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Machine translation for low-resource languages poses significant challenges, primarily due to the limited availability of data. In recent years, unsupervised learning has emerged as a promising approach to overcome this issue by aiming to learn translations between languages without depending on parallel data. A wide range of methods have been proposed in the literature to address this complex problem. This paper presents an in-depth investigation of semi-supervised neural machine translation specifically focusing on translating Arabic dialects, particularly Egyptian, to Modern Standard Arabic. The study employs two distinct datasets: one parallel dataset containing aligned sentences in both dialects, and a monolingual dataset where the source dialect is not directly connected to the target language in the training data. Three different translation systems are explored in this study. The first is an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model that benefits from the shared vocabulary between the Egyptian dialect and Modern Arabic to learn word embeddings. The second is an unsupervised transformer model that depends solely on monolingual data, without any parallel data. The third system starts with the parallel dataset for an initial supervised learning phase and then incorporates the monolingual data during the training process., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, GO-Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 nanocomposites were synthesized in which the chain-like Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 NPs were decorated on GO sheets. The crystalline phases of Fe 2 O 3 and FeMn 2 O 4 were recognized from the XRD pattern. TEM images showed that the oval-shaped Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 NPs with an almost narrow size distribution (60-80 nm) were connected to form chains. The Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 NP chains were decorated on the GO sheets in different weight ratios and GO-Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 (1 : 3), GO-Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 (1 : 4), and GO-Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 (1 : 5) nanocomposites, which were respectively named S1, S2, and S3, were finally produced. The microwave attenuation performance of all samples was investigated based on their EM parameters. The results demonstrated the superior attenuation ability of S1 and S2 in terms of reflection loss and absorption bandwidth. The minimum reflection losses (RL min ) for S1 and S2 reached over -85 dB and -88 dB and at the rest of the frequency band, the RL varied from -10 dB to -40 dB for samples thicker than 2.4 mm. The effective bandwidth (RL ≤ -10 dB) was 10 GHz, which covered the entire Ku and X bands for S1, and was -8.3 GHz, which eliminated the entire Ku band and half of the X band, for S2 at 2.4-3.6 mm with matching thicknesses. S3 exhibited a relatively weaker absorption performance. The results confirmed that achieving the maximum EM absorption performance of GO-based composites is guaranteed by optimizing the weight ratio of the decorative material (Fe 2 O 3 /FeMn 2 O 4 NPs).

In this study, Fe/FeO-NiO HNFs in which 2D NiO hexagonal nanoflakes (NiO HNFs) were decorated by 0D Fe/FeO NPs were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Then, 0D/2D Fe/FeO-NiO HNFs were loaded on 2D GO sheets in three different weight ratios of GO (1 : 3), (1 : 4), and (1 : 5) to Fe/FeO-NiO HNFs and a novel GO-Fe/FeO-NiO HNF composite with a 2D/0D/2D structure was successfully produced. TEM images revealed the interesting morphology of the GO-Fe/FeO-NiO HNF composite in which individual FeO NPs with a narrow size distribution (∼15 nm) were arranged in hexagonal NiO nanoflakes, decorated on the GO substrate. Since the morphology of nanomaterials has an important effect on their microwave absorption properties, designing a composite with an asymmetric morphology, which is the combination of zero, one, and two-dimensional nanostructures can be very efficient for adjusting the microwave absorption property. The microwave absorption ability of GO-Fe/FeO-NiO HNF composites was surveyed. All samples of Fe/FeO-NiO HNF composites exhibited superior microwave attenuation performance in terms of reflection loss with a suitable bandwidth. The minimum reflection losses for GO-Fe/FeO-NiO HNFs (1 : 3), (1 : 4), and (1 : 5) reached -75.22, -53, and -18 dB, respectively, and the effective absorption bandwidths (RL ≤ -10 dB) for GO-Fe/FeO-NiO HNFs (1 : 3), (1 : 4), and (1 : 5) were 2, 3 and 3.2 GHz, respectively.

