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Background: Several large-scale studies found that 9p21.3, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms increases type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Our research aimed to investigate whether the SNPs of the 9p21.3 locus (rs28911698), SOD2 (rs4880), and PON1 (rs662) genes were associated with the risk of T2DM and/or CAD in the Iranian population. In this case-control study four group subjects including patients with CAD non-T2DM, with CAD and T2DM, non-CAD with T2DM, and non-CAD non-T2DM were recruited to the study from 2019 to 2020. Methods: Molecular analysis was carried out by allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique for rs4880, Taqman genotyping assay for rs2891168, and PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for rs662. Results: The rs2891168 polymorphism presented an elevated risk of CAD in non-T2DM with CAD and with T2DM CAD groups compared to the non-T2DM non-CAD group with GG genotype and dominant model after adjustment (p< 0.05). G-allele in PON1 rs662 polymorphism associated with increased risk of T2DM in T2DM non-CAD, and T2DM CAD groups compared to non-T2DM non-CAD group with dominant model, GG and AG genotypes (p< 0.05). However, SOD2 rs4880 polymorphism presented no significant association with the development of diabetes or CAD. Conclusion: These results provide prime witness that rs2891168 and rs662 gene variants might have a possible increased risk of CAD and T2DM occurrence, respectively. To obtain more definitive and accurate results in this area, further research is required.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders with major global health consequences. The prevalence of CVDs continues to grow due to population-aging and lifestyle modifications. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of cell signaling pathways have gained attention in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Exosomal-lncRNAs (exos-lncRNAs) are emerging biomarkers due to their high sensitivity and specificity, stability, accuracy and accessibility in the biological fluids. Recently, circulatory and exos-based-lncRNAs are emerging and novel bio-tools in various pathogenic conditions. It is worth mentioning that dysregulation of these molecules has been found in different types of CVDs. In this regard, we aimed to discuss the knowledge gaps and suggest research priorities regarding circulatory and exos-lncRNAs as novel bio-tools and therapeutic targets for CVDs.

The principles of Mulla Sadra’s theology as they relate to multiple intelligences have not been considered. Inferring multiple intelligences from Sadraean philosophy opens a new window for education focusing on transcendence-centered learning. The present essay discusses the powers of human souls as they relate to the formation of fourteen intelligences, and which are classified under five broad categories. Paying attention to the process of learning based on distinct types of intelligences sets the stage for designing a consistent educational program ensuring both worldly and other worldly happiness.

Selling products and gaining profit is the main mission of a private Sales forces with their specialized relationships can determine the fate of transactions and make companies successful in achieving their ideal goals. Buyer-seller relationships can significantly reduce the marketing costs of the organization. Therefore, the impact of sales forces in an organization is relatively high in the past. A better understanding of the sales professional dimension will lead to the formation of long-term relationships and increase a company's profitability. However, although much research has been done on the issue of company-customer relationships, there have been extensive studies on the perception of consumer behavior by vendors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trust, reputation, and reputation of the seller on the commitment to the seller with the mediating roles of good interaction and perceived risk. The statistical population of this study was 250 customers of a retail company. In order to collect the required data, an electronic questionnaire was designed and distributed among the statistical reporters using the available sampling method. Validity of the questionnaire using content and structural methods was determined.

A phenomenological model of a single-shot grayscale photopolymerization process is developed and used within a virtual process planning framework for microlens fabrication. Along with previous research, the kinetic relations describing the solidification of UV-curable resin are derived based on the underlying chemical reactions involved in free radical photopolymerization. As enhancements to the state-of-the-art, our multiphysics model includes a recently proposed super-Gaussian description of the light field, as well as the photobleaching effect due to the live reduction in photoinitiator concentration during UV illumination. In addition, heat generation and thermal strains due to the exothermic chemical reactions, and chemical shrinkage due to polymerization and cross-linking of monomers are considered. The model is numerically implemented via finite element method in comsol multiphysics software. Using a simulation-based virtual process planning framework, customized microlenses are fabricated with an in-house grayscale lithography experimental setup for digital micromirror device (DMD)-based volumetric additive manufacturing. Simulation and experimental results show that after the end of exposure, the temperature quickly rises by the advancement of exothermic chemical reactions and reaches a maximum rise of 100 K in a few seconds, followed by a slow cooling and recovery of thermal strains. It is observed that chemical and thermal shrinkages can compromise the dimensional accuracy of the final part near the resin–substrate interface due to the strong adhesion of the solidified part to the rigid substrate that prevents material shrinkage in the vicinity of the rigid substrate.

