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Diabetic foot ulcer is a well-documented complication of uncontrolled diabetes and its association with the variables involved in Diabetes like FBS, RBS and HBA1C has been thoroughly researched. This research aims to identify the association of diabetic foot ulcer under Wagner classification with HBA1C classes. Objectives: To determine the severity of diabetic foot ulcer at various level of HBA1C and determine the association. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 360 diabetic patients who after giving consent filled questionnaires. The information was analyzed using SPSS v26 (IBM) through Chi Square test. The results were tabulated and inferred from. Results: Our work depicts a statistically significant correlation between grades of diabetic foot ulcer and HBA1C levels of the patients (p-value 11.00. Conclusions: This research further supplemented an already strongly established association between uncontrolled diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer. We focused on specifically HBA1C and how increased lab values are linked with different grades of Diabetic Foot ulcer and found a strong association demanding a proactive approach towards patient care and education

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common phenomenon which is noticeably common among the older individuals population. Progression of this disorder is known to increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and Dementia. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association of quality of life and mild cognitive impairment in geriatric population. Methods: The data was collected using Memory Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form (MSAS-SF) and Quality of life- Alzheimer Disease (QOL-AD) during a time period of six months from 300 individuals aged between 55-85years. The data analysis of this study was done using SPSS 21 version. Spearman test values were calculated to obtain results. Results: MSAD-SF and QOL-AD showed a significant decline of QOL in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. MSAS-SF and QOL-AD had a significant association with pain, lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, problems with urination, lack of appetite, dizziness, feeling sad, worrying, feeling irritable, memory, ability to do chores around the house, physical health, self as a whole and ability to do things for fun (pvalue< 0.05). Domains in both questionnaires indicated a decline in QOL with significant p-values of

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder with frequent psychological comorbidities. Depression is also associated with increased functional disability in RA patients. Objective: To determine the association of depression and disability with health related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in which 143 patients having rheumatoid arthritis were taken from the Islamabad rheumatology centers during period of 1st August 2019 to 30th January 2020 using non probability purposive sampling technique. All the diagnosed patients of Rheumatoid arthritis both male and female between age 35 and 60 were included in this study whereas patients with any other comorbidity were excluded. Chi square test was applied to determine the association. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: In this study level of disability as measured by health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQDI) out of 143 patients, (48.95%) patients experienced mild disability, 58 (40.55%) and 15(10.48%) patients presented with moderate and severe disability respectively. Results of severity of depression as measured by beck depression inventory scale (BDI) were: 23(16.1%) patients had mild depression, 22 (15.4%) patients had moderate depression, and 15 (10.4%) patients had severe depression. Association of disability and depression with health related quality of life (HRQOL) was significant with p

Objective: To compare the effects of task-based mirror therapy and Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on upper limb function in post stroke patient. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Pakistan Railway general hospital, Rawalpindi. The duration of this study was from 10th July to 31st December 2019. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used with n=50 male and female subacute and chronic post-stroke patients between 40-50 years. The patients with Modified Ashworth Scale

Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) and complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) are rare forms of glomerulonephritis with distinct aetiologies. Both FGN and C3G can present with nephritic syndrome. FGN is associated with autoimmune disease, dysproteinaemia, malignancy and hepatitis C infection. C3G is caused by the unregulated activation of the alternative complement pathway. We present a rare case of diffuse necrotising crescentic glomerulonephritis with dominant C3 glomerular staining on immunofluorescence—consistent with C3G—but electron microscopy (EM) findings of randomly oriented fibrils with a mean diameter of 14 nm and positive immunohistochemistry for DNAJB9—suggestive of FGN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of FGN to show dominant C3 glomerular deposits. This case report reaffirms the utility of EM in the evaluation of nephritic syndrome and highlights the value of DNAJB9—a novel biomarker with a sensitivity and specificity near 100% for FGN.

Introduction .Objectives of the study are:- 1) To determine the frequency of stress incontinence in pregnant females, 2) To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence is increased in primigravida (pregnant for first time), or multigravida. 3) To determine how many of the females are referred for physiotherapy. Methodology: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 600 pregnant females from January to June 2018 selected via the convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from different major cities of Pakistan using validated questionnaires including “The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis” (QUID) and “International consultation on incontinence questionnaire” (ICIQ-SF) and self-structured questions assessing the reference of pregnant women to physiotherapy, for urinary incontinence. Subjects were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with the consent and approval of the participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.20. Results Out of 600 females, 84.3% (506/600) had experienced stress urinary incontinence in pregnancy and a 64.5% urinary incontinence was found in multigravida females. According to the results, the complaints of urinary incontinence were increased during the 9th month to 35.5%. 6.2% of the participants were referred to a physiotherapist for exercise, out of which, 3.7% were prescribed daily exercise and 1% followed the exercise regime regularly. Conclusion This Study concludes that the frequency of stress urinary incontinence in third-trimester pregnant women especially during 9th-month multigravida is severed. Referral to physiotherapy for urinary incontinence in pregnancy is extremely low.