Background: Ionizing radiation (IR) is high-energy radiation that has the potential to displace electrons from atoms and break chemical bonds. It has the ability to introduce mutations, DNA strand breakage, and cell death. Being a radiosensitive organ, exposure of the thyroid gland to IR can lead to significant changes in its function., Aim of the Work: Was to measure the levels of thyroid hormones panel and ultrasonography abnormalities in medical staff occupationally exposed to IR., Subjects and Methods: A total of 120 subjects were divided into three main groups: Group I: radiation-exposed workers occupationally exposed to radioiodine (131I) (n = 40), Group II: radiation-exposed workers occupationally exposed to X-ray (n = 40), and Group III: non-exposed healthy professionals matched in age and sex with the previous groups (n = 40). Thyroid hormones panel including free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed. Oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured., Results: Group I had significantly higher fT3 levels than the control group. fT3 levels were considerably higher, while TSH was substantially lower in group II participants than in the control group. Tg was markedly lower in radiation-exposed workers. However, anti-TPO levels in radiation-exposed workers were significantly higher than in the control group. MDA and H 2 O 2 were substantially higher; TAC was significantly lower in radiation-exposed workers compared to the control group. According to ultrasonographic examination, thyroid volume and the percentage of thyroid nodules in all radiation workers were significantly higher than in the control group., Conclusion: Despite low exposure doses, occupational exposure to IR affects the thyroid hormones and links with a higher likelihood of developing thyroid immune diseases., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used polymer in the field of pharmaceutics, particularly in which related to drug delivery systems (DDS). Surface coating of the nanoparticles (NPs) with PEG (i.e. pegylation) adds novel characteristics that make their use in vivo more effective with lower cytotoxicity. The biodistribution profiles, reaction, and fate of PEG-coated NPs in vivo still unclear and need more detailed studies. Here in this study, we prepared PEG-coated iron oxide nanoclusters (PEG-coated IONCs) to investigate their biodistribution profiles and reactions in spleen after intravenous injection time-dependently. Using Prussian blue staining method as specific histochemical reaction for iron detection in the tissues, the PEG-coated IONCs were observed in a higher ratio in spleen red pulp after 1 day of injection but decreased time-dependently after 10 days and 20 days. Interestingly, PEG-coated IONCs moved from red pulp into the white pulp specially after 20 days of injection. After long time exposure (20 days), higher amount of PEG-coated IONCs was observed in the center of spleen white pulp follicle. Using histological staining, the reaction of PEG-coated IONCs with splenocytes or immune cells induced cellular abnormalities such as, nucleic acid damages, induction of megakaryocytes number, and sever vacuolation in the white pulp area specially after 20 days of injection. Histochemically, the localization of PEG-coated IONCs in the splenic parenchyma induced the level of the collagen fibers particularly after 1 day and 10 days of injection. Interestingly, cellular abnormalities in the splenic red pulp as well as collagen levels decreased after 20 days of injection due to the clearance of PEG-coated IONCs from this area. This data indicated that cytotoxicity produced by the reaction of PEG-coated IONCs in the spleen are reversible specially after 20 days of in the intravenous injection. Understanding the detailed mechanism of the fate and reaction of the coated nanomaterials after intravenous injection is important to design effective and safe DDS based NPs., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

A novel human coronavirus prompted considerable worry at the end of the year 2019. Now, it represents a significant global health and economic burden. The newly emerged coronavirus disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the primary reason for the COVID-19 global pandemic. According to recent global figures, COVID-19 has caused approximately 243.3 million illnesses and 4.9 million deaths. Several human cell receptors are involved in the virus identification of the host cells and entering them. Hence, understanding how the virus binds to host-cell receptors is crucial for developing antiviral treatments and vaccines. The current work aimed to determine the multiple host-cell receptors that bind with SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses for the purpose of cell entry. Extensive research is needed using neutralizing antibodies, natural chemicals, and therapeutic peptides to target those host-cell receptors in extremely susceptible individuals. More research is needed to map SARS-CoV-2 cell entry pathways in order to identify potential viral inhibitors.

