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Globally recommended diets are a powerful method for raising the public's awareness of dietary choices. Although dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes, these diets make almost no reference to environmental impacts. Besides, Encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system occur against the background of metabolic disorders. Metabolic processes largely depend on the activity and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sirtuin-type proteins. Protein deficiency can be filled by artificially introducing them into the body through dietary supplements. The study aimed to analyze the possibilities of using the dietary supplement OYOX to prevent environmental harm as well as treating encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system. We used theoretical and practical research methods. In particular, the methods of analysis of literature sources, statistical data, results of clinical and preclinical studies were used. The method of generalization, analysis, systematization, classification of the obtained data was used. The results were evaluated 3 and 6 months after taking the dietary supplement. In the group of people taking OYOX, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the percentage of short telomeres (p = 0.029); a decrease in the percentage of senescent cytotoxic (CD8+ / CD28-) T cells (by 1.5%; 4.4%; 8.6% and 7.5% after 3 and 6 months respectively); improvement in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA, 1%) by 4.9% (p = 0.01), total cholesterol 5.7 mmol L-1 (p = 0.003), low density lipoprotein (LCL-C): 3.82 mmol L-1 (p = 0.0021), homocysteine: 3.4 mmol L-1 (p = 0.001). In conclusions, dietary supplement OYOX is effectively used to eliminate the deficiency of sirtuin-type proteins SIR1, SIR3, SIR6.

Turpentine oil, owing to the presence of 7–50 terpenes, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, which are important for medical emulsion preparation. The addition of turpentine oil to squalene emulsions can increase their effectiveness, thereby reducing the concentration of expensive and possibly deficient squalene, and increasing its stability and shelf life. In this study, squalene emulsions were obtained by adding various concentrations of turpentine oil via high-pressure homogenization, and the safety and effectiveness of the obtained emulsions were studied in vitro and in vivo. All emulsions showed high safety profiles, regardless of the concentration of turpentine oil used. However, these emulsions exhibited dose-dependent effects in terms of both efficiency and storage stability, and the squalene emulsion with 1.0% turpentine oil had the most pronounced adjuvant and cytokine-stimulating activity as well as the most pronounced stability indicators when stored at room temperature. Thus, it can be concluded that the squalene emulsion with 1% turpentine oil is a stable, monomodal, and reliably safe ultradispersed emulsion and may have pleiotropic effects with pronounced immunopotentiating properties.

Based on the experimental calculations carried out with the help of the shifting mode reproduction model, as well as on the theoretical studies of Marx, Schumpeter, Keynes and his followers - representatives of the post-Keynesian direction, two conclusions were made in the article. First, that non-neutrality of money takes place in both short- and long-term periods, and second, that each of these periods has its own basic preconditions for non-neutrality. For the short term, it is a "phenomenon of nominal rigidity", and for the long term, it is a "phenomenon of capitalization of money". The thesis is justified that the "phenomenon of nominal rigidity" manifests itself mainly within the framework of the existing production, when the economic growth caused by the increase in money supply is achieved by increasing capacity utilization and engagement of idle labor. Accordingly, the "phenomenon of capitalization of money" manifests itself through the conversion of issued money into investments in fixed capital and, through the growth of this capital (and capacities), affects the GDP growth. It is shown that behind the two considered basic prerequisites there are fundamentally different theoretical approaches. Behind the short-term "phenomenon of nominal rigidity" there is an orthodox vision of economy focused on the equilibrium pricing mechanism. Behind the long-term "phenomenon of capitalization of money" there is a heterodox vision related to the mechanism of money circulation, emission and economic growth caused by it. It has been concluded that in case of probable increase of competition between these theoretical approaches it is unacceptable if short-term basic preconditions of non-neutrality of money are used in the analysis of long-term processes and long-term preconditions are used in the analysis of short-term growth cases.

Причиною виникнення ідеї квантових обчислень є принципова обмеженість «класичних» комп’ютерів розв’язувати певний клас задач з необхідністю залучення «експоненціально» великих обчислювальних ресурсів. Реальні квантові системи схильні до впливу зовнішнього середовища, що є вагомою перешкодою при створенні квантових комп’ютерів. В статті пропонується один з підходів до оцінювання зовнішніх впливів в рамках вирішення проблеми збереження достовірної інформації в квантових системах шляхом моделювання впливу шуму на кубітові та бітові сигнали з використанням ергодичних ланцюгів Маркова. Показано, що в ситуації стороннього впливу «шуму» розподіленого за експоненціальним законом квантова система переходить в нестабільний стан.