Attention to practical philosophy is of a special place in the works of Farabi, Avicenna and Khajeh Nasir. The home management is concerned with family system and the place and roles of woman and man in home management. These three philosophers have common points as regards the principles and issues discussed in this area, but there are also considerable difference in their ideas regarding family and particularly woman. Drawing upon Greek philosophers, Farabi considers man an essentially civil entity and approaches the personality of woman with a humanist and virtue-centered perspective regardless of her gender. Avicenna and Khajeh Nasir have more functionalist view and insist mostly on the role of woman and man in family system. Of course, Khajeh has a more gender-related and less humanistic notion of woman and considers her as the servant of man whose main task is being a mother and a wife. Contrary to Farabi, he defines woman as phenomenon who should stay hidden at home and her exit from home and being in the society can result in undesirable consequences. The current essay assays the ideas of these three philosophers as well as their commonalities and differences as regards woman and home management.

The sensitive quantification of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), as a key prognostic tumor marker, plays a critical role in screening, early diagnosis and management of breast cancer. This paper describes a sandwich-type immunoassay with silver signal enhancement strategy for highly sensitive detection of HER2. For this purpose, the target capturing step was designed by functionalization of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coated magnetite nanoparticles with antibody (antiHER2/APTMS-Fe3O4), as a platform bioconjugate (PB), and immobilized at a bare GCE. Then, in the presence of label-free immunosensor, the PB was covered by magnetic gold nanoparticles self-assembled with thiolated antibodies (antiHER2/Hyd@AuNPs-APTMS-Fe3O4) containing chemically reduced silver ions, as a label bioconjugate (LB). Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship between the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) stripping signal of silver and the logarithm of HER2 concentrations was obtained in the range of 5.0 × 10-4-50.0ngmL-1 (R2 = 0.9906) with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10-5ngmL-1. The effectiveness of this protocol was evaluated experimentally through employing of designed immunosensor for detection of the serum level of tumor marker. The good consistency of the results with those obtained by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conventional method (p-value of < 0.05) showed that this immunosensor can be applied for the testing of HER2 in clinical samples of breast cancer patients.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of different chaotic maps on the exploration/exploitation capabilities of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). To do so, some well-known chaotic maps are embedded into a self-organizing version of EAs. This combination is implemented through using chaotic sequences instead of random parameters of optimization algorithm. However, using a chaos system may result in exceeding of the optimization variables beyond their practical boundaries. In order to cope with such a deficiency, the evolutionary method is equipped with a recent spotlighted technique, known as the boundary constraint handling method, which controls the movements of chromosomes within the feasible solution domain. Such a technique aids the heuristic agents towards the feasible solutions, and thus, abates the undesired effects of the chaotic diversification. In this study, 9 different variants of chaotic maps are considered to precisely investigate different aspects of coupling the chaos phenomenon with the baseline EA, i.e. the convergence, scalability, robustness, performance and complexity. The simulation results reveal that some of the maps (chaotic number generators) are more successful than the others, and thus, can be used to enhance the performance of the standard EA.

Background The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is involved in DNA methylation, synthesis and repair, which influences the risk of cancers. Many studies have demonstrated that the MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms are linked with the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no study has probed the relationship between these polymorphisms and CRC risk in southeast Iranian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of these two polymorphisms with CRC risk in a case-control investigation. Methods A total of 200 confirmed CRC patients and 200 healthy controls (matched to sex and age) were recruited from the Southeast of Iran between 2014 and 2019. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped for the polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The relationship between the polymorphism and CRC risk was evaluated by logistical regression analysis. Results MTHFR 667C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with a lower risk of CRC (TT vs CC: p-value = 0.021; CT vs CC: p-value = 0.047; CT+TT vs CC: p-value = 0.017). The T-allele was associated with decreased risk for CRC (p-value = 0.012). However, we did not observe any association of 1298A>C with CRC. Furthermore, stratified analysis showed that MTHFR 667C>T polymorphism was correlated with tumor location in CRC patients. The frequency of T-A haplotype was significantly higher in the healthy controls compared to CRC patients (p-value = 0.021). Conclusion In conclusion, the T-allele of MTHFR 667C>T polymorphism was related to decreased susceptibility to CRC in this Iranian population. Moreover, the CT-AA and TT-AA combined genotypes and T-A haplotype of MTHFR 667C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of CRC.

