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L’infection par le virus de l’hépatite E (HEV) peut entraîner une hépatite aiguë chez l’Homme. Le plus souvent asymptomatique, l’infection peut évoluer vers des formes chroniques ou sévères entraînant des insuffisances hépatiques majeures. Dans les pays industrialisés, l’origine du HEV est zoonotique et son principal réservoir est le porc. Les contaminations par le HEV surviennent fréquemment après l’ingestion de produits à base de foie de porc consommés crus ou insuffisamment cuits. Dans les élevages intensifs, la présence du HEV dans les foies de porc est généralement associée à un abattage précoce (6 mois) ou à une infection des animaux peu de temps avant l’abattage. En France, la prévalence du HEV dans les foies de porc à l’abattoir est de 3 %. En Corse, les porcs sont élevés principalement de manière extensive et sont abattus à un âge avancé de plus de 12 mois. Afin d’étudier l’impact de cette pratique sur le nombre de foies infectés par le HEV qui entrent dans la chaîne alimentaire, 1197 foies ont été prélevés dans les deux abattoirs principaux de Corse. Parmi ceux-ci, 1083 provenaient d’animaux âgés de 12 à 48 mois. Les échantillons étaient issus d’élevages de 12 des 14 régions du territoire corse et 1054 provenaient d’élevages semi-extensifs et extensifs.L’analyse sérologique a permis de déterminer que 88,5 % des porcs échantillonnés possédaient des anticorps anti-HEV. Parmi les foies de porcs adultes (> 12 mois), 0,18 % contenaient des ARN HEV. Alors que chez les porcs de moins de 12 mois, une prévalence globale de 5,3 % a été trouvée, avec uniquement des porcelets âgés de 2-3 mois positifs (6/12). Les séquences obtenues à partir des échantillons de foies positifs correspondent aux génotypes 3c et 3f et sont génétiquement proches des souches retrouvées précédemment en Corse. La présence de virus infectieux dans deux broyats de foies de porcelets a été confirmée en suivant la réplication du HEV dans les cellules HepaRG pendant 45 jours. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence la faible prévalence du HEV dans les foies de porcs âgés de plus de 12 mois (0,18 %), malgré une circulation active du virus dans les élevages corses. Cette forte circulation entraîne une infection précoce (2-3 mois) des animaux. L’utilisation exclusive de foies d’animaux âgés de plus de 12 mois dans la fabrication de produits locaux à base de foie cru de porc réduirait le risque HEV pour le consommateur.

International audience; The past decades have seen growing sanitary events, strongly affecting animal health and thus questioning the classical ways of designing disease management strategies. Moreover, the growing knowledge on pathosystem dynamics, especially when involving wild fauna, and the tendency of official authorities to delegate the implementation of health policies to regional professional actors, raise important issues on how to design disease management strategies with stakeholders. In Corsica, the Aujezsky disease, caused by a virus shared by domestic pigs and wild boars, has been persistent for the past thirty years with a high prevalence, despite the various strategies designed and implemented. After Continental France has been recognized as free of Aujeszky disease in 2008, French authorities in Corsica have been looking for a way to build an efficient management system in order to eradicate this disease. The partial failure of an experimental plan conducted from 2011 to 2013, led researchers from INRA to propose an experimental participative approach to design a new strategy. This communication aims to present the first results of a round of participative workshops, held in 2015, and involving a large diversity of stakeholders (farmers, official services, veterinarians, animal health farmer associations, regional agricultural chambers, hunters, researchers…). These workshops allowed us to build a systemic representation of the Aujeszky disease problem, integrating its different dimensions (technical, biological, organizational, regulations…) and to create an arena where stakeholders involvement is legitimated through knowledge hybridization processes, enhanced by the collective search of solutions.; En las últimas décadas se han registrado crecientes acontecimientos sanitarios que afectan fuertemente a la salud animal y cuestionan así las formas clásicas de diseñar estrategias de manejo de enfermedades. Además, el creciente conocimiento de la dinámica de los patógenos, especialmente cuando se trata de la fauna silvestre, y la tendencia de las autoridades oficiales a delegar la aplicación de las políticas de salud a los actores profesionales regionales, plantean cuestiones importantes sobre cómo incluir las partes interesadas en el diseño de estrategias de gestión de enfermedades. En Córcega, la enfermedad de Aujezsky, causada por un virus compartido por cerdos domésticos y jabalís, ha sido persistente durante los últimos treinta años, con una alta prevalencia, a pesar de las diversas estrategias implementadas. Después de que Francia continental se haya reconocida como libre de la enfermedad de Aujeszky en 2008, las autoridades francesas en Córcega fueron buscando una manera de construir una estrategia eficiente para erradicar esta enfermedad. El fracaso parcial de un plan experimental llevado a cabo de 2011 a 2013, llevó a investigadores del INRA a proponer un enfoque participativo experimental para diseñar una nueva estrategia. Esta comunicación pretende presentar los primeros resultados de una ronda de “workshops” participativos, realizados en 2015, con una gran diversidad de actores (agricultores, servicios oficiales, veterinarios, asociaciones de productores agropecuarios, cámaras agrícolas regionales, cazadores, investigadores...). Estos “workshops” nos permitieron a construir una representación sistémica del problema de la enfermedad de Aujeszky, a través de sus diferentes dimensiones (técnica, biológica, organizativa, normativa...) y crear un espacio donde la participación de las partes interesadas se legitime a través de procesos de hibridación del conocimiento, potenciados por la búsqueda colectiva de soluciones.

