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MnO2 and MnMoO4 nanostructures (NSs) with controlled characteristics were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal technique. Specific capacitances of 513.3 F/g and 833.3 F/g at a 5 mA/g are exhibited by MnO2 and MnMoO4 electrodes, respectively, indicating outstanding electrochemical properties. In terms of the rapid charge–discharge rate and long cycle life, a high electrochemical performance is exhibited. A capacitance reduction of approximately 11.3% was observed for the MnMoO4 electrode after 5000 cycles. Moreover, a specific capacitance of 61.7 F/g with an energy density of 7.7 W h/kg at a power density of 146 W/kg at 5 mA/g is exhibited by the MnMoO4/NF//MnMoO4/NF symmetric supercapacitor device. Additionally, a high specific capacitance of 93.3 F/g with a high energy density of 15.1 W h/kg at a power density of 562.6 W/kg at 5 mA/g is demonstrated by the MnMoO4/NF//AC/NF asymmetric supercapacitor device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lovastatin, a hyperlipedemic agent used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, has poor bioavailability (less than 5%) due to the first pass metabolism and thus the dosing frequency is more, as a result of which several side effects occurred with the current dosage form. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate buccoadhesive tablets of Lovastatin using mucoadhesive polymer such as Carbopol 934P, Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (K4M, K100M) and sodium CMC. The different formulations of buccoadhesive tablet of Lovastatin were prepared by direct compression method and characterized for physicochemical parameters such as thickness, content uniformity, weight variation, hardness, and friability test. The swelling index, % matrix erosion, surface pH, bioadhesive strength, bioadhesive time and in-vitro drug release are also carried out which has been important aspect for success of buccoadhesive tablets. The FTIR study was carried out for drug and polymer compatibility. All the formulation showed satisfactory tablet properties. Formulation (F5) containing Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M in the ratio of (1:1) showed good bioadhesive strength and maximum drug release of 95.80% in 8 hours. The surface pH of all tablets was found to be satisfactory, close to buccal pH, hence no irritation would observe with these tablets. FTIR studies showed no evidence of interaction between drug and polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder were investigated in this study. Volatiles were isolated by solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Fractionation was used to separate acidic from nonacidic volatiles. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/olfactometry were used for the identification of aroma compounds. Osme methodology was applied to assess the relative importance of each aroma compound. The most aroma-intense free fatty acids detected were acetic, propanoic, butanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, and 9-decenoic acids. The most aroma-intense nonacidic compounds detected were hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, furfuryl alcohol, p-cresol, 2-acetylpyrrole, maltol, furaneol, and several lactones. This study suggested that the aroma of whey powder could comprise compounds originating from milk, compounds generated by the starter culture during cheese making, and compounds formed during the manufacturing process of whey powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer composites are generally filled with either fibrous or particulate materials to improve the mechanical properties. In choosing the fillers one looks for materials that are inexpensive and available in abundance, in order to realize a cost reduction also. Also, often these fibres/fillers are treated to improve the matrix adhesion and thereby mechanical properties. The present study is focussed on the influence of water ingression in such filler-modified composites and the attendant changes in the compressive properties. The changes in property effected following exposure to aqueous media and the influence interface modification has on the scenario is emphasized in the work. It is seen that for plain epoxy and fly ash filled systems the strengths are increased following exposure to aqueous media. The composites with surface-treated ash particles, on the other hand, record a drop in the values. Modulus values show are increased to varying degree in unfilled and filled systems. The study also includes a fractographic analysis of the tested samples with and without exposure to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple and time efficient hydrothermal method was employed to obtain phase pure anatase TiO2 and Co2+-TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient visible light active photocatalyst. The phase purity, morphology, optical property, and compositions were confirmed by various characterization techniques. The XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature for Co2+-TiO2 photocatalyst. Raman peaks at 398, 516.89 and 640 cm−1 affirmed anatase Co2+-TiO2 NPs and XPS analysis reveals substitution of Ti4+ with Co2+ ions in TiO2 NPs. The 1.61 wt.% Co2+-TiO2 NPs has bandgap value of 2.95 eV which specifies the efficiency of material for the absorption of visible light. The obtained TiO2 and Co2+-TiO2 materials were explored for photocatalytic degradation of MG under UV, visible and direct sunlight. The removal of MG was confirmed using COD analysis. The obtained visible light active (1.61 wt.%) Co2+-TiO2 showed 82% removal of MG under direct sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]