The molecular Egyptology field started in the mid-eighties with the first publication on the ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of an Egyptian mummy. Egypt has been a major interest for historians, archeologists, laymen as well as scientists. The aDNA research on Egyptian biological remains has been fueled by their abundance and relatively well-preserved states through artificial mummification and by the advanced analytical techniques. Early doubts of aDNA integrity within the Egyptian mummies and data authenticity were later abated with studies proving successfully authenticated aDNA retrieval. The current review tries to recapitulate the published studies presenting paleogenomic evidence of disease diagnosis and kinship establishment for the Egyptian human remains. Regarding disease diagnosis, the prevailing literature was on paleogenomic evidence of infectious diseases in the human remains. A series of reports presented evidence for the presence of tuberculosis and/or malaria. In addition, there were solitary reports of the presence of leprosy, diphtheria, bacteremia, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis. On the contrary, paleogenomic evidence of the presence of rare diseases was quite scarce and mentioned only in two articles. On the other hand, kinship analysis of Egyptian human remains, including that of Tutankhamen, was done using both mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA markers, to establish family relationships in four studies. It is clear that the field of molecular Egyptology is still a largely unexplored territory. Nevertheless, the paleogenomic investigation of Egyptian remains could make significant contributions to biomedical sciences (e.g. elucidation of coevolution of human host-microbe interrelationship) as well as to evidence-based archeology., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical, and immunological characteristics of patients with systemic sclerosis living in Qatar. Method: This retrospective study included 42 patients with systemic sclerosis who attended Rheumatology Clinics at Hamad General Hospital in Doha, Qatar, between January 2000 and December 2014. All patients fulfilled the 1980 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for systemic sclerosis. Results: The 42 consecutively recruited patients of mixed ethnicities consisted of 37 (88.1%) females and 5 (11.9%) males. Of the total 42 patients, 22 (52.4%) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) and 20 (47.6%) had limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Mean age at onset of first symptoms was 34.5 ± 12 years, and mean age at diagnosis was 36.1 ± 11.5 years. During follow-up, Raynaud's phenomenon occurred in 36 (85.7%) patients, sclerodactyly in 39 (92.9%) patients, digital ulcers in 16 (38.1%) patients, calcinosis in 6 (14.3%) patients, telangiectasia in 16 (38.1%) patients, and arthritis in 13 (31%) patients. The gastrointestinal and respiratory systems were the most frequently affected internal organs. Gastrointestinal involvement was present in 36 (85.7%) patients, and respiratory involvement was found in 30 (71.4%) patients. The majority of patients had positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA; 97.6%). Anti-Scl-70 antibody was found in 66.7% and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) was detected in 14.3% of the patients. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study that describes the clinical and immunological profile of patients with systemic sclerosis living in Qatar. This study cohort showed an earlier age of disease onset and diagnosis than that reported in other international studies. Furthermore, in contrast to several other studies, the diffuse type of scleroderma was more commonly observed than the limited type, which resulted in a high frequency of anti-Scl-70 antibody and interstitial lung disease., (© 2019 Alam, Abdulaziz, Ul Haq, Mahdy, Mohammed Siam, Chandra, Al Emadi, licensee HBKU Press.)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO:Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a rapid, controllable, one-pot and room-temperature pulsed UV-laser assisted method. UV-laser irradiation was used as an effective energy source in order to gain better control over the NPs size and morphology in aqueous media. Parameters effective in laser assisted synthesis of NPs such as irradiation time and laser shot repetition rate were optimized. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO NPs showed a broad emission with two trap state peaks located at 442 and 485 nm related to electronic transition from zinc interstitial level (I Zn ) to zinc vacancy level (V Zn ) and electronic transition from conduction band to the oxygen vacancy level (V O ), respectively. For ZnO:Cu NPs, trap state emissions disappeared completely and a copper (Cu)-related emission appeared. PL intensity of Cu-related emission increased with the increase in concentration of Cu 2+ , so that for molar ratio of Cu:Zn 2%, optimal value of PL intensity was obtained. The photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO revealed 50 and 100% increasement than that of undoped NPs under UV and visible irradiation, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to smaller crystal size, as well as creation of impurity acceptor levels (T 2 ) inside the ZnO energy band gap., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