International audience; The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is increasingly considered as a relevant actor in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, monitoring TB in this species is key when establishing comprehensive control schemes for this disease still present in Europe. No data are available on direct and indirect TB diagnostic methods in wild boars in epidemiological contexts where TB is endemic in cattle and detected in wild boars at low prevalence. We aimed to estimate and compare sensitivity and specificity values for bacterial culture, PCR and three commercial ELISAs, i.e. the TB ELISA-VK (using the bPPD antigen), INgezim TB Porcine and IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test (both using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens), under field conditions in France. We used frequentist methods, with bacteriology as the gold standard, and a Bayesian formulation of the latent class analysis (LCA), without using a gold standard. Submandibular lymph nodes and sera from 495 wild boars hunter-harvested in three endemic areas (Aquitaine region, Côte d’Or region, and Corsica region) were collected between 2014 and 2016. Only eight individuals were positive for M. bovis by bacteriology (1.61%; CI95% 0.70–3.51%). The LCA method provided high specificities (99.2%; CI95% 98.2–99.8% for INgezim TB Porcine and 99.7%; CI95% 98.8–100% for IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test) and sensitivities (78.5%; CI95% 65.1–88.8% for INgezim TB Porcine and 83.9%; CI95% 58.9–97.2% for IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test) for both ELISAs using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens. Bacterial culture showed limited sensitivity (42.8%; CI95% 19.0–70.6%), estimated as the probability of a positive result in an animal exposed to M. bovis. PCR and ELISA using the bPPD antigens demonstrated high specificities, and sensitivities intermediates between culture and the ELISAs using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens. These results suggest that ELISA tests using the MPB83 and MPB70 antigens are useful to detect and monitor TB exposure of wild boar populations in field conditions in France.

We report the isolation and genomic characterization of a Sapelovirus A strain, or porcine sapelovirus (PSV), from a diarrheic Corsican piglet in France. It shares 87% nucleotide identity with a 2014 German isolate.