Meningitis is the infection of the spinal cord and brain. Bacterial meningitis is a great public health concern, especially in immunocompromised patients and children, particularly in underdeveloped counties. There are various types of bacterial meningitis (pneumococcal, meningococcal, listeria monocytogenes, neonatal, Hemophilus) having different rates of incidences and etiological agents. It occurs when bacteria get into the bloodstream from the nose, sinuses and ear. s. Infants and children are more susceptible to bacterial meningitis; similarly, alcoholics, smokers, malnutrient people, people with HIV and TB are at higher risks of this infection; all these factors must be taken into account to determine its severity. The diagnosis has critical importance and is considered one of the most urgent microbial medical emergencies. The use of vaccines is essential to eradicate this disease from the globe. This article highlights the risk factors, current diagnosis, treatment options and management plans in terms of bacterial meningitis.

Background Anterior cervical disk fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical approach for the treatment of cervical spine pathology. Esophageal perforations, though uncommon, are a devastating complication of this surgery. The objective of this paper is to assess the success of different treatment approaches for the management of esophageal/pharyngeal injury after ACDF. Methods Given the absence of prospective trials, the review includes institutional case reports and case series from 1985–2020 in the English language literature. Only cases of esophageal/pharyngeal injury in the setting of anterior cervical hardware were considered for study inclusion. For purposes of this study, treatment success is defined as resumption of oral intake. Results The database review identified 76 distinct series that meet criteria for study inclusion, with 173 patients available for analysis. A heterogeneous array of treatments was used for the management of pharyngoesophageal injuries after ACDF ranging from observation to complex free tissue reconstruction, with varying degrees of treatment success reported. We identified a number of factors, specifically duration of injury from initial ACDF procedure, which may impact the complexity of treatment required to maximize likelihood of treatment success. Conclusions Pharyngoesophageal injuries, albeit rare, are a serious and often complex complication after ACDF procedures. We propose a detailed algorithmic approach to guide decision making if faced with this clinical challenge. The huge variability in how these patients are treated emphasizes the potential utility of future multiinstitutional studies.

Objective: To check the effectiveness of TENS therapy in reducing pain caused by orthodontic movement. Methods: This was a single-blinded parallel-arm randomized controlled trial among patients presented for treatment of increased overjet using the split-mouth technique. Ethical consent was obtained from 45 patients. An initial levelling and alignment of dentition were achieved, followed by extraction of maxillary pre-molars, and canines were distalized, maintaining 100grams of force. The TENS pads were placed on the cheeks. One side was supplied with active impulses, considered an interventional side, while the other was not supplied with impulses and was marked as the control side. Pain intensity was measured on the tested tool (NRS scale) during resting and clenching (T1). The patient was instructed to use the device the same way for a total of five more times, at T2 (2hrs), T3 (6hrs), T4 (24hrs), T5 (48hrs), and T6 (72hrs). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, Chi-square test was applied to compare the pain intensity. Results: Among 45 patients (77.8% female and 21.2% male), the mean age of 19.0 ± 4.13 years. The average pain intensity on rest at 0 and 2 hours was 1.33 ± 1.108, which was at peak T3 (6 hours) 1.87 ± 1.546 and T4 (24 hours) 1.71 ± 1.359. However, it significantly decreased at T5 (48 hours) and T6 (72 hours) of intervention, which were 1.38 ± 0.8 and 1.31 ± 1.04, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p

Background Stents utilized for pyloric, duodenal, or anastomotic malignant strictures are generally uncovered and are not retrievable. Taewoong Medical created a through-the-scope stent that is fully covered, retrievable, and can be placed beyond the esophagus for benign gastroduodenal strictures as an alternative to surgical approaches. The aim of this paper is to examine the safety and efficacy of short-term, fully covered, self-expanding metal stents (FC-SEMS) in refractory benign strictures of the pylorus, duodenum, and gastrojejunal anastomosis. Methodology This multicenter case series was conducted at four hospitals from January 2018 through December 2020. Patients presenting with benign strictures of the pylorus, duodenum, or gastrojejunal anastomosis were entered into the study. A therapeutic channel scope was utilized to place FC-SEMS to open strictures. The stents were removed a few weeks later. A four-point gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) was used to record improvement. Results Statistically significant improvement in GOOSS was found between the pre-procedure and the four-week follow-up. Conclusions Fully covered, retrievable metal stents appear safe and effective in the management of refractory benign pyloric, duodenal, and anastomotic strictures. This may provide a less invasive option in the management of these strictures compared to surgery.

