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Sonchus oleraceus L. is an invasive species that negatively affects the quality and yield of different crops. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of seeds from the weed S. oleraceus L., which were subjected to different treatments in three experiments. In experiment 1, different gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations were applied (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L-1). In the second experiment, apical, basal, and apical-basal cut treatments were carried out on the seeds. In a third experiment, seeds were placed at different sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm) in peat as the substrate. The results indicated that GA at concentrations higher than 200 mg L-1 inhibited seed germination and, consequently, seedling growth. Germination was similar between the 200 mg L-1 GA treatment and the control, but germination occurred faster in the control. The apical-basal cut in the seeds generated the highest percentage of germination, the highest average speed of germination, and a significantly lower time of germination than the control; however, the longest shoot was observed in the seeds without a cut, and the longest root was detected in the seeds with the basal cut. Seedling emergence was affected by sowing depth, where it was significantly greater at 0.5, lesser at 2 cm, and, at greater depths, seedlings did not emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of histology and morphology of seeds of genus Passiflora has been of high utility for the classification of species. In seeds of sweet granadilla, the histological characteristics and methodologies for their study are unknown. This study was aimed to know the tissue and morphological characteristics of the seed coats of seeds of sweet granadilla and to be able to determine its value in the differentiation of accessions. Five accessions collected in producing zones of the Province of Huila, Colombia, were analyzed. In morphological analysis, all accessions presented falsifoveate ornamentation and entire margin. The seeds presented high change in weight and size for every accession; there stood out the seeds of the accession PmN for presenting major size (7.42 mm long), weight (35.62 mg), homogeneity in these variables and a typical orange color. For the histological analysis, a protocol was adapted to realize sections of seed coats in parafin, by means of which one managed to obtain sections (7 μ) that in the optical microscope show clearly three well differentiated layers, belonging, possibly, to exotegmen (internal layer), mesotesta (medium layer) and exotesta (external layer). Every layer presented differences in the form of the cells, color and thickness, between the sections of the basal and medium parts of the seeds, but the differences between the analyzed accessions were not observed. The majority of seeds had a thickness of seed coats that varied among 235 and 475 μ.

Vaccinium floribundum Kunth and Disterigma alaternoides (Kunth) Niedenzu are two fruit-bearing species of the family Ericaceae, natives of the Andean forest. Given very scarcem knowledge on their ecophysiology, it is not known how to propagate these plants, which limits the possibility of introducing these into the commercial culture. The present study had an objective to evaluate the rooting potential of softwood and hardwood cuttings of V. floribundum and D. alaternoides using 50-400 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole- 3-butyric acid (IBA) as rooting hormones in an organic-mineral medium. The softwood cuttings taken from the apical part of the branch had up to 47.0% rooting in V. floribundum and up to 77.2% in D. alaternoides at day 60, whereas hardwood cuttings taken from the base of the branch presented lower rooting values, among 8.1 and 17.8% in V. floribundum and among 6.8 and 34.5% in D. alaternoides. Softwood cuttings of V. floribundum y D. alaternoides treated with 400 mg L-1 mg NAA remained viable up to 64 and 86%, while the rooting percentage was up to 44.4 and 77.2 %, and average number of roots was up to 8.4 and 6.3, respectively. The results of the study offer a base for development of the protocol for the vegetative propagation of these species

The knowledge about the role of Ni (Ni) in the nutrition, physiology and metabolism of the majority of crops is limited, whereas is considered to be an essential element for the higher plants starting from the 80’s of the twentieth century. The primary function of Ni in plants is defined in terms of its importance for the hydrolysis of urea; however, Ni may have an importance in other physiological processes, such as nitrogen fixation. Although the deficiencies of Ni in plants are relatively rare events, the positive response of yield and nitrogen use efficiency to applications of Ni are shown for different species. The present work summarizes the data about the essentiality of Ni and its function in plant metabolism as well as its agronomic importance for the crops.

El agraz es una baya de la familia la Ericaceae que crece de forma espontánea en la zona alto andina de Colombia y presenta un alto potencial de exportación, aunque es difícil su propagación por medio de estacas. El presente trabajo tuvo el objetivo de caracterizar viabilidad y potencial de enraizamiento de estacas de agraz en dos diferentes sustratos bajo invernadero utilizando auxinas AIB (ácido indolbutírico), ANA (ácido naftalenacético) y AIA (ácido indolacético) en diferentes concentraciones. El estudio se dividió en dos fases, la primera tenía el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de tres auxinas AIA, AIB y ANA en diferentes concentraciones (1, 10, 20 mg·L-1 de ANA, 50, 200 y 500 mg·L-1 de ANA y AIB), sobre la viabilidad y enraizamiento de agraz en dos sustratos (suelo + turba en relación 1:1 y turba). La segunda fase tenía como objetivo evaluar AIB en distintas concentraciones (0, 50, 100, 500, 1.000 y 2.000 mg·L-1), sobre un solo sustrato (escoria + suelo en relación 1:1), para analizar el potencial de enraizamiento de la especie. Los resultados de investigación mostraron que los tratamientos con AIB y AIA aumentan la viabilidad de las estacas de agraz. Las estacas jóvenes de agraz demuestran actividad rizogénica y el uso de hormonas es viable para inducir el desarrollo de las raíces adventicias en esta especie. Los resultados sugieren que el mejor tratamiento para enraizar las estacas fue AIB 200 mg·L-1 aplicado a la base de las estacas mezclado con talco, el porcentaje de enraizamiento del tratamiento después de dos meses de aplicación fue 18,7% y, a su vez, presentó el mayor número de raíces por planta, con un promedio de 3,3.

Las semillas recalcitrantes se caracterizan por su sensibilidad a la deshidratación y una rápida pérdida de viabilidad posterior a la diseminación, lo que implica limitaciones graves para el almacenamiento de la semilla con fines de propagación de árboles tropicales. La presente revisión resume los datos teóricos y prácticos existentes con respecto a la fisiología de la tolerancia a la deshidratación, la viabilidad y el almacenamiento de semillas recalcitrantes de especies forestales tropicales.

La producción comercial de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis M.) presenta limitantes desde su fase de semilla, como son la consecución, la calidad y el bajo porcentaje de germinación, lo que trae como consecuencia la adquisición de grandes cantidades de semilla para el establecimiento de un huerto. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar el efecto de la testa en el proceso de germinación a nivel interno, con el fin de proyectar futuras investigaciones que solucionen la problemática de la semilla en el cultivo de caucho. El efecto de las testas se evaluó, mediante la remoción total y parcial y sin remoción, a través de las variables índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG) y porcentaje de germinación (PG), manejado bajo diseño experimental completamente al azar (DCA); además, se obtuvo la curva de imbibición. Los mayores valores de germinación e índice de velocidad de germinación se presentaron en las semillas con tratamiento escarificado mecánico total. Los valores de imbibición permiten apreciar el efecto negativo de la testa al intervenir como barrera en el proceso de toma de agua.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)