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This paper examines Elif Shafak’s feminine discourse in her novel Black Milk, on writing, motherhood, and the harem within from a Hegelian dialectical perspective to explore the diversities and multiplicity of the self in a postmodern world. The novel primarily explores a woman’s complex identity rather than the conventional man-woman dualism that marked previous feminist ideologies. Her themes that revolve around issues of singlehood, motherhood, and diversity within the self will be discussed in the light of the Hegelian terms “being,” “nothing,” and “becoming” that are characteristics of the phases of the postmodern-postfeminist character in the novel., Este artículo examina el discurso femenino de Elif Shafak en su novela Black Milk, la escritura, la maternidad y el haren interior desde una perspectiva dialéctica Hegeliana para explorar las diversidades y multiplicidad del yo en un mundo posmoderno. La novela explora principalmente la identidad compleja de una mujer en lugar del dualismo convencional hombre-mujer que marcó las ideologías feministas anteriores. Sus temas que giran en torno a cuestiones de soltería, maternidad y diversidad dentro del yo serán discutidos a la luz de los términos hegelianos "ser", "nada" y "devenir" que son características de las fases del carácter posmoderno-posfeminista en la novela.

Ion bombardment is a suitable tool to improve tribological properties of polymers. In this study UHMWPE samples were bombarded with 130 keV He ions to the fluences ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 2 x 10(16) cm(-2). RBS and NRA techniques were applied to study compositional transformations induced by ion beam bombardment. Important hydrogen release was observed with increasing ion dose and was correlated with the linear energy transfer (LET). Another important effect observed was the rapid oxidation of samples, which apparently occurs after exposure of implanted samples to the air. Oxygen uptake continues during the prolonged storage of the samples in the air at RT. Up to 10 at.% of oxygen can be incorporated in the implanted layer. Changes of surface layer composition produced important increase in the layer hardness. Scratch tests revealed that the hardening of surface layers does not lead to their higher brittleness.

Ion bombardment is a suitable tool to improve tribological properties of polymers. In this study UHMWPE samples were bombarded with 130 keV He ions to the fluences ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 2 x 10(16) cm(-2). RBS and NRA techniques were applied to study compositional transformations induced by ion beam bombardment. Important hydrogen release was observed with increasing ion dose and was correlated with the linear energy transfer (LET). Another important effect observed was the rapid oxidation of samples, which apparently occurs after exposure of implanted samples to the air. Oxygen uptake continues during the prolonged storage of the samples in the air at RT. Up to 10 at.% of oxygen can be incorporated in the implanted layer. Changes of surface layer composition produced important increase in the layer hardness. Scratch tests revealed that the hardening of surface layers does not lead to their higher brittleness.

Changes of surface layer composition produced by ion bombardment of polyethylene and polypropylene samples were studied. These materials are under consideration for load bearing surfaces in biological and technical applications. To improve their tribological properties surface layers are usually modified by ionizing radiation. To study mechanism of transformations induced by ion beam bombardment selected polymers were implanted with H, He and Ar ions to the fluences ranging from 3x1014 to 2x1016 1/cm². RBS and NRA techniques were applied for sample analysis. Important hydrogen release was observed with increasing ion dose and was correlated with the ion stopping power. Another important effect observed was the rapid oxidation of samples, which apparently occurs after exposure of implanted samples to the air. Up to 10 at.% of oxygen can be incorporated in the implanted layer.

Changes of surface layer composition produced by ion bombardment of polyethylene and polypropylene samples were studied. These materials are under consideration for load bearing surfaces in biological and technical applications. To improve their tribological properties surface layers are usually modified by ionizing radiation. To study mechanism of transformations induced by ion beam bombardment selected polymers were implanted with H, He and Ar ions to the fluences ranging from 3x1014 to 2x1016 1/cm². RBS and NRA techniques were applied for sample analysis. Important hydrogen release was observed with increasing ion dose and was correlated with the ion stopping power. Another important effect observed was the rapid oxidation of samples, which apparently occurs after exposure of implanted samples to the air. Up to 10 at.% of oxygen can be incorporated in the implanted layer.

Interface mixing between ZrO2 and Fe by Kr ion irradiation was studies in order to understand atomic effects of adhesion of ceramics on metals. No formation of new phases was observed. The main effect is connected with the redistribution of oxygen near the interface. It was followed with RBS and TEM.