A number of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were reported in the last and present centuries. Some outbreaks of which (eg, SARS and MERS CoVs) caused the mortality of hundreds of people worldwide. The problem of finding a potent drug against HCoV strains lies in the inability of finding a drug that stops the viral replication through inhibiting its important proteins. In spite of its limited efficacy and potential side effects, Ribavirin is extensively used as a first choice against HCoVs. Therefore, scientists reverted towards the investigation of different drugs that can more specifically target proteins. In this study, four anti-HCV drugs (one approved by FDA and others under clinical trials) are tested against HCoV polymerases. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking are both used to compare the performance of the selected nucleotide inhibitors to their parent nucleotides and Ribavirin. Both QSAR and molecular docking showed that IDX-184 is superior compared to Ribavirin against MERS CoV, a result that was also reported for HCV. MK-0608 showed a performance that is comparable to Ribavirin. We strongly suggest an in vitro study on the potency of these two drugs against MERS CoV., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The complexes of Fe(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base derived from 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde have been prepared. Melting points, decomposition temperatures, Elemental analyses, TGA, conductance measurements, infrared (IR) and UV-Visible spectrophotometric studies were utilized in characterizing the compounds. The UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis revealed 1:1 (metal-ligand) stoichiometry for the three complexes. In addition to, the prepared complexes have been used as precursors for preparing their corresponding metal oxides nanoparticles via thermal decomposition. The structures of the nano-sized complexes and their metal oxides were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmittance electron microscopy. Moreover, the prepared Schiff base ligand, its complexes and their corresponding nano-sized metal oxides have been screened in vitro for their antibacterial activity against three bacteria, gram-positive (Microccus luteus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescence) and three strains of fungus. The metal chelates were shown to possess more antimicrobial activity than the free Schiff-base chelate and their nano-sized metal oxides have the highest activity. The binding behaviors of the complexes to calf thymus DNA have been investigated by absorption spectra, viscosity mensuration and gel electrophoresis. The DNA binding constants reveal that all these complexes interact with DNA through intercalative binding mode. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the prepared Schiff base complexes on human colon carcinoma cells, (HCT-116 cell line) and hepatic cellular carcinoma cells, (HepG-2) showed potent cytotoxicity effect against growth of carcinoma cells compared to the clinically used Vinblastine standard., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Three new nano sized Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of imine ligand derived from the condensation of 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde have been prepared and investigated using various chemical techniques such as NMR, elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, electronic spectra, TGA and magnetic moment measurements. The obtained chemical analysis data showed that the synthesis of 1:1 (metal:ligand) ratio and octahedral geometry was proposed on the basis of magnetic moment and spectral data studies except the Cu(II) complex which is tetrahedral geometry. Nano-sized particles of the investigated complexes were prepared by sonochemistry method. Furthermore, metal oxides nanoparticles were gained by calcination of the prepared corresponding complexes at 500°C and their structures were characterized by powder x-ray and transmittance electron microscopy. Moreover, the free ligand, its complexes and their metal oxides have been checked in vitro against a number of bacteria and fungi in order to assess their antimicrobial activities. In addition to that, DNA binding of the prepared complexes was tested by many routes such as electronic spectra, viscosity and gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the investigated complexes could bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. The cytotoxicity of the Schiff base complexes on human colon carcinoma cells, (HCT-116 cell line) and Breast carcinoma cells, (MCF-7 cell line) showed potent cytotoxicity effect against growth of carcinoma cells compared to the clinically used Vinblastine standard., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a rare autistic-like clinical condition with unknown etiology, in that previously acquired age-appropriate language, social and adaptive abilities deteriorate significantly in 2-10-year-old healthy children, although physical and neurological evaluations display no observable abnormality. Our case is a 22-year-old female born of a consanguineous marriage, with the appearance of CDD symptoms in her fifth year of age following normal mental and physical development during her initial four years of life. Without any precipitating factor, she gradually lost her language abilities, social relational skills, affectionate behavior, adaptive capacities, peer play and meaningful interest in her surrounding, friends and family members over a period of 4 years, reaching a plateau in her ninth year of age. The unique special clinical symptom in this case is a seasonal total mutism, which after the beginning of her CDD symptoms is revealing every year covering the spring. As no additional physical or psychological change accompanies her total seasonal speech loss, it cannot be attributed to any mental condition known as having a seasonal pattern. Because in the literature CDD is presented mostly as case reports with lacking of advanced research data, describing any new case is recommended to improve the knowledge about this rare condition, especially if it displays some new unusual signs, not reported till now.

Gabapentin is a common drug used as analgesic and anticonvulsant and also is prescribed for insomnia, depression, obsessive - compulsive disorder and panic attack. We report a case of a 48-year-old man who is prescribed gabapentin because of insomnia, headache, and depressed mood. In the first period of using the drug no complication has been seen. However in the next period, side-effects such as hyperesthesia, scaling and severe localized edema has been observed. After several laboratory tests and imaging, no reason was found for his edema. And after discontinuing gabapentin the pain and edema was quite relieved. We found out the brand of the drug has been switched in the second stage. The point which makes our study special is the incidence of side-effects such as severe edema, scaling and hyperesthesia for the first time because of using gabapentin and changing the drug combination.

