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Library and Information Policy (LIP) remains essential yet underutilized, despite decades of discourse. This paper reviews its evolution and current status, highlighting the need for a distinct focus on libraries within national information frameworks. Analyzing policy issues and establishment processes, it identifies gaps and emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches. Global efforts are examined, showcasing diverse approaches. The paper advocates for renewed attention to comprehensive LIP frameworks that recognize libraries' unique roles and address contemporary challenges.

The study aims to develop a proposed vision for a guide to help libraries and information institutions participate in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The study consists of three main sections. The first section deals with the methodological introduction, which defines the nature of the research, its objectives, its problem, and the approach followed in solving the problems and questions of the study. The second section deals with the theoretical framework of the study, and begins by clarifying the basic concepts related to the subject of the study. It addresses the definition of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, then discusses the current status of development plans in Arab countries, then discusses the role of libraries in achieving the sustainable development goals, and then reviews the international efforts of the international library community, represented by In efforts led by IFLA. Finally, the study reviews the efforts of Arab information institutions to participate in achieving the sustainable development goals. The third section deals with the application and the basic product of the study, which is to develop a proposed vision for a guideline that libraries can rely on in order to have an effective role in sustainable development plans. These guidelines provide the methods that can be followed to prepare the plan for libraries and information institutions to participate in the state’s plan for sustainable development. The study concludes by reviewing the most important findings it reached with some recommendations that it believes are necessary and needed in the future.

This research paper aims to explore the extent to which intellectual property laws in Arab countries include provisions related to electronic and Internet-published information sources. The study seeks to identify the availability of intellectual property protection laws and whether these laws have been updated to cover new forms of electronic information sources. The study's findings reveal that there are intellectual property laws in 17 Arab countries. All these laws include provisions on computer programs, but only five laws address databases as an electronic information source. Moreover, all the intellectual property laws in Arab countries have overlooked provisions regarding electronic information sources published on the Internet.

The issue of illegal immigration from North Africa to Europe is one of the most prominent phenomena that have preoccupied analysts, researchers, and decision-makers, considering that it affects the security of countries and societies alike in North Africa, especially after the wave of protests in 2011. The proposed study focuses on two main questions: What are the repercussions of illegal immigration on the European Union? What are the most important European Union policies to address illegal immigration from North Africa? The methodology of the study employs the qualitative method since it helps provide a substantial and rich description of this complex phenomenon, tracking unique or unexpected events by analyzing the following policies: the Barcelona Process, the Schengen Agreement, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the 5+5 Dialogue, the European Neighbourhood Policy, and the Union for the Mediterranean. This article presents an analytical study of European policies to confront illegal immigration from North African countries. Finally, it is concluded the need to adopt a preventive strategy to confront illegal immigration in the Mediterranean region by addressing its causes, especially in the southern Mediterranean countries, which are considered source countries, for improving economic and social conditions.

The extensive networking of devices and the large amount of data generated from the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought security issues to the attention of the researcher. Java is the most common platform for embedded applications such as IoT, Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN), Near Field Communications (NFC) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The object programming languages such as Java, SWIFT, PHP and C++ use garbage collection after any object run which creates security loophole for attacks such as Next Memory Address Occupation (NMAO), memory replay, Learning Tasks Behaviors (LTB). The security risk increases in IoT when attacks exceeds the target device to the surrounding connected devices. Inappropriate or wrong operations causes energy loss and increased costs. In this paper, a security method to protect IoT system operation from memory heap penetration and address modification attack is proposed. The proposed method prevents directed attack by encrypting the object Garbage Collection at run time. To form a unique signature mechanism, the Cryptographic Hash Function (CHF) which employs a specific one-way hash algorithm. The proposed framework uses L-function based ECC and one-time Key (OTK) to secure the memory heap. Our method is used with open system where the effect on the operating system is not considered. The proposed method proved to be powerful and efficient which can help in achieving higher levels of security across several IoT applications, by enabling better detection of malicious attacks.

