation, Earth-Surface Processes, Secular variation, Carbon cycle
Abstract: Some dominant spatial and temporal structures of the North Pacific air-sea CO2 fluxes in response to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are identified in four data products from four independent sources: an assimilated CO2 flux product, two forward model solutions, and a gridded pCO2 dataset constructed with a neural network approach. The interannual variability of CO2 flux is found to be an order of magnitude weaker compared to the seasonal cycle of CO2 flux in the North Pacific. A statistical approach is employed to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstructed dataset to delineate the representativity errors. The dominant variability with a signal-to-noise ratio above one is identified and its correlations with PDO are examined. A tentative four-box structure in the North Pacific air-sea CO2 flux variability linked to PDO emerges in which two positively correlated boxes are oriented in the northwest and southeast directions and contrarily, the negatively correlated boxes are oriented in the northeast and southwest directions. This pattern is verified with the CO2 and pCO2 from four products and its relations to the interannual El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and lower-frequency PDO are separately identified. A combined EOF analysis between air-sea CO2 flux and key variables representing ocean-atmosphere interactions is carried out to elicit robust oscillations in the North Pacific CO2 flux in response to the PDO. The proposed spatial and temporal structures of the North Pacific CO2 fluxes are insightful since they separate the secular trends of the surface ocean carbon from the interannual variability. The regional characterization of the North Pacific in terms of PDO and CO2 flux variability is also instructive for determining the homogeneous oceanic domains for the Regional Carbon Cycle and Assessment Processes (RECCAP).
Published: 2011
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30. PHYSICAL EXCHANGES AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE UK-SOLAS Field Measurements

Author: Robin W. Pascal, Justin J. N. Lingard, William M. Drennan, John A. Stephens, Barry J. Huebert, John W. H. Dacey, Ian M. Brooks, Craig McNeil, Craig Neill, M.I. Liddicoat, Philip D. Nightingale, Gerrit de Leeuw, Laura Goldson, Ingunn Skjelvan, John Cluderay, James B. McQuaid, Matthew Salter, Jo Dixon, Barbara Brooks, Gerald Moore, Peter K. Taylor, Roisin Walsh, Ute Schuster, Paul Smith, Martin K. Hill, Steve D. Archer, Rachael Beale, Hans A. Slagter, Timothy G. Leighton, Brian Ward, A. Anthony Bloom, Matt Horn, David M. Coles, Simon O'Doherty, Byron Blomquist, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Maciej Telszewski, Joseph Gabriele, Ericic d'Asaro, Mike Rebozo, Henk Zemmelink, Ben Moat, Ping-Chang Hsueh, Meric Srokosz, Nick Hardman-Mountford, Dickon Young, Margaret J. Yelland, David K. Woolf, Cory M. Beatty, Erik Sahlée, Michael D. DeGrandpre, Sarah J. Norris, John Prytherch, Michael H. Smith, and Ocean Ecosystems
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, WATER GAS-EXCHANGE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Eddy covariance, FLUX MEASUREMENTS, BREAKING WAVES, 01 natural sciences, BUBBLE POPULATIONS, Wind speed, 010309 optics, Atmosphere, WIND-SPEED, SURFACE MICROLAYER, TRACER, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, FLOW DISTORTION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Breaking wave, COMBINATION FREQUENCY TECHNIQUE, Sea spray, Aerosol, Current (stream), ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES, VOID FRACTION MEASUREMENTS, Environmental science
Abstract: As part of the U. K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects-DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE-undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosol-size spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
Published: 2009

31. Improving Intercomparability of Marine Biogeochemical Time Series

Author: Laura Lorenzoni, Heather M. Benway, and Maciej Telszewski
Subjects: Series (stratigraphy), Biogeochemical cycle, Oceanography, Natural cycle, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem, Global change
Abstract: Shipboard biogeochemical time series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to quantify marine elemental fluxes and associated biogeochemical processes and to understand their links to changing climate. They provide the long, temporally resolved data sets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem variability and change. However, to monitor and differentiate natural cycles and human-driven changes in the global oceans, time series methodologies must be transparent and intercomparable when possible. To review current shipboard biogeochemical time series sampling and analytical methods, the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP; http://www.ioccp.org/) and the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program (http://www.us-ocb.org/) convened an international ocean time series workshop at the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences.
Published: 2013
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31 results on '"Maciej Telszewski"'

1. Towards a sustained and fit-for-purpose European ocean observing and forecasting system

2. A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean

3. Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish — The VOICE Initiative

4. What We Have Learned From the Framework for Ocean Observing: Evolution of the Global Ocean Observing System

5. A Surface Ocean CO2 Reference Network, SOCONET and Associated Marine Boundary Layer CO2 Measurements

6. An Enhanced Ocean Acidification Observing Network: From People to Technology to Data Synthesis and Information Exchange

7. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

8. Marine Plastics EOV and common sampling protocol

9. A vision for FAIR ocean data products

10. Training the Next Generation of Marine Biogeochemists

11. A Surface Ocean CO2 Reference Network, SOCONET and Associated Marine Boundary Layer CO2 Measurements

12. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

13. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

14. Air–sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

15. Biogeochemical In Situ Observations – Motivation, Status, and New Frontiers

16. Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters

17. Mapping of sea surface nutrients in the North Pacific: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability

18. The Ocean is Losing its Breath: Declining Oxygen in the Worlds Ocean and Coastal Waters

19. Estimating temporal and spatial variation of ocean surface pCO2 in the North Pacific using a self-organizing map neural network technique

20. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

21. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

22. Estimating the monthly pCO2 distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network

23. Supplement to Physical Exchanges at the Air–Sea Interface: UK–SOLAS Field Measurements

24. Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean

25. Tracking the Variable North Atlantic Sink for Atmospheric CO 2

26. An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)

27. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

28. Global data products help assess changes to ocean carbon sink

29. Climate impacts on the structures of the North Pacific air-sea CO2 flux variability

30. PHYSICAL EXCHANGES AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE UK-SOLAS Field Measurements

31. Improving Intercomparability of Marine Biogeochemical Time Series

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31 results on '"Maciej Telszewski"'

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