The Psychology and Neuroscience Departmental Association (PNDA) advocates on behalf of its members to the Department of Psychology at University of Toronto Scarborough and fosters academic excellence and career growth. PNDA provides academic and professional support by creating opportunities to interact and network with like-minded individuals while serving as a hub for all matters pertaining to the Psychology, Mental Health studies, and Neuroscience programs, thereby connecting members, students, faculty, staff, organizations, institutions, companies, and communities. The Academic Research Panel (ARP) is a two-day event focused on fostering research and student engagement amongst UTSC students specifically in the psychology, neuroscience and mental health studies programs. The ARP was launched this year by PNDA executives to provide a platform for students to network with like-minded individuals and showcase their scientific work. The first day consisted of a professor and alumni panel and the secondary day highlighted research from undergraduate student presenters.

Objectives: Syphilis is a resurging disease which can present itself in many ways, including lesions within the head and neck mucosa. Some of these lesions may clinically mimic oral malignancies. This literature review aims to better characterize the mucosal presentations of syphilis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for full-text, English articles published from 1950 to 2022 that reported patients with head and neck mucosal manifestations of syphilis. Articles were screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: One hundred forty-three manuscripts documenting 236 individual patients were included in the review. Patients with secondary syphilis accounted for 62% of patients presenting with head and neck mucosal lesions. The most common lesions found in primary and secondary syphilis were ulcerations, primarily found on the tongue, lips, and palate. While serologic studies are the gold standard for diagnosing syphilis, biopsy of these lesions have characteristic syphilitic changes. Conclusions: Syphilis’ nickname of “The great imitator” remains to be true, and the head and neck mucosal manifestations of this disease can resemble commonly seen malignancies. Awareness of this disease and its lesions is prudent given the rising incidence of syphilis within the United States.

The real estate sector plays a significant role in the economy of any country. However, many investors make irrational investments in the real estate market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of regret aversion and information cascade on investment decisions while considering the moderating role of financial literacy and the mediating effect of risk perception in the real estate sector of developing countries. This research utilized a quantitative research technique, collecting data by distributing structured questionnaires to real estate investors, followed by convenience sampling. This study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to make the data more meaningful. SPSS 25.0 was utilized to interpret the data. Cronbach's alpha was used to test for internal consistency, while validity was checked through correlation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to confirm that the items on the questionnaire are perfectly loaded on their construct. Furthermore, process macro, model 5, was used to investigate the moderation mediation. This work addresses a gap in the literature by studying financial literacy as a moderator and risk perception as a mediating variable in regret aversion bias and information cascade bias's relationships with investment decisions in the real estate sector. The results confirmed that financial literacy weakens the negative effect of behavioral biases (regret aversion and information cascade) on investment decisions. In addition, risk perception mediates the relationships between these cognitive biases (regret aversion and information cascade) and decision making. The effects of other behavioral biases in real estate and stock market contexts should be examined in future research.

Retraction of " Optimization of Regeneration Protocols of Chilies in Local Cultivars" http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2819 by as the author named himself as the corresponding author and published the article without the consent of his supervisor.

Background: Nissen Fundoplication (NF) and Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) are established procedures for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the surgically induced plication can loosen over time. This multicenter study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Antireflux Mucosectomy (ARMS) and Resection and Plication (RAP) in symptomatic patients with prior NF or TIF that has become loose. Patients and methods: Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Ten had prior TIF, while eight had prior NF. Half of these patients had a Hill Grade 3 Valve while the other half had a Hill Grade 2 valve. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed in six patients, while endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed in twelve patients. A follow-up endoscopy was performed at 4–12 weeks. Results: At follow-up, 11 patients had a Hill Grade 1 valve, and seven patients had a Hill Grade 2 valve. All patients had improvement in symptoms for up to 32 months. Conclusions: In this pilot study, ARMS/RAP appears to be an effective option in patients who had prior NF or TIF with recurrent GERD symptoms.