Whether autoimmune or rheumatic disease can be precipitated after vaccination is controversial. Only epidemiological studies or clinical trials with an extremely large sample size can allow for a consistent assessment of the relative risk of vaccine-related incidence. Studies with such large sample sizes are complex, difficult to perform, and costly, which limit their administration. There exists no minimum criteria for diagnosing vaccine-related autoimmune diseases, this question must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Although our report does not prove a causal association between vaccination and vasculitis, it seems possible that in rare cases, vaccination might induce vasculitic disease. While the possibility of autoimmune disease is very real, without vaccinations the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will spread unchecked, bringing with it a slew of multisystem disorders, including autoimmune diseases both in the present and future ('Table 1, Figures 1, 2').

Over the years, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been steadily increasing. Cardiovascular causes account for 55.2% of all deaths among ESRD patients. In particular, there is an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) & venous thromboembolism (VTE). AF is more prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) (21.3%) than in peritoneal dialysis (PD) (15.5%) or in patients with kidney transplant (13.7%). In addition to AF, the risk of stroke (event rate of 5.61 per 100 person years) in ESRD patients is greatly increased compared to those without renal impairment (event rate of 3.61 per 100 person years), which is very concerning due to the already increased cardiovascular mortality among these patients. ESRD is a complex condition in which usual interventions do not often provide the desired outcome seen in other comorbidities. The inherent paradox of hypercoagulability and increased risk of bleeding along with the lack of risk tratification models further complicate the selection of anticoagulants in patients with ESRD and AF. Due to the lack of controlled trials and the contradictory results and outcomes, it is not possible to argue for or against the use of any particular therapeutic agent. Data regarding risks and benefits of antiplatelet agents use among ESRD patients with AF has been conflicting and there is no consensus or guideline regarding their routine use.

The concomitant occurrence of tuberculous adenitis and Hodgkin lymphoma is rare, posing a diagnostic dilemma since both have similar symptoms, such as lymphadenopathy, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. We reported such a case in a 15-year-old girl who presented with fever and neck swelling and was found to have lymphadenopathy. A biopsy of the right supraclavicular lymph node showed Reed-Sternberg cells and stained positive for acid-fast bacilli and tuberculosis culture. The patient was diagnosed with tuberculous adenitis with concurrent Hodgkin lymphoma in the same lymph node. She was started on anti-tubercular medications and chemotherapy and showed clinical improvement. This case highlights the need for suspicion in order to identify these two disorders in the same patient, since missing one of them is possible and may lead to fatal complications.

In the United Kingdom, local government includes authorities and subordinate agencies that are established according to the law, under the direction of a locally elected council to provide services for their local neighborhoods and represent their concerns and interests. The United Kingdom does not have a federal government, like the United States; there is no division of powers between the central government and local units. The central government has all governmental powers and is dominantly responsible for public policy making. The research will clarify the function of local government and identify the relationship between the central government and local authorities. It will also analyze modern models of policy networks in the UK and demonstrate their difference from the federal system.

The citation databases and journals’ directories considered important tools for listing, indexing and accessing the content of scientific journals. These tools aiming at ensuring the best scientific quality of each journal included in any indexing service. In order to achieve that goal, databases set hard standards and criteria that must be applicable by the journals to be qualified for the international databases and directories. This paper aiming at evaluation the current situation of six electronic Arab journals in library and information science to find out how the selected journals compatible with the criteria of citations databases and journals’ directory. The journals evaluated according to the criteria of: 1. Web of Science (Thomson Reuters WoS) 2. Scopus (Elsevier) 3. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) The results proved that none of the six journals are qualified to be included in Web of Science, and Scopus, while only one journal is qualified to be added to DOAJ.

A study on digital reference service management software in libraries. The study begins with a methodological introduction that addresses the objectives of the research, its terminology, and previous studies. Then, it deals with a brief introduction about the digital reference service, and then talks about reference service software and its categories, dividing them in terms of methods of availability and in terms of systems integration. The study also discusses the specifications that must be met in reference service management systems. Finally, the study reviews three of the most famous international systems for digital reference service management, which are: QuestionPoint, RefTracker, LibAnswers.