In this study, an extensive numerical analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of different quantum-based operators on the performance of continuous quantum-inspired evolutionary ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metformin is reported to have pleiotropic neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-ischemic activity, and improvements in vascular hemodynamics and endothelial function. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of metformin therapy in severe TBI patients. This single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial enrolled adult TBI patients. Of 158 trauma patients assessed, 30 met the eligibility criteria and were randomly allocated in a one-to-one ratio to receive 1 g metformin every 12 h for five consecutive days (intervention group) or to usual management only (control group). For efficacy analysis, temporal profiles of serum levels of S100b, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed. For pharmacokinetic analysis, serum concentrations of metformin were evaluated in the intervention group. The two study groups were similar in terms of demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, and on-admission biomarkers’ serum levels. Longitudinal analysis of S100b and NLR levels showed statistically significant declines in values toward normal levels in the intervention group (p values of

The application of digital micromirror device (DMD) for maskless lithography and vat photopolymerization in the micro-fabrication processes is increasing. Therefore, a high-fidelity model that describes the DMD’s light propagation in a medium is required. To achieve this goal, we initially measured the light field and the intensity evolution beyond its focal plane for a single pixel and multi-pixels pattern. Then, the divergent angle of the field has been obtained. In order to identify the effect of a light field in a vat polymerization performance, two scenarios were investigated: with and without light field effect (LFE). The measured light field data, as well as a uniform light field (without LFE), are fed to a previously developed FEM Multiphysics simulation software as an input. The simulation consists of photochemical kinetic reactions and light attenuation. For each scenario, the output was captured to generate distribution contours that represent the variations in the degree of conversion in the medium. The influence of LFE was investigated for two separate regions: the center and sidewall of the exposed pattern. The evolution of sidewalls angle vs. curing depth was experimentally validated.

An ultra-wideband antenna with frequency scanningcapability at 60 GHz band is presented. The antenna has a periodic leaky-wave structure, composed of nine unit-cells, which is optimized at the center frequency and removed the open-stopband. It has a circular polarization, high efficiency and gain, and backward to forward beam scanning capability of 76° including the broadside from 50 to 70 GHz. This extremely small-size antenna is fabricated on LTCC substrate that makes it a desirable candidate for SoP applications.

In this paper, a hybrid quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QIEA) is proposed to automatically design regularised ensemble extreme learning machines (EELMs). Quantum evolutionary computing is a relatively recent spot-lighted concept which takes advantage from both the evolutionary and quantum computing laws. In general, QIEAs have been proven to be really powerful for optimising complex engineering tasks. The fascinating trait of observation operator in QIEA enables us to transform the quantum bits to both the binary and continuous spaces. Here, the authors present a mix continuous/binary version of QIEA, to find out whether it is suited for designing regularised EELMs. Indeed, the design process of EELM is conducted at two different levels, i.e. hyper and low levels. At the low level, some novel criteria are presented in the form of penalty functions to enable the optimiser searching for parsimonious, compact and accurate regularised extreme learning machines, as individual components of the ensembl...

In this study, a comprehensive empirical test is conducted to analyse the effects of two well-known chaotic maps, namely sinusoidal and logistic maps, on the efficacy of double Pareto crossover, Laplace crossover and simulated binary crossover operators for the global optimization of continuous problems. To do so, 13 well-known numerical benchmark problems in three distinctive dimensions, namely 50D, 100D and 200D, are considered and the genetic algorithm GA with simple version and chaos-enhanced versions of the mentioned crossover operators are utilized for optimizing these functions. Furthermore, a time complexity analysis is conducted to find out the impact of hybridizing the chaos and the evolutionary operators on the computational complexity of GA. The results of the experimental analysis provide us with fruitful information regarding the scalability, computational complexity and exploration/exploitation capability of the considered rival optimization algorithms, as well as, demonstrate the efficacy of chaos-evolutionary computing for numerical continuous optimizations.

Projection-based stereolithography (PSL) is an efficient way for rapid fabrication of 3D structures. However, it is suitable for small parts requiring high resolution. The scanning-based SL (SSL) covers a larger area with a lower resolution. Fabrication time in PSL is intrinsically less than SSL due to exposing an entire image field in a single shot. This study introduces a new scanning-projection based stereolithography (SPSL) to include the advantages of both former methods. SPSL takes advantage of a digital micromirror device (DMD) and a moving stage to combine the projection and scanning methods. The DMD moves continuously over the medium while the projected pattern is continuously updated to allow the fabrication of large layers. After modeling the approach, an experimental setup is assembled to produce real parts. An economical ultra violet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) is used as a light source for curing. Seven 3D models with defined geometry consisted of circular, rectangular, complex and overhanging parts are selected. Five copies of each model are built. The experimental results show that the method is feasible and versatile. The achieved standard deviation is lower than 32 μm.

In this investigation, the authors intend to find out whether chaos-embedded heuristic walks with nature-based controllers are capable of increasing the performance of the standard random walks of evolutionary algorithms. Indeed, the research motivation emanates in the pursuit of addressing an increasing interest in using chaos sequences for modifying the exploitation capability of evolutionary optimisers. Here, the authors propose a nature-based controller to dynamically balance the exploration/exploitation capability of the evolutionary optimiser. To test the validity of the proposed method, a number of well-known Gaussian distribution-based evolutionary operators are considered, and their random parameters are changed with discrete-time chaotic sequences. Besides, to obtain authentic and reliable results regarding the accuracy and robustness of the rival techniques, the authors went through the existing literature and extracted 23 scalable, multimodal, constraint and unconstraint numerical benchmark pr...

