Search

Introduction: Sushruta said that the Sira Vedha (phlebotomy) at Dakshin Kurpara Sandhi (Right Elbow Joint) as a therapy for Yakrit Vikara (Liver Diseases). Modern science also on the same page that phlebotomy treatment for some liver diseases but did not mention the exact site for phlebotomy. Similarly, there is variation in the withdrawal of blood and time duration, every research study indicating different quantity to be withdrawn and the interval between two sessions. In the context of Ayurveda, both the things mentioned earlier are mentioned well in advance. Still, because of a lack of clinical evidence, one cannot confidently practice it in routine exercise. Thus, there is a need to validate Sushruta's principle with clinical evidence for liver diseases. Methodology: Twenty eligible patients who had Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Grade I/II were enrolled in the pilot study and randomly allotted for control (group A) and trial group (group B). Obtained written informed consent, each patient's blood serum was taken for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and lipid profile. Then, group A patients were advised only diet alterations. Group B patients underwent diet alteration and Sira Vedha (phlebotomy) with 65 cc blood three times by the interval of 15 days. Before every phlebotomy, checked hemoglobin for safety purposes to discontinued the patient. The blood sample was taken before recruitment in the study and after the last follow-up, i.e., the 60th. Day—observation & Results: Compared the serum values of the first and final follow-up. Twenty patients (12 males and eight females) were enrolled, and the mean average age was 34.8 ± 7.84 years. This pilot study suggested that there was the improvement in liver enzymes and lipid profile significantly (P < 0.050) in group B compared to group A. Still, the changes that occurred with the treatment are not good enough to exclude the possibility that the difference was due to chance or because of small sample size. So, we can conclude that phlebotomy can improve liver enzymes and lipid profiles in patients with NAFLD.

The prime causative factors for all the disease is faulty life style and dietetics which is being followed frequently, leads to many diseases. Low back pain is one among them. Low back pain (Katishoola) is most expensive & benign condition in industrialized countries. It is one of the most frequent symptoms encountered by adults. The annual prevalence of LBP is 15-45%. Aims and objective-To evaluate the role of dietetics & life style modern era and working pattern in progression of low back ache. Material and method- Survey work was carried out on working group of Gujarat ayurveda university employees, OPD and IPD patients having low back ache on the basis of specially prepared proforma and questionnaires including present era lifestyle, working pattern and diet pattern. Total 91 patients were surveyed. Maximum numbers of patients were in age between 31-40 yr. The person doing mainly labour and/or clerical work, having shift and night duty, long time sitting on one place with improper posture, excessive walking (>3hr daily), bending posture, Standing type work (>3hr daily), >2hr travelling daily were affected more. Vishamashana, abhishyandi aaharsevan, consuming oily food, stress, irregular bowel habit, disturbed sleep, ratrijagaran, vegdhaarana etc. were observed as nidana. Conclusion- Faulty life style and diet pattern leads to accumulation and provocation of respective dosha and development of various life style related diseases and one of them is low back ache.

Higher eukaryotes contain a wide variety of repetitive DNA, although their functions often remain unknown. We describe cloning, chromosomal localization, copy number assessment, and transcriptional status of 1378- and 673-bp repeat fractions in the buffalo genome. The pDS5, representing the 1378-bp fragment, showed FISH signals in the centromeric region of acrocentric chromosomes only, whereas pDS4, corresponding to 673 bp, detected signals in the centromeric regions of all the chromosomes. Crosshybridization studies of pDS5 and pDS4 with genomic DNA from different sources showed signals only in buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep. Real-time PCR analysis uncovered 1234 and 3420 copies of pDS5 and pDS4 fragments per the haploid genome, corresponding to 30 and 68 copies per chromosome, respectively. Analysis of cDNA from different tissues of buffalo with Real-time PCR showed maximum expression of pDS5 and pDS4 in the spleen and liver, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed a close relationship between buffalo and cattle. The prospect of this approach in comparative genomics is highlighted.

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a well-characterized ubiquitous enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway. It catalyzes the reversible isomerization of D-glucopyranose-6-phosphate and D-fructofuranose-6-phosphate and is present in all living cells. However, there is interspecies variation at the level of the primary structure which sometimes produces heterogeneity at the structural and functional levels. In order to evaluate and characterize the mycobacterial PGI, the gene encoding the PGI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was cloned in pET-22b(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The target DNA was PCR amplified from the bacterial artificial chromosome using specific primers and cloned under the control of T7 promoter. Upon induction with IPTG, the recombinant PGI (rPGI) expressed partly as soluble protein and partly as inclusion bodies. The rPGI from the soluble fraction was purified to near homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. Mass spectrum analysis of the purified rPGI revealed its mass to be 61.45 kDa. The purified rPGI was enzymatically active and the specific activity was 600 U/mg protein. The K {sub m} of rPGI was determined to be 0.318 mM for fructose-6-phosphate and the K {sub i} was 0.8 mM for 6-phosphogluconate. The rPGI exhibited optimal activity at 37 deg C and pH 9.0, and did notmore » require mono- or divalent cations for its activity.« less

We conducted minisatellite-associated sequence amplification (MASA) with an oligo (5' CACCTCTCCACCTGCC 3') based on consensus of 33.15 repeat loci using cDNA from the testis, ovary, spleen, kidney, heart, liver, and lung of water buffalo Bubalus bubalis and uncovered 25 amplicons of six different sizes (1,263, 846/847, 602, 576, 487, and 324 base pairs). These fragments, cloned and sequenced, were found to represent several functional, regulatory, and structural genes. Blast search of all the 25 amplicons showed homologies with 43 transcribing genes across the species. Of these, the 846/847-bp fragment, having homology with the adenylate kinase gene, showed nucleotide changes at six identical places in the ovary and testis. The 1,263; 324; and 487-bp fragments showed homology with the secreted modular calcium binding protein (SMOC-1), leucine-rich repeat neuronal 6A (LRRN6A) mRNA, and human TTTY5 mRNA, respectively. Real-time PCR showed maximum expression of AKL, LRRN6A, and T-cell receptor gamma (TCR-gamma)-like genes in the testis, SMOC-1 in the liver, and the T-cell receptor-like (TCRL) gene in the spleen compared to those used as endogenous control. We construe that these genes have evolved from a common progenitor and conformed to various biological functions during the course of evolution. MASA approach coupled with real-time PCR has potentials to uncover accurate expression of a large number of genes within and across the species circumventing the screening of cDNA library.

A rapid method for fixation and embedding of plant materials, especially pterido-phytes, is suggested. Addition of tannic acid following osmication improved the visualization of membranes. Staining en bloc with uranyl acetate between osmication and tannic acid is suggested for tissues infected with fungi and bacteria.