The past decades have seen growing sanitary events, strongly affecting animal health and thus questioning the classical ways of designing disease management strategies. Moreover, the growing knowledge on pathosystem dynamics, especially when involving wild fauna, and the tendency of official authorities to delegate the implementation of health policies to regional professional actors, raise important issues on how to design disease management strategies with stakeholders. In Corsica, the Aujezsky disease, caused by a virus shared by domestic pigs and wild boars, has been persistent for the past thirty years with a high prevalence, despite the various strategies designed and implemented. After Continental France has been recognized as free of Aujeszky disease in 2008, French authorities in Corsica have been looking for a way to build an efficient management system in order to eradicate this disease. The partial failure of an experimental plan conducted from 2011 to 2013, led researchers from INRA to propose an experimental participative approach to design a new strategy. This communication aims to present the first results of a round of participative workshops, held in 2015, and involving a large diversity of stakeholders (farmers, official services, veterinarians, animal health farmer associations, regional agricultural chambers, hunters, researchers…). These workshops allowed us to build a systemic representation of the Aujeszky disease problem, integrating its different dimensions (technical, biological, organizational, regulations…) and to create an arena where stakeholders involvement is legitimated through knowledge hybridization processes, enhanced by the collective search of solutions., En las últimas décadas se han registrado crecientes acontecimientos sanitarios que afectan fuertemente a la salud animal y cuestionan así las formas clásicas de diseñar estrategias de manejo de enfermedades. Además, el creciente conocimiento de la dinámica de los patógenos, especialmente cuando se trata de la fauna silvestre, y la tendencia de las autoridades oficiales a delegar la aplicación de las políticas de salud a los actores profesionales regionales, plantean cuestiones importantes sobre cómo incluir las partes interesadas en el diseño de estrategias de gestión de enfermedades. En Córcega, la enfermedad de Aujezsky, causada por un virus compartido por cerdos domésticos y jabalís, ha sido persistente durante los últimos treinta años, con una alta prevalencia, a pesar de las diversas estrategias implementadas. Después de que Francia continental se haya reconocida como libre de la enfermedad de Aujeszky en 2008, las autoridades francesas en Córcega fueron buscando una manera de construir una estrategia eficiente para erradicar esta enfermedad. El fracaso parcial de un plan experimental llevado a cabo de 2011 a 2013, llevó a investigadores del INRA a proponer un enfoque participativo experimental para diseñar una nueva estrategia. Esta comunicación pretende presentar los primeros resultados de una ronda de “workshops” participativos, realizados en 2015, con una gran diversidad de actores (agricultores, servicios oficiales, veterinarios, asociaciones de productores agropecuarios, cámaras agrícolas regionales, cazadores, investigadores...). Estos “workshops” nos permitieron a construir una representación sistémica del problema de la enfermedad de Aujeszky, a través de sus diferentes dimensiones (técnica, biológica, organizativa, normativa...) y crear un espacio donde la participación de las partes interesadas se legitime a través de procesos de hibridación del conocimiento, potenciados por la búsqueda colectiva de soluciones.

Il s'agit d'un article correspondant à une communication orale en conférence (IX Symposium of the Mediterranean Pig, Portalegre, Portugal, 3-5 Nov 2016); International audience; Among meat products of Corsican pig production benefiting recently of a PDO, the prisuttu (dry cured ham) leads to the main value production stakes. Such changes imply that the prisuttu can’t be no more sold in the year as a long ageing is able to express its aromatic potential. How producers cope with these new perspectives and what are the main difficulties they are facing? We made an enquiry with a sample of 21 producers of the Corsican mountain area showing a large diversity of situations. Questions concerned the selection of animals, the characteristics of the green hams, the processing and the ageing, the marketing activity. The results obtained show several changes compared to the previous period. Pig rearing is partially in compliance with the code of practices of the PDO. Selection of the carcasses shows a priority for the heavier ones for producing prisuttu. Enlarging the ageing is progressively obtained according to the demand for this type of product. Marketing modalities changed a lot, with less pieces and more cutting sold, together with the search of fairs and local markets, and prices doubled or more. Main difficulties faced in recent years concern the standardization of the plants, implementation of traceability and search for new marketing circuit for ensuring high level of price. The transition toward an up-market orientation is partially observed and the expected dynamics thanks to PDO are not yet real. It lacks a strategic reflection for helping the producers to invest in the chains where their efforts on animals, processing an ageing could be better valorised.; Parmi les produits porcins corses bénéficiant récemment d’une AOP, le prisuttu (jambon sec) représente la plus forte valeur ajoutée. L’AOP exige que le prisuttu ait plus d’un an pour exprimer son potentiel. Comment intégrer ces perspectives et quelles difficultés rencontrées? Nous avons mené une enquête auprès d’un échantillon de 21 producteurs représentatif de la diversité des situations. Les questions concernent le choix des animaux, les jambons frais, la transformation et l’affinage, la mise en marché. Les résultats montrent une évolution sensible dans la période récente. Les porcs sont partiellement élevés selon le cahier des charges de l’AOP. La sélection des carcasses privilégie les plus lourdes pour produire le prisuttu. La durée d’affinage augmente pro gressivement selon la demande. Les modalités de mise en marché montrent plus de coupe et de tranchage, et l’exploration des foires et marchés, pour un doublement des prix, voire davantage. Les difficultés rencontrées sont la mise aux normes des ateliers, la traçabilité et la recherche de nouveaux circuits pour hausser les prix de vente. La transition vers le marché du haut de gamme n’est que partielle et les dynamiques espérées du fait de l’AOP se font attendre. Il manque une réflexion stratégique qui aiderait les producteurs à investir afin de mieux valoriser leurs efforts sur les animaux, la transformation et l’affinage.