The present paper describes a sensitive electrochemical detection of amlodipine (AMLO) at the poly-l-methionine–gold nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (PLM–GNPs/MWCNTs/GCE) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique at physiological pH 7.12. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrate that the proposed electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of AMLO. Kinetic parameters of the electrochemical reaction are calculated, and analytical variables such as MWCNT volumes, drug accumulation time, electropolymerization cycles and pH values are also optimized. Under optimal conditions, the linear range covering from 5 nM to 2.5 μM along with detection limit of 1 nM is obtained. Moreover, this method is successfully used to detect AMLO in pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids of a dosage received by the volunteer.

One of the common matters in Abrahamic religions, that is a person who is savior at end of the world, upon which are the witness being dismantled injustice in the word. By studies the sources of religious faith of Christianity and Islam share and receive to a common symptom for emersion happen. one of them is emerged in muslim and anti Christ Dajjal in christiantity. Although, both, background and future history about those religions are different, but it can be found some common points in this field. one of Importants of them is conforntantion with the establishment of corrective justice-oreinted government, this study investigates of the concept of religion in both performance in the Islamic sources.Based on the code discussed in the Christiant and Islamic sources this study explores this concept in the Islamic and Christian theogoly.

There are currently no analytical methods available which determine the exact arc length for NURBS curves and for this reason, a smooth feedrate profile with desired trajectory cannot be achieved. Numerical methods used to calculate the arc length are time-consuming processes which make generating a feedrate profile with desired accelerations difficult in real-time. This paper introduces a look-ahead trajectory generation method which determines the deceleration stage according to the fast estimated arc length and the reverse interpolation of each curve at every sampling time. This results in a feedrate trajectory generation with jerk-limited acceleration profiles for the NURBS curves. The feedrate profile is adjusted dynamically according to the geometrical path constraint determined by chord error for the curved path. A NURBS curve by two different kinematics conditions was used as a means to test the feasibility of the developed interpolation scheme and command generator.

In this work, a novel gadolinium membrane sensor based on new S–N Schiff,s base (2-[{3-[(2-sulfanylphenyl)imino)-1-methylbutylidene}amino]phenyl hydrosulfide (SMPH) is presented. The sensor displays a linear dynamic range between 1.0×10−1 and 1.0×10−5 M, with a nice Nernstian slope of 19.8±0.3 mV per decade and a detection limit of 3.0×10−6 M. The best performance was obtained with a membrane composition of 33% poly(vinyl chloride), 61% benzyl acetate, 2% sodium tetraphenyl borate and 5% SMPH. The potentiometric response of the sensor is independent of the pH of the solution in the pH range of 4.0–8.0. The sensor possesses the advantages of short conditioning time, very fast response time, and especially, very good selectivity towards a large number of cations, such as Sm(III), Ce(III), La(III), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II). The electrode can be used for at least 9 weeks without any considerable divergence in the potentials. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Gd(III) ions with EDTA, and recovery of Gd(III) from various binary mixtures. The electrode was also applied to the determination of Gd(III) in a urine sample.

A label free immunosensor was designed for ultra-detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in real samples using a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. In a separate process, antiHER2 antibodies were attached to iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) to form stable bioconjugates which were later laid over the gold electrode surface. In this way, by the advantage of their long terminals, the bioconjugates provided the most possible space for the immuno-reaction between biomolecules. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor was responsive to HER2 concentrations over the ranges of 0.01-10 ng mL(-1) and 10-100 ng mL(-1) linearly and benefited from a satisfactory detection limit as low as 0.995 pg mL(-1) and a favorable sensitivity as sharp as 5.921 μA mL ng(-1). The reliability of the method in clinical analysis was proved by successful quantization of HER2 levels in serum samples obtained from patients. Furthermore, the precision and the stability of the method were evaluated and verified to be acceptable in immunoassay studies.

In the present study, the electrochemical oxidation of atenolol (ATN) at gold nanoparticles (GNPs)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The synergetic effects of GNPs and MWCNTs highly improved electrochemical response and sensitivity of the sensor. The effect of experimental parameters, including amount of MWCNTs, GNPs, electrodeposition time, solution pH and scan rate on the sensor response, was evaluated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the respective linear calibration range, detection limit and sensitivity of the sensor were obtained as 1–60 μM, 0.5 μM and 350 nA μM−1 for differential pulse voltammetry and 0.1–1 μM, 59 nM and 4.405 μA μM−1 for chronoamperometry. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical samples, human urine and blood serum as real samples. The method was also applied to monitor ATN in urine samples of a dosage-received volunteer. Satisfactory recoveries of analyte from samples clearly revealed that the proposed sensor is well applicable to clinical analysis, quality control and a routine determination of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.