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Wireless Sensor Networks are a type of network designed for situations which lack infrastructure and are resource constrained. Furthermore, they are dynamic in nature. As energy is sometimes in scarce supply for these networks, one of the foremost serious threats is, the Denial of Sleep (DeoS) attacks; such attacks fatigue the device nodes and reduce the device's overall lifetime. The schemes for these networks proposed in the past do not offer optimal power energy consumption. Hence, in this paper, we present an Encryption and Authentication based Security Scheme (EASS) to combat DeoS attacks. EASS is based on the use of SHA and symmetric cryptography to prevent power draining attacks, thereby extending the lifetime of the sensor nodes of a power-constrained network. The proposed lightweight security scheme imposes low computational requirements, and performs better than other solutions found in the literature. Simulation results indicate that our suggestion uses power intelligently and might decrease the efficacy of DeoS attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of phase change material (PCM) in textile products to improve the fabrics' thermal performance, along with the use of thermal energy storage (TES) to reduce the gap between the time of energy requirements and use.

RAPET (Reactions under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) method has been used to synthesize lithium titanium phosphate anode material. The prepared compound is characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical behavior has been studied in different aqueous electrolytes using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. CV peak current is proportional to the square root of scan rate. The system satisfies the required conditions for a reversible redox system. LiTi2(PO4)3 is found to undergo lithium insertion at all concentrations of LiNO3 electrolyte. The values of -Z" when all the points of the impedance spectra measured in 2 M Li2SO4 electrolyte compared at 5 mHz are found to show a minimum at the potential close to the CV peak potential during charge and discharge. The cell, LiTi2(PO4)3/2 M Li2SO4/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 delivers a discharge capacity of 116 mAh g-1 in the first cycle at an applied current of 0.2 mA cm-2 (C/5rate) and it retains a capacity of 107 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles with good rate capability. The non-aqueous cell, Li/l M LiAsF6/EC-DMC/LiTi2(PO4)3 delivers a discharge capacity of 125 mAh g-1with a voltage plateau around 2.4 V vs Li/Lit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiNi 1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material is synthesized by reactions under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature (RAPET) method and its electrochemical behavior is studied in 5 M LiNO3 aqueous solution and compared with that in a nonaqueous electrolyte. In cyclic voltammetry, LiNi 1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrode exhibits a pair of reversible redox peaks and the corresponding potential plateaus were observed during charge-discharge cycle. Potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PIT!') and electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) data measured at various potentials are analyzed to determine the kinetic parameters which characterize intercalation/de- intercalation of lithium ions in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. A typical cell employing LiNi 1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 as cathode and LiTi2(PO4)3 as anode in 5 M LiNO3 solution delivers an average output voltage of 1.0 V with a specific capacity of 84 mAh g-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode material for lithium ion batteries is synthesized by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature (RAPET) method. The simple synthesis procedure is time and energy saving, and thus is promising for commercial application. The structure and stability of the material have been characterized by means of XRD and TG-DTA. The electrochemical properties of the LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode are investigated in 2 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte and they are compared to that in an organic electrolyte. A battery cell consisting of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 as cathode in 2 M Li2SO4 solution is constructed in combination with LiTi2 (PO4)3 as anode. The cell retained almost constant discharge capacity over hundred cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) studies in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes revealed that the mechanism of lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation processes in LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 electrode follow almost similar mechanism in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. The chemical diffusion coefficient was calculated from slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry and EIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral malaria, a severe form of Plasmodium falciparum infection, is an important cause of mortality in sub-Saharan African children. A Taqman 24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) molecular barcode assay was developed for use in laboratory parasites which estimates genotype number and identifies the predominant genotype. Methods The 24 SNP assay was used to determine predominant genotypes in blood and tissues from autopsy and clinical patients with cerebral malaria. Results: Single genotypes were shared between the peripheral blood, the brain, and other tissues of cerebral malaria patients, while malaria-infected patients who died of non-malarial causes had mixed genetic signatures in tissues examined. Children with retinopathy-positive cerebral malaria had significantly less complex infections than those without retinopathy (OR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.51-9.10]).The complexity of infections significantly decreased over the malaria season in retinopathy-positive patients compared to retinopathy-negative patients. Conclusions: Cerebral malaria patients harbour a single or small set of predominant parasites; patients with incidental parasitaemia sustain infections involving diverse genotypes. Limited diversity in the peripheral blood of cerebral malaria patients and correlation with tissues supports peripheral blood samples as appropriate for genome-wide association studies of parasite determinants of pathogenicity., Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Version of Record