International audience; The past decades have seen growing sanitary events, strongly affecting animal health and thus questioning the classical ways of designing disease management strategies. Moreover, the growing knowledge on pathosystem dynamics, especially when involving wild fauna, and the tendency of official authorities to delegate the implementation of health policies to regional professional actors, raise important issues on how to design disease management strategies with stakeholders. In Corsica, the Aujezsky disease, caused by a virus shared by domestic pigs and wild boars, has been persistent for the past thirty years with a high prevalence, despite the various strategies designed and implemented. After Continental France has been recognized as free of Aujeszky disease in 2008, French authorities in Corsica have been looking for a way to build an efficient management system in order to eradicate this disease. The partial failure of an experimental plan conducted from 2011 to 2013, led researchers from INRA to propose an experimental participative approach to design a new strategy. This communication aims to present the first results of a round of participative workshops, held in 2015, and involving a large diversity of stakeholders (farmers, official services, veterinarians, animal health farmer associations, regional agricultural chambers, hunters, researchers…). These workshops allowed us to build a systemic representation of the Aujeszky disease problem, integrating its different dimensions (technical, biological, organizational, regulations…) and to create an arena where stakeholders involvement is legitimated through knowledge hybridization processes, enhanced by the collective search of solutions.; En las últimas décadas se han registrado crecientes acontecimientos sanitarios que afectan fuertemente a la salud animal y cuestionan así las formas clásicas de diseñar estrategias de manejo de enfermedades. Además, el creciente conocimiento de la dinámica de los patógenos, especialmente cuando se trata de la fauna silvestre, y la tendencia de las autoridades oficiales a delegar la aplicación de las políticas de salud a los actores profesionales regionales, plantean cuestiones importantes sobre cómo incluir las partes interesadas en el diseño de estrategias de gestión de enfermedades. En Córcega, la enfermedad de Aujezsky, causada por un virus compartido por cerdos domésticos y jabalís, ha sido persistente durante los últimos treinta años, con una alta prevalencia, a pesar de las diversas estrategias implementadas. Después de que Francia continental se haya reconocida como libre de la enfermedad de Aujeszky en 2008, las autoridades francesas en Córcega fueron buscando una manera de construir una estrategia eficiente para erradicar esta enfermedad. El fracaso parcial de un plan experimental llevado a cabo de 2011 a 2013, llevó a investigadores del INRA a proponer un enfoque participativo experimental para diseñar una nueva estrategia. Esta comunicación pretende presentar los primeros resultados de una ronda de “workshops” participativos, realizados en 2015, con una gran diversidad de actores (agricultores, servicios oficiales, veterinarios, asociaciones de productores agropecuarios, cámaras agrícolas regionales, cazadores, investigadores...). Estos “workshops” nos permitieron a construir una representación sistémica del problema de la enfermedad de Aujeszky, a través de sus diferentes dimensiones (técnica, biológica, organizativa, normativa...) y crear un espacio donde la participación de las partes interesadas se legitime a través de procesos de hibridación del conocimiento, potenciados por la búsqueda colectiva de soluciones.

We report the isolation and genomic characterization of a Sapelovirus A strain, or porcine sapelovirus (PSV), from a diarrheic Corsican piglet in France. It shares 87% nucleotide identity with a 2014 German isolate.