Objective: to analyze the evolution of shifting mode of reproduction (SMR) models, to construct the SMR-3 model. Methods: abstract-logical method, methods of modelling the economic dynamics in relation to the switching regime of reproduction of fixed capital.Results: despite the fact that fixed capital is necessarily taken into account both in reproduction schemes and in models of economic growth, the peculiarities of economy functioning arising from the coexistence of different generations of fixed capital have remained outside both the economic mainstream and heterodox studies. The article briefly describes the theory of switching reproduction regime (SMR), which fills this gap. Several types of SMR models (SMR-1, SMR-2, SMR-3) are considered, which differ from each other in the degree of the monetary mechanism development that serves the reproduction processes occurring in the real sector of the economy. By the example of determining the degree of influence of the fixed capital investments structure on the key macro indicators in the Russian Federation, the possibilities of the most advanced SMR-3 model are demonstrated. On this basis, the scenario was simulated of the Russian economy transition from the typical for 2014 financing structure (46 % - own funds, 30 % - funds of budget and higher organizations, 24 % - other borrowed funds (loans)) to the new structure, where own funds are equal to 50%, funds of budget and higher organizations - 20 %, other borrowed funds - 30 %. It is established that this transition contributes to the growth of profitability and GDP. Scientific novelty: the model SMR-3 is constructed, which allows to take into account the functioning of the banking system and the budget mechanism, based on the effect of ergodicity and the fact that the funds coming from all subsystems to the updated subsystem are not only credit resources, but also the so-called intra-company funds flowing into the updated subsystem at no cost.Practical significance: it is shown that the SMR-3 model can be used to carry out practical calculations for various scenarios of socio-economic development.

Restoration of territories disturbed as a result of mining is a “hot topic” on a global scale. Ukraine is rich in mineral resources, the development of which inevitably leads to the disruption of existing ecosystems. In recent years the problem of the restoration of large land areas damaged as a result of illegal extraction of amber on the territory of the Polisskyy amber-bearing region has become urgent problem . Mining has already led to an ecological disaster at the regional scale. According to official data, more than thousand hectares of land were subject to very severe damage and need to be restored. The environmental value of such areas is lost, and further use for forestry or agriculture is very risky. In Polissya amber lies at different depths - from 0.5 to 12, and sometimes up to 25 meters. Therefore, the extraction is carried out manually and hydromechanically (pump method). The first method creates vertical wells 3-6 meters deep, from which amber is mined. The second, currently prevailing, has more catastrophic consequences for the environment. The hydromechanical method of extraction consists in washing out with water under high soil pressure up to 6–10 meters in depth. It is conducted mainly in closed and semi-closed areas: forests, thickets, forest belts, which leads to significant losses of forest vegetation in the region. Large-scale illegal mining of amber in the Zhytomyr region began a little later than in the neighboring Volyn and Rivne regions. This was one of the prerequisites for the fact that the total area of damaged territories and, in particular, forest land is less than in neighboring regions. As a result of the survey of sites, a number of types of soil cover disturbances were established. These are, in particular, channels for the supply of water to hydropumps, several types of craters, pits from primary and secondary manual excavations, and so-called pit-mines with fortified walls. The issue of reclamation and, in particular, the dendrorecultivation of the forest lands of the Ukrainian Polissya, disturbed by the illegal mining of amber, is new and still little studied. The available scientific publications mainly deal with issues of satellite monitoring of disturbed territories and assessment of environmental damage and economic damage. In order to develop effective measures for the dendrorecultivation of disturbed areas, an objective assessment of the extent and consequences of environmental damage was carried out. Thus, areas of forest plantations requiring recultivation were estimated on the territory of three state enterprises and seven forest districts. Most of the disturbed areas (336.60 hectares) are located on the territory of the state-owned enterprise «Bilokorovytske FE», the state enterprise «Olevske FE» (30.70 hectares) and the state enterprise «Slovechanske FE» (2.15 hectares). The analysis of the main types of soil disturbances and forest cenoses was also carried out. The most damaged stands are with prevalence of Scots pine, and by age structure, tree age is 60-80 years. As a result of illegal extraction of amber on the territory of the Zhytomyr Wildlife Logistics 84.2 hectares of protected forest areas were damaged, in particular, 71.3 hectares of local nature reserves and 2.6 hectares of state reserves.

