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Identification of Pneumocysis pneumonia (PCP) after renal transplantation has a great impact on early diagnosis and therapy, which could decrease its mortality. Due to a lack of characteristic clinical symptoms, imaging modalities became very important in the diagnosing PCP. Thirteen PCP patients after renal transplantation were reviewed. They underwent a series of chest radiographs and chest high-resolution CT scans. The common radiological presentations were bilateral diffuse symmetrical ground-glass and consolidation opacities, followed by pneumoceles or air-filled cysts or linear or reticular shadows. Ground-glass attenuations were showed clearly on HRCT in 13 patients, while only 6 on CXR. Pneumoceles or cysts (n = 8) were seen only on HRCT. Air-filled cysts or pneumoceles within bilateral diffuse symmetrical ground-glass and consolidation opacities may be the characteristic of this disease. If combined with clinical data, the diagnosis of PCP could be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]