Wild boars and domestic pigs belong to the same species (Sus scrofa). When sympatric populations of wild boars, feral pigs, and domestic pigs share the same environment, interactions between domestic and wild suids (IDWS) are suspected to facilitate the spread and maintenance of several pig pathogens which can impact on public health and pig production. However, information on the nature and factors facilitating those IDWS are rarely described in the literature. In order to understand the occurrence, nature, and the factors facilitating IDWS, a total of 85 semi-structured interviews were implemented face to face among 25 strict farmers, 20 strict hunters, and 40 hunting farmers in the main traditional pig-farming regions of Corsica, where IDWS are suspected to be common and widespread. Different forms of IDWS were described: those linked with sexual attraction of wild boars by domestic sows (including sexual interactions and fights between wild and domestic boars) were most frequently reported (by 61 and 44% of the respondents, respectively) in the autumn months and early winter. Foraging around common food or water was equally frequent (reported by 60% of the respondents) but spread all along the year except in winter. Spatially, IDWS were more frequent in higher altitude pastures were pig herds remain unattended during summer and autumn months with limited human presence. Abandonment of carcasses and carcass offal in the forest were equally frequent and efficient form of IDWS reported by 70% of the respondents. Certain traditional practices already implemented by hunters and farmers had the potential to mitigate IDWS in the local context. This study provided quantitative evidence of the nature of different IDWS in the context of extensive commercial outdoor pig farming in Corsica and identified their spatial and temporal trends. The identification of those trends is useful to target suitable times and locations to develop further ecological investigations of IDWS at a finer scale in order to better understand diseases transmission patterns between populations and promote adapted management strategies.

International audience; Wild boars and domestic pigs belong to the same species (Sus scrofa). When sympatric populations of wild boars, feral pigs, and domestic pigs share the same environment, interactions between domestic and wild suids (IDWS) are suspected to facilitate the spread and maintenance of several pig pathogens which can impact on public health and pig production. However, information on the nature and factors facilitating those IDWS are rarely described in the literature. In order to understand the occurrence, nature, and the factors facilitating IDWS, a total of 85 semi-structured interviews were implemented face to face among 25 strict farmers, 20 strict hunters, and 40 hunting farmers in the main traditional pig-farming regions of Corsica, where IDWS are suspected to be common and widespread. Different forms of IDWS were described: those linked with sexual attraction of wild boars by domestic sows (including sexual interactions and fights between wild and domestic boars) were most frequently reported (by 61 and 44% of the respondents, respectively) in the autumn months and early winter. Foraging around common food or water was equally frequent (reported by 60% of the respondents) but spread all along the year except in winter. Spatially, IDWS were more frequent in higher altitude pastures were pig herds remain unattended during summer and autumn months with limited human presence. Abandonment of carcasses and carcass offal in the forest were equally frequent and efficient form of IDWS reported by 70% of the respondents. Certain traditional practices already implemented by hunters and farmers had the potential to mitigate IDWS in the local context. This study provided quantitative evidence of the nature of different IDWS in the context of extensive commercial outdoor pig farming in Corsica and identified their spatial and temporal trends. The identification of those trends is useful to target suitable times and locations to develop further ecological investigations of IDWS at a finer scale in order to better understand diseases transmission patterns between populations and promote adapted management strategies.

International audience; Background: Corsica is a mountainous French island in the north-western Mediterranean presenting a largediversity of natural environments where many interactions between domestic animals and wild fauna occur.Despite a favourable context for ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs), the tick fauna of Corsica has not systematicallybeen investigated.Methods: For one year (May 2014-May 2015), a survey of ticks infesting cattle was performed in the three Corsicancattle slaughterhouses. Two of these were visited monthly and one quarterly; the ticks were manually collected, justafter flaying. Ticks were identified on their morphology; when necessary, some specimens were also molecularlyidentified by sequencing mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes andITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2). During the same period, ticks from other domestic animals (small ruminants,horses, domestic carnivores) and wild animals (wild boars, mouflons, deer) were occasionally collected.Results: A total of 1,938 ticks was collected from 264 of 418 cattle examined, reared in 86 different localities. Eighttick species were found infesting cattle: Rhipicephalus bursa (56.1 %), Hyalomma marginatum (21.5 %), Hy. scupense(8.7 %), Ixodes ricinus (5.7 %), Haemaphysalis punctata (4.8 %), Rh. sanguineus (sensu lato) (2.3 %), Rh. (Boophilus)annulatus (0.7 %) and Dermacentor marginatus (0.2 %). The cattle infestation rate remained high all year (more than50 %). Several tick species showed seasonal variation of their activity. From other Corsican animals 1,196 ticks werecollected. Comparing ticks collected from cattle with those found on other animals, several host preferences wereshown. A noteworthy record is that of a few Ha. sulcata on mouflons which were mainly infested by Rh. bursa.Conclusion: The Corsican tick fauna is characterized by typical Mediterranean species (Rh. bursa and Hy.marginatum), but the mild climate and diversified environment provide satisfactory habitats both for species usuallyfound in dry areas (Hy. scupense) and species usually collected in humid areas (I. ricinus).

