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BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting 80% of patients. Many studies have aimed to detect methods to reduce spasticity under these conditions and found that spasticity can be efficiently reduced using cryotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of cryotherapy on spasticity among patients with MS. METHODS: Thirty-two participants were randomized into two groups. The study group was given airflow cryotherapy and a selected physical therapy program, whereas the control group was only given a selected physical therapy program. The treatment was administered three times each week for a total of twelve consecutive sessions. The outcome measures were the modified Ashworth scale and the H/M ratio. RESULTS: The study group showed significant decrease in calf muscle spasticity, indicated by a reduction in spasticity grade (p = 0.001) and a decrease in the H/M ratio of 33.81% (p = 0.001). The control group also showed significant reduction in calf muscle spasticity, as indicated by a reduction in spasticity grade (p = 0.001) and a reduction in the H/M ratio of 19.58% (p = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the spasticity grade and H/M ratio of the study group posttreatment compared with those of the control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The combined effect of cryotherapy and a selected physical therapy program are more effective in controlling the spasticity of calf muscles in patients with MS than a selected physical therapy program alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Localized adiposity, also known by the name of visceral fat, are adipose accumulations. Abdominal obesity is a subject of extensive investigation due to its classification as a risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses, restrictive lung disease, diabetes, as well as dyslipidemia. Objectives: The objective of this investigation is to compare the impact of cavitation versus radiofrequency on the reduction of abdominal adiposity in female students in Deraya University. Methods: Twenty overweight female students in Deraya, they are selected randomly, their age ranged from 18-25 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) (25-29.9) kg/m², they have waist hip ratio (WHR) > 0.8. The individuals are randomly allocated into two groups of equal size: Group (A) receive ultrasound cavitation 70 KHz applied for 60 min, one session every week for six weeks plus treadmill exercise. Group B receive radio frequency 60 kHz applied for 30 minutes, one session ever week for six weeks in addition to treadmill exercise. Measurements of waist ratio, circumference ratio, hip ratio, body weight, as well as BMI were taken shortly before the intervention procedures and again six weeks following the study. Results: Both cavitation and radiofrequency had a significant decrease Abdominal fat thickness and weight (P value<0.05). When the two groups were compared, the waist-to-hip ratio decreased significantly with radiofrequency but not significantly with cavitation (P value>0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency is more effective than Cavitation in the decrease of abdominal fat thickness as well as waist hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]