Hypochondriasis is a persistent preoccupation that despite appropriate medical evaluations and assurance of patient's physical health, the patient insists on having a serious disease. The case which is discussed in this article is a 39-years-old woman that hospitalized for half of her life and no one can perceive her disorder according to her assertions. The mentioned case is a "difficult patient" with fear of oxygen shortage and being choked (Pnigophobia) which leads to continuous tendency to wear oxygen device even during sleep. There is no benefit in exaggerating her condition for herself so there is no fictitious disorder considered. During the therapy she has been assured that she does not have a serious disease and she has learnt to decrease oxygen intake and breath with his mouth. The point that makes this study different from the others is that most of hypochondriacal patients have a fear of getting HIV, cancers, hepatitis and MS but our patient has phobia of pulmonary embolism.

Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and benzodiazepine (TCA + BZD) poisoning and TCA poisoning alone. Methods. In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in a tertiary care university hospital in Iran, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of one hundred forty TCA only or TCA + BZD poisoned patients (aged 18-40 years) were evaluated. ABG analysis was done on admission in both groups. Outcomes were considered as survival with or without complication (e.g., intubation) and the frequency of TCA poisoning complications. Results. Arterial pH was significantly lower in TCA + BZD poisoning group compared with TCA only poisoning group (7.34 ± 0.08 and 7.38 ± 0.08, resp.; P = 0.02). However, other complications such as seizure, and the need for the endotracheal intubation were not significantly different. All patients in both groups survived. Conclusions. Concomitant TCA plus BZD poisoning may make the poisoned patients prone to a lower arterial pH level on hospital admission which may potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular complications in TCA poisoning.

Introduction. This study was conducted to evaluate and document the frequency and causes of agitation, the symptoms accompanying this condition in intoxications, relationship between agitation score on admission and different variables, and the outcome of therapy in a tertiary care referral poisoning center in Iran. Methods. In this prospective observational study which was done in 2012, 3010 patients were screened for agitation at the time of admission using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. Demographic data including age, gender, and the drug ingested were also recorded. The patients' outcome was categorized as recovery without complications, recovery with complications (hyperthermia, renal failure, and other causes), and death. Results. Agitation was observed in 56 patients (males, n = 41), mostly aged 19-40 years (n = 38) and more frequently in illegal substance (stimulants, opioids and also alcohol) abusers. Agitation score was not significantly related to the age, gender, and previous history of psychiatric disorders. Forty nine patients had recovery without any complication. The need for mechanical ventilation was the most frequent complication. None of the patients died. Conclusion. Drug abuse seems to be a must-to-consider etiology for patients presenting with acute agitation and its morbidity and mortality could be low in agitated poisoning cases if prompt supportive care is performed.

Background and Aim: The most common complication of renal transplantation is allograft dysfunction, which in some cases leads to graft loss. The role of graft nephrectomy in the management of transplant failure is controversial. The procedure remains associated with a significant morbidity and also mortality. Our main purpose was the comparison between clinical and pathological diagnosis of graft nephrectomy., Patients and Methods: The documents of 88 patients who admitted for graft nephrectomy in Shariaty hospital for the last 25 years were reviewed. Slides of graft pathology were revised by an individual nephropathologist. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 using ANOVA and Chi-square tests., Results: THE PERCENTAGES OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSES FOR THE GRAFT NEPHRECTOMY ARE: chronic rejection (38%), graft infection (26%), gross hematuria (10%), acute rejection (10%), accelerated rejection (8%), hyper-acute rejection (4%) and thrombosis of the renal artery (4). On the other hand, the pathological diagnoses are: necrosis concomitant with thrombosis (35%), only necrosis (26%) and 5 (3) concomitant with 4 (3) in 16% of cases that means severe interstitial atrophy and fibrosis adjacent with acute cellular rejection and intramural vasculitis., Conclusions: Pathology included necrosis in about half of the graft nephrectomized patients. If the panel reactivity test is negative preoperatively, and there is no absolute indication for the operation, one may abstain from graft nephrectomy to save the patient, the morbidity and even the mortality of the procedure. On the other hand, the advantages of leaving the graft in situ are erythropoietin production, hydroxylation of calcidiol and maintenance of some residual diuresis.