Background: Corsica is a mountainous French island in the north-western Mediterranean presenting a large diversity of natural environments where many interactions between domestic animals and wild fauna occur. Despite a favourable context for ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs), the tick fauna of Corsica has not systematically been investigated. Methods: For one year (May 2014-May 2015), a survey of ticks infesting cattle was performed in the three Corsican cattle slaughterhouses. Two of these were visited monthly and one quarterly; the ticks were manually collected, just after flaying. Ticks were identified on their morphology; when necessary, some specimens were also molecularly identified by sequencing mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2). During the same period, ticks from other domestic animals (small ruminants, horses, domestic carnivores) and wild animals (wild boars, mouflons, deer) were occasionally collected. Results: A total of 1,938 ticks was collected from 264 of 418 cattle examined, reared in 86 different localities. Eight tick species were found infesting cattle: Rhipicephalus bursa (56.1 %), Hyalomma marginatum (21.5 %), Hy. scupense (8.7 %), Ixodes ricinus (5.7 %), Haemaphysalis punctata (4.8 %), Rh. sanguineus (sensu lato) (2.3 %), Rh. (Boophilus) annulatus (0.7 %) and Dermacentor marginatus (0.2 %). The cattle infestation rate remained high all year (more than 50 %). Several tick species showed seasonal variation of their activity. From other Corsican animals 1,196 ticks were collected. Comparing ticks collected from cattle with those found on other animals, several host preferences were shown. A noteworthy record is that of a few Ha. sulcata on mouflons which were mainly infested by Rh. bursa. Conclusion: The Corsican tick fauna is characterized by typical Mediterranean species (Rh. bursa and Hy. marginatum), but the mild climate and diversified environment provide satisfactory habitats both for species usually found in dry areas (Hy. scupense) and species usually collected in humid areas (I. ricinus).

International audience; In order to protect Corsica as an origin for their production, some pig producers, generally practicing on-farm processing, created a syndicate for applying a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for the dry cured ham named “prisuttu”. Even if their actual practices are close to the rules included into the specification, some difficulties may appear for being in compliance with the whole code of practices of the future PDO. Anticipating the official registration, we explored the possibility of a “blank” assessment with a sample of 6 producers throughout 43 already registered in the syndicate. On several batches of slaughtered pigs, we implemented a fraction of the control plan foreseen for the future PDO. The controls operated in our work concern the operations around slaughtering, from the finishing pigs to be slaughtered till the end of the salting period of hams. The step from the farm breeding the pigs to the process into typical products must be considered as key in production chain. We present and discuss the results we obtained. They show that on some criteria, producers must conduct learning processes for increase their ability to make sure to be in compliance with the requirements of the future PDO.

International audience; The emergence and re-emergence of diseases, in which 60 to 70% are zoonotic, raise a number of economic, envi-ronmental, and public health issues, especially important as breeding systems are in close contact with wildlife. In the Corsican pastoral system, free roaming livestock and wild animals share the same resources, creating a high potential risk of contact and inter-specific transmission of pathogenic agents. Researchers are facing the challenge of thinking more efficient ways to design sanitary risk assessments and disease management systems, by adapting classic epidemiological/ecological approaches to systemic conceptions, that take into account more socially oriented components (such as stakeholder’s strategies and knowledge, production system choices, etc.). We aim to present an original approach to understand the practices and representations of farmers and hunters, as potential factors for the emergence of diseases. Such an approach would be complementary to ecological and epidemiological approaches for evaluating the risk of contacts between animals and the risk of pathogen transmission. Indeed, it provides a systemic understanding of the issues on emerging diseases, and tries to renew scientific and technical paradigms for the management of these diseases.