The thesis is grounded that any market economy, on the one hand, has a system of horizontal links between economic agents and is capable of self-organization. On the other hand, contrary to the opinion of the liberal economists, is endowed with signs of a hierarchically organized system, i.e. a system consisting of several levels, where each level is governed by a higher level. In the case of a hierarchical organization, macro-level entities are not statistical aggregates of the GDP type, but quite specific macroeconomic organizations such as the Central Bank, The Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Economic Development, etc. Since macroeconomic organizations, as a rule, do not directly influence the behavior of micro-level entities, one can assert that the existence of the meso-economic organizations (banks, securities markets, insurance companies, etc.) is an objective given to be studied by meso-economic theory. In this context, the problem of the modeling the transmission mechanism of monetary policy is topical: within the framework of a hierarchically organized economy, this mechanism must also be hierarchically organized. At present, the Bank of Russia has a set of transmission mechanism models that consider the hierarchy principle.

This article is a continuation of the first work done on the State task of the Financial University of 2013 [1-3], in which the classification of the regions of the Russian Federation according to the state statistics for 2005-2011 was proposed. Over the past period, the relevance of the issues has not decreased, and Russia’s gap in the number of subjects of the federation from the nearest “pursuers” (USA, Brazil, Germany, Canada) with the addition of the Crimea has only increased. Classification analysis of Russian regions remains a time-consuming task, as each region is unique in something and it is difficult to find something in common. We continued the analysis of the period data from 2005 to 2011 (before the crisis, the crisis and the initial stage of recovery), and also supplemented it with data from 2012-2014 about a new crisis. We wanted to advance in obtaining a tool for monitoring the financial viability of the regions and to test it in real and changing conditions. Work is continued also to assess the quality of statistical data contained in the Rosstat database, which precedes the classification analysis itself.

The growth of attention to the meso level analysis in economics, which intensified in the 21st century, is associated with a number of factors. In this paper we draw attention to the following. First, the dissatisfaction with the traditional micro-macro dichotomy, which does not take into account the growing complexity of the economy and is, therefore, insufficient to understand ongoing economic processes and phenomena, including the causes of recurrent and increasing global crises. Second, the dissemination in the scientific discourse of the ideas of Synergetics and the evolutionary-synergetic paradigm of analysis of (socio) economic systems. With this approach, the dynamic structures of the meso level, which ensure interconnected development of the economy, are at the centre of consideration. The methodological differences between approaches to the meso level analysis, characteristics of Heterodox Economics, and Neoclassical Economics based on microfoundations, are shown. The essence of the heterodox approach presented in the paper is that the meso level is viewed as the result of self-organisation of (socio) economic systems in certain material conditions. The meso level of the economy is formed by the stable materially conditioned structures of interrelations and the rules for the joint functioning of the constituent parts (socio-economic system) that ensure the reproduction and stable dynamics of the development of the entire system. Through the prism of the declared methodology, a retrospective analysis of known concepts, primarily the model of Wasiliy Leontief, was carried out. It is shown that the principles of meso level analysis in economics were used long before the term "Mesoeconomics" was introduced into the scientific literature. A methodological analysis of modern Russian concepts is presented – the theory of the "shifting mode of economic reproduction" (V. I. Maevsky) and the "Institutional matrices theory, or X-Y theory" (S. G. Kirdina-Chandler), which investigate the mesolevel of (socio) economic systems. Particular attention is paid to obtaining new results which could not be obtained within the framework of only micro or macro level analysis.

The authors propose an approach to assessing the possibility of stabilizing controlled impact on the ecological system, its climatic characteristics, within a limited space. Maintaining the necessary climatic parameters at an acceptable level ensures the stability of any ecosystem, the natural habitat of all living organisms, the preservation of biodiversity, including humans. The biggest potential threat is the rapid dynamics of global warming. Rising temperatures are the cause of extreme weather events, which directly affects environmental and food security. Given the urgency of the task, there is a need to study the controlled mechanism of influence on certain climatic factors in order to curb abnormal dynamics and bring the ecosystem into a state of stable equilibrium. The approach proposed by the authors is based on modeling the process of reducing the risk of crisis situations with abnormal fluctuations in ambient temperature. The mathematical model is represented by a system of ordinary differential equations, which is a consequence of the adaptation of Lagrange equations to oscillatory processes. The state of the studied climatic factor is matched by some random process, the amplitude of which depends on the values of the components of the control vectors and the function of external influence. The experimental parameter is ambient temperature. The problem was solved using statistical data for the Zhytomyr region (Ukraine). The main results of the simulation are to obtain a set of control vectors and functions of external influence, which will be taken into account in the information system for monitoring the environmental situation.

The authors study the relevance of education in the humanities and its relation to the necessary pedagogical training of modern students of classic universities (bachelors, masters) enrolled in specialties “National philology” and “Foreign philology” in the direction of the current training of FSES HPE (ФГОС ВПО) «Philology» and the ways of its implementation on the basis of inclusion in education-tive process (OOP and UP) corresponding psychopedagogical module that reflects the needs of the modern school, to carry out modernization and introduction of new educational standards.