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Seventeen Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from bleeding cankers of various broadleaf hosts and oak rhizosphere soil in Great Britain. The strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Raoultella based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on four protein-encoding genes (fusA, leuS, pyrG, and rpoB), separated the strains into three clusters within the Raoultella genus clade. The majority of strains clustered with the type strain of Raoultella terrigena, with the remaining strains divided into two clusters with no known type strain. Whole genome sequencing comparisons confirmed these two clusters of strains as belonging to two novel Raoultella species which can be differentiated phenotypically from their current closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, two novel species are proposed: Raoultella scottia sp. nov. (type strain = BAC 10a-01-01T = LMG 33072T = CCUG 77096T) and Raoultella lignicola sp. nov. (type strain = TW_WC1a.1T = LMG 33073T = CCUG 77094T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the translation of photographic realism into moving photographic image within the medium. It highlights the use of mediums for the production of reality images through optical photochemical process by war correspondents Charles Bean and Frank Hurley during the Great War. It also discusses the history and evolution of cinematographic realism.

Background: Identification of risk factors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is critical for improving therapies and understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pathogenesis. We analyzed 184 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in Livingston, New Jersey for clinical characteristics associated with severe disease. The majority of patients with COVID‐19 had diabetes mellitus (DM) (62.0%), Pre‐DM (23.9%) with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), or a body mass index >30 with normal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) (4.3%). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with new and persistent hyperglycemia in 29 patients, including several with normal HbA1C levels. Forty‐four patients required intubation, which occurred significantly more often in patients with DM as compared with non‐diabetics. Severe COVID‐19 occurs in the presence of impaired glucose metabolism in patients, including those with DM, preDM, and obesity. COVID‐19 is associated with elevated FBG and several patients presented with new onset DM or in DKA. The association of dysregulated glucose metabolism and severe COVID‐19 suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis involves a novel interplay with glucose metabolism. Exploration of pathways by which SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts glucose metabolism is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing therapies. Highlights: The vast majority of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients had diabetes mellitus (60.2%), prediabetes (23.9%) or obesity alone (4.3%).All COVID‐19 patients requiring intubation were diabetic, obese or both.SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with new and persistent hyperglycemia in non‐diabetics, consistent with new‐onset diabetes, and with diabetic‐ketoacidosis in diabetics.At presentation, a patient s diabetes status, BMI, A1C level and initial blood glucose level, along with age, can be used to identify patients at‐risk for severe COVID‐19.Through a novel pathogenic interaction with glucose metabolism, SARS‐CoV‐2 worsens hyperglycemia, which, in turn, worsens severity of COVID‐19 pneumonia.Elucidation and understanding this unique interaction between virus and host could lead to COVID‐19 therapeutic strategies, which target glucose metabolism alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current discussions around the practice of cinematography are focusing on the extension, or disruption, of the art-form as it is increasingly practiced in the realm of the virtual. The process of performing cinematography in a virtual environment is discussed initially by reflecting on the work of early cinematographers compared and contrasted with the work of modern cinematographers. Following this, comparisons are made between current leading examples of virtual cinematography in the discipline. Traditional and 'new' virtual practices of cinematography are unpacked through the prism of concepts proposed by theorists Jean Baudrillard (Simulacra and Simulation 1995) and Charles Pierce (Triadic Model of Indexical, Iconic and Symbolic Signs). Conceptually, this paper argues the practice of the contemporary cinematographer is, in style and substance, much the same as the very earliest cinematographic practice. In conclusion, a summation of the application of the leading methodological virtual cinematographic processes to the independent, low-budget, feature film Space/Time (Michael O'Halloran, 2017a (in-production)) is discussed by the author who is also the director of photography for this film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]