International audience; In order to protect Corsica as an origin for their production, some pig producers, generally practicing on-farm processing, created a syndicate for applying a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for the dry cured ham named “prisuttu”. Even if their actual practices are close to the rules included into the specification, some difficulties may appear for being in compliance with the whole code of practices of the future PDO. Anticipating the official registration, we explored the possibility of a “blank” assessment with a sample of 6 producers throughout 43 already registered in the syndicate. On several batches of slaughtered pigs, we implemented a fraction of the control plan foreseen for the future PDO. The controls operated in our work concern the operations around slaughtering, from the finishing pigs to be slaughtered till the end of the salting period of hams. The step from the farm breeding the pigs to the process into typical products must be considered as key in production chain. We present and discuss the results we obtained. They show that on some criteria, producers must conduct learning processes for increase their ability to make sure to be in compliance with the requirements of the future PDO.

In order to protect Corsica as an origin for their production, some pig producers, generally practicing on-farm processing, created a syndicate for applying a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for the dry cured ham named “prisuttu”. Even if their actual practices are close to the rules included into the specification, some difficulties may appear for being in compliance with the whole code of practices of the future PDO. Anticipating the official registration, we explored the possibility of a “blank” assessment with a sample of 6 producers throughout 43 already registered in the syndicate. On several batches of slaughtered pigs, we implemented a fraction of the control plan foreseen for the future PDO. The controls operated in our work concern the operations around slaughtering, from the finishing pigs to be slaughtered till the end of the salting period of hams. The step from the farm breeding the pigs to the process into typical products must be considered as key in production chain. We present and discuss the results we obtained. They show that on some criteria, producers must conduct learning processes for increase their ability to make sure to be in compliance with the requirements of the future PDO.

Most of the time the management of local breeds involve non territorial tools (designed to be used in whatever breed management situation), but also have to face stakes linked to a specific territory. Moreover, management of local breed is often organized at a collective level (the whole animal population) and individual breeders are the owners of the animals, each of them with his own expectations. Thanks to the case study of the Nustrale pig breed in Corsica, we show how those apparent contradictions are dealt with by both breeders and other stakeholders of the breeds’ management, and what kind of tensions are still to overcome.

Short communication on : 8th International Symposium on the Mediterranean Pig, Slovenia, Ljubjana, October 10th-12th, 2013; International audience; Most of the time the management of local breeds involve non territorial tools (designed to be used in whatever breed management situation), but also have to face stakes linked to a specific territory. Moreover, management of local breed is often organized at a collective level (the whole animal population) and individual breeders are the owners of the animals, each of them with his own expectations. Thanks to the case study of the Nustrale pig breed in Corsica, we show how those apparent contradictions are dealt with by both breeders and other stakeholders of the breeds’ management, and what kind of tensions are still to overcome.

International audience; Within the Mediterranean QUBIC project centered on innovations developing biodiversity, we approach the points of view of the pig breeders in extensive systems based on local breeds, on their insertion in the dynamics of territorial development. A questionnaire including 4 parts and 12 questions was managed towards 123 farmers carrying on their activities in the 5 areas interested by the project: Italy (Tuscany, Sicily and Emilia-Romagna), Greece (Thessaly) and France (Corsica). Data collected relate to (i) environmental problems, (ii) visions of the territory and local insertion of activities, (iii) local breed seen as a factor of anchorage of the activities, and (iv) professional identity of the stockbreeder of local breed. We carried out an analysis centered on the link between breeds and territory, in order to identify possible points of blocking and levers in the projects of development of these breeds. We identify common features but also marked differences: (i) established systems (Cinta Senese in Tuscany) where a lot of newcomers show some lack of technical culture; (ii) stabilizing systems (Nustrale in Corsica, Nero Siciliano in Sicily) with deep anchorage of activities but weak professional organization; and (iii) emerging systems (Greek in Thessaly, Nero di Parma or Romagnola in Emilia-Romagna) not yet insured in their territorial insertion. Such comparative study allows upplying useful elements for future exchanges at Mediterranean level.