Objective: Suicide is the second major reason of death in the age range of 15-24 and is the eighth reason for overall death of adults. Because of high accessibility of people to different medications in our society, one of the easiest ways for suicide is intentional self-poisoning with medications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the rate of suicide with respect to influencing social factors on patients with intentional self-poisoning., Methods: This was an analytic-descriptive prospective study. All study data were collected through a checklist in patients with intentional self-poisoning who had been referred to referral hospital within 2011-2012., Findings: A total of 400 patients (60% female) were evaluated. Age average ± standard deviation of participants was 22.57 ± 9.20 years. About 78.2% had high school degree or less. Nearly 27.8% of all happened suicides take place as a result of family disputes, marital problems (21%) and poverty (11.5%). Love issues with a rate of 10.3% were set in the next step. About 23.2% had a history of a past psychological disorder. Around 97.5% of the patients survived. The shorter the time of hospitalization is for each patient, the better survival rate is obtained through post-suicidal medical care. A statistically meaningful relationship was observed between self-poisoning to commit suicide and absence of academic education (P = 0.02)., Conclusion: Suicide attempt through self-poisoning is more common in female, married individuals, people without academic education and those with a poor socio-economic status. Furthermore, results announce family disputes as the most pre-disposing factor for suicide.

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the congenital fusion of two of the seventh cervical vertebrae. A 50-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of neck pain and ataxia for 1 year. She had not urinary incontinence. She was referred to a neurosurgeon by a neurologist because of her progressive gait ataxia. Risk for brachial plexus injury because of compression or stretching by the clavicle accelerate with age. Therefore, the surgical approach of adults' patients with Sprengel's deformity can intend suitable surgical conclusions.

Background: There are few articles studding the factors associated with successful smoking cessation in Iranian smokers. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between socio-demographic factors and smoking behavior, such as number of failed smoking cessation and duration of abstinence in Iranian population., Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey of 673 participants was conducted in a local government health-care center. The questionnaire included items on socio-demographic information including, age, marital status, education, income, and job. Furthermore, information on smoking cigarettes including number of smoking per day, duration of smoking, cigarettes brand, nicotine concentration, and history of cessation was obtained., Results: Mean ± SD of age and daily cigarette consumption were 39.7 ± 1.1 and 22.1 ± 1.1 respectively. Failure rate of smoking cessation was higher in the lower age group (odds ratios [OR] 2.9; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.1, 7.7) and less than 10 numbers smoking per day (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3, 4.5) and duration of smoking more than 30 years (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2, 9.3) and foreign cigarette brand (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1, 2.7). Length time of cessation was prominent in participants with lower age group (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.3, 22.1), and less than 10 numbers smoking per day (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5, 4.9) and lower in smokers with duration of smoking more than 10 and 10-19 years (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.12, 0.89), (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.17, 0.76), respectively., Conclusions: The above results suggest that there are a significant association between socio-demographic factors and smoking-related behaviors in the Iranian population, consistent with previous reports world-wide. These factors should be considered to have appropriate public-health and policy response.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm among women in most developed countries, including Egypt. Elevated levels of certain proteins in human BC are associated with unfavorable prognosis and progressive stages of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the protein expression profile and prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and their interaction in operable BC patients. The protein expression of COX-2, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were evaluated by western blot technique, whereas enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was determined by zymography in 47 breast cancer patients as well as normal adjacent tissues. Also, the correlation between these proteins and age, tumor size, LN stage, TNM stage, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) has been investigated. As compared to adjacent normal tissues, COX-2, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were over-expressed in 43, 64, and 60 % of tumor tissues, respectively. In the same pattern, the activity of MMP-2 (62 %) and MMP-9 (45 %) was elevated in BC tissues. Multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between the protein expression of COX-2, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BC patients. However, the enzymatic activity showed no correlation with clinicopathological features. This study confirms the preclinical evidence that COX-2 increased the expression of MT1-MMP, which in turn activates MMP-2. The lack of correlation with clinicopathological features, OS or disease-free survival ascertains the complexity of tumor progression and metastasis with many pro- and counter regulatory factors.

Wilson's disease (WD) or hepatolenticular degeneration is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism (autosomal recessive, chromosome13). Psychiatric disorders in WD include dementia, characterized by mental slowness, poor concentration, and memory impairment. Symptoms may progress rapidly, especially in younger patients, but are more often gradual in development with periods of remission and exacerbation. Delusional disorder and schizophrenia-like psychosis are rare forms of psychiatric presentation. In this report, the patient with WD presented by psychosis symptoms and treated mistaken as schizophrenia for almost ten years. Although he has treated with antipsychotics, he had periods of remissions and relapses and never was symptoms free. Since psychosis can be the manifestation of medical diseases such as WD, overall view of these patients is necessary and medical diseases should be considered as a differential diagnosis.