The study discusses the recent developments that have occurred or are expected to occur in library catalogs in the Web 2.0 environment, which include supporting beneficiary participation in content, which is one of the most important characteristics of Web 2.0, as well as creating new ways of interaction and communication between libraries and their beneficiaries. The study dealt with an introduction to Web 2.0 and discussed the problem of defining the concept of Web 2.0. The study then reviewed the most important applications of Web 2.0, which are: Blogs, free writing, RSS site summary, online social networks, content description. The study then discussed the effects of Web 2.0 on library catalogs. The study talked about four aspects of how catalogs are affected by the concept of Web 2.0, in terms of providing new places to make catalogs available, creating new roles for beneficiaries of library catalogs, the emergence of new forms of catalogs, and developing automated systems for libraries. Then the study began to review the actual applications of Web 2.0 in foreign library catalogs. These applications were limited to four main aspects, which are: making library catalogs available via social networking sites, using the site summary (RSS) in library catalogs, adding content descriptors, sharing Bibliographic data. Finally, the study presented the only two Arab models of Web 2.0 applications in library catalogs, which are the Nile University Library catalog and the British University Library catalog in Egypt.

The study deals with applications of the second generation of Internet services, known as Web 2.0. The study began with an extensive discussion and complete analysis of the term Web 2.0, then the study developed a definition of the term. The study then examined the most prominent applications in the Web 2.0 environment, which are: Blogs, free writing, Wiki, RSS site summary, Online Social Networks, and content description Content Tagging. The study then addressed the concept of libraries 2.0 and presented its most important principles. Then the study discussed the impact of Web 2.0 on the library profession, as it presented the specifications and qualifications of library specialists in an environment Web 2.0, then presented for its impact on specialized functions.

In this review, we discuss one of the modern Arabic books in the field of libraries and information. It deals with one of the technological applications in providing information services, which is the digital reference service that is provided on the websites of Arab libraries on the Internet. As for the author of the book; He is one of the most prominent people who wrote about information technology, so the book was distinctive, and the researcher succeeded in creating a distinctive and new research method.

In this presentation, we discuss one of the important foreign books, which deals with the subject of information technology in the Middle East and North Africa region, in terms of economic aspects in terms of countries’ investments in the field of information technology, as well as social aspects, and also in terms of political aspects, which is what the book focuses on. The book comes out with a very important conclusion, which is that there are no signs and indicators of an information revolution occurring in most countries of the Middle East and North Africa.

An exploratory study of the presence of Arabic websites specialized in the field of libraries and information in specialized international directories and portals. The study reveals the presence of Arabic websites in three types of foreign directories, which are: general directories and portals in the specialty, library directories and catalogues, and directories of library colleges and schools. The study came out with the result In general, the presence of Arab websites specialized in collecting evidence is very weak.

A comprehensive analytical study of Arab Internet sites specialized in the field of libraries. The study identifies 151 specialized Arab sites and provides an analysis of the sites from several aspects: categories of specialized sites, domain names of sites in terms of their independence and nature, geographic distribution of sites, languages ​​of sites, then Arab library sites in terms of Its indexes, geographical distribution, types of libraries, and finally an analysis of the sites according to the availability of metadata and their use of the Dublin Core standard in their formulation. At the end of the study, the study presents a global ranking of specialized Arabic websites that have an independent domain name according to the global ranking of Internet sites issued by Alexa.

The study draws a comparison between the cataloging practice that takes place in both libraries and subject portals on the Internet that acquire Internet resources, and the comparison is made from several aspects: Selection, description, entries and headings, authority control, acquisition and availability of information, and concludes by presenting the most important conclusions that clarify the differences between the indexing practice in both examples.

A study on the term “cybrarian” deals with the origins of the term, its definition in a group of general and specialized linguistic dictionaries, with a comment on the various definitions, then it deals with the use of the term at the Arab level, which was represented by the emergence of a printed bulletin and an online discussion group bearing the name “cybrarians,” and a study published in one of the specialized journals, Finally, a website was created called Cybrarians, then attempts were made to create an Arabic equivalent for the term, ending with a proposal for an Arabic equivalent for the term, which is information specialist.