International audience; Within the Mediterranean QUBIC project centered on innovations developing biodiversity, we approach the points of view of the pig breeders in extensive systems based on local breeds, on their insertion in the dynamics of territorial development. A questionnaire including 4 parts and 12 questions was managed towards 123 farmers carrying on their activities in the 5 areas interested by the project: Italy (Tuscany, Sicily and Emilia-Romagna), Greece (Thessaly) and France (Corsica). Data collected relate to (i) environmental problems, (ii) visions of the territory and local insertion of activities, (iii) local breed seen as a factor of anchorage of the activities, and (iv) professional identity of the stockbreeder of local breed. We carried out an analysis centered on the link between breeds and territory, in order to identify possible points of blocking and levers in the projects of development of these breeds. We identify common features but also marked differences: (i) established systems (Cinta Senese in Tuscany) where a lot of newcomers show some lack of technical culture; (ii) stabilizing systems (Nustrale in Corsica, Nero Siciliano in Sicily) with deep anchorage of activities but weak professional organization; and (iii) emerging systems (Greek in Thessaly, Nero di Parma or Romagnola in Emilia-Romagna) not yet insured in their territorial insertion. Such comparative study allows supplying useful elements for future exchanges at Mediterranean level.; Dans le projet méditerranéen QUBIC centré sur les innovations valorisant la biodiversité, nous approchons les points de vue des éleveurs porcins en systèmes extensifs basés sur des races locales, sur leur insertion dans le développement territorial. Un questionnaire comprenant 4 parties et 12 questions est administré auprès de 123 éleveurs dans les 5 régions du projet : Italie (Toscane, Sicile, Emilie-Romagne), Grèce (Thessalie) et France (Corse). Les données recueillies portent sur (i) les problèmes environnementaux, (ii) les visions du territoire et de l’insertion locale, (iii) la race locale comme ancrage des activités et (iv) l’identité professionnelle de l’éleveur. Nous effectuons une analyse centrée sur le rapport des races au territoire afin d’identifier des points de blocage éventuels et des leviers dans les projets de développement territorial. Une analyse comparative dégage des traits communs mais aussi des différences marquées :(i) des systèmes établis (Cinta Senese en Toscane), où un grand nombre de nouveaux éleveurs montrent un manque de culture technique ; (ii) des systèmes en cours de stabilisation (Nustrale en Corse ou Nero Siciliano en Sicile), avec un fort ancrage territorial mais des faiblesses organisationnelles ; et (iii) des systèmes émergents (Grec en Thessalie et Nero di Parma ou Romagnola en Emilie-Romagne), dont l’insertion territoriale demeure très incertaine. De tels travaux permettent de disposer d’éléments utiles pour de futurs échanges au niveau méditerranéen.

International audience

National audience

International audience

National audience

National audience; La Corse, notamment l’intérieur de l’île, possède une tradition de fabrication de charcuterie sèche originale : Prisuttu (jambon), Coppa (faux filet), Lonzu (filet) .Cette production repose sur une race porcine particulière, la valorisation de ressources montagnardes (châtaignes et glands) et les savoir-faire locaux. Conscient de l’ampleur des dérives qui menacent la notoriété et la renommée des produits de charcuterie corse, un « Syndicat de Défense et de Promotion de la charcuterie corse « Salameria Corsa » a été créé en septembre 2001. Dans ce cadre, le laboratoire de recherche sur le développement de l'élevage (LRDE) de l’Inra à Corte s’est investi au sein comité technique, afin d’apporter un appui à la construction d’un cahier des charges et aujourd’hui pour aider le syndicat à construire des outils de contrôle interne des conditions de production pour l’AOC. Les conditions de productions sont basées sur deux points majeurs : la race et la finition. Nous mettons à l’épreuve deux indicateurs analytiques pour évaluer leur traduction possible des conditions de production. Nous montrons ainsi que la teneur en lipides intramusculaires nous informe sur l’alimentation en finition des animaux, et que la teneur en lipides du gras nous informe sur la race des animaux. Nous déterminons, dans une expérimentation contrôlée des valeurs seuils que nous mettons ensuite à l’épreuve sur le terrain. Nous observons que les échantillons prélevés chez les administrateurs du syndicat et présentés comme étant issus d’animaux de race Corse avec finition châtaigne, sont conformes au référentiel pour le facteur race, mais sont très hétérogènes pour le facteur finition. Cette confrontation entre déclaration d’éleveurs et indicateurs analytiques permet d’ouvrir une réflexion avec les producteurs sur le contenu des cahiers des charges et la sévérité qu’il faut engager pour les points de contrôle.

International audience

National audience