990 results on '"Main, Katharina M."'
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2. Epidemiology and diagnostic trends of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Denmark: a retrospective, population-based study
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Berglund, Agnethe, Ornstrup, Marie J., Lind-Holst, Marie, Dunø, Morten, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Juul, Anders, Borch, Luise, Jørgensen, Niels, Rasmussen, Åse K., Andersen, Marianne, Main, Katharina M., Hansen, Dorte, and Gravholt, Claus H. more...
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- 2023
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3. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy and testis function of young adult sons
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Henriksen, Louise Scheutz, Frederiksen, Hanne, Jørgensen, Niels, Juul, Anders, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Toppari, Jorma, Petersen, Jørgen Holm, and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2023
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4. Levels of persistent organic pollutants in breast milk samples representing Finnish and Danish boys with and without hypospadias
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Tysman, Marie, Toppari, Jorma, Main, Katharina M., Adamsson, Annika, Wohlfahrt-Veje, Christine, Antignac, Jean-Philippe, Le Bizec, Bruno, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Skakkebæk, Niels E., and Virtanen, Helena E. more...
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- 2023
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5. Gender Incongruence in Danish Youth (GenDa): A Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study of Danish Children and Adolescents Referred to a National Gender Identity Service.
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Ravnborg, Nanna, Aslam, Mohsin, Norup, Pernille Badsberg, Tingsgård, Jonas Vrublovsky, Pagsberg, Anne Katrine, Haahr, Mette Ewers, Main, Katharina M., and Giraldi, Annamaria
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GENDER identity ,DANES ,HORMONE therapy ,HELP-seeking behavior ,HEALTH of transgender people - Abstract
Background/Objectives In recent years, the national Gender Identity Service for individuals under 18 years of age in Denmark has seen a considerable increase in referrals of youngsters during puberty. Given this development, it is important to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of contemporary youngsters seeking help for gender incongruence. This understanding can serve as the foundation for improving current treatment regimens by ensuring optimal individual assessment and care. In this study, we aim to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, health profiles, and treatment trajectories in detail, as well as any changes in these characteristics, of all transgender and gender-diverse youngsters referred to the Gender Identity Service in Denmark from 2016 through 2022. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of a national cohort comprising all individuals under 18 years of age referred to the Danish Gender Identity Service from 1 January 2016 to 1 January 2023. We will use data from medical records obtained at routine visits from the first assessment through repeated visits. Data on demographics, physical and mental health profiles, and information regarding gender identity will be collected and analyzed. The characteristics of those individuals who progressed to hormone therapy will be compared to those who did not. Results: This study aims to enhance our understanding of the characteristics and needs of contemporary youngsters with gender identity issues. Conclusions: The scientific evidence for the assessment and treatment of gender incongruence in youngsters is limited. The characteristics of youngsters seeking healthcare for gender incongruence today may differ from earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Prenatal phthalate exposure and pubertal development in 16-year-old daughters: reproductive hormones and number of ovarian follicles.
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Assens, Maria, Frederiksen, Hanne, Pedersen, Anette Tønnes, Petersen, Jørgen Holm, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Sundberg, Karin, Jensen, Lisa Neerup, Curtin, Paul, Skakkebæk, Niels E, Swan, Shanna H, and Main, Katharina M more...
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SOMATOMEDIN C ,OVARIAN follicle ,GENITALIA ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,MALE reproductive health - Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a possible association between prenatal phthalate exposure and late effects in teenage daughters with respect to reproductive hormone levels, uterine volume, and number of ovarian follicles? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study showed subtle associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations in maternal serum from pregnancy or cord blood and LH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels as well as uterine volume in their daughters 16 years later. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endocrine-disrupting environmental chemicals may adversely affect human reproductive health, and many societies have experienced a trend toward earlier puberty and an increasing prevalence of infertility in young couples. The scientific evidence of adverse effects of foetal exposure to a large range of chemicals, including phthalates, on male reproductive health is growing, but very few studies have explored effects on female reproduction. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This follow-up study included 317 teenage daughters who were part of the Copenhagen Mother–Child Cohort, a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 females born between 1997 and 2002. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 317 female participants (median age 16 years) were examined for weight, height, and menstrual pattern. A serum sample was analysed for concentrations of reproductive hormones, and trans-abdominal 3D ultrasonography was performed to obtain the number of ovarian follicles, ovarian and uterine size. Prenatal maternal serum samples were available for 115 females, and cord blood samples were available for 118 females. These were analysed for concentrations of 32 phthalate metabolites. Weighted quantile sum regression was used for modelling associations of combined prenatal phthalate exposure with the reproductive outcomes in post-menarcheal females. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In bivariate correlation analyses, negative significant associations were found between several prenatal phthalate metabolite concentrations and serum hormone concentrations (testosterone, 17-OH-progesterone, and IGF-1) as well as number of ovarian follicles in puberty. Positive significant correlations were found between prenatal phthalate exposure and FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations. Combined analyses of phthalate exposure (weighted quantile sums) showed significant negative associations with IGF-1 concentration and uterine volume as well as a significant positive association with LH concentration. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Phthalate metabolites were measured in serum from single prenatal maternal blood samples and cord blood samples. Potential concomitant exposure to other endocrine-disrupting environmental chemicals before or after birth was not controlled for. The study population size was limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results support the need for further research into possible adverse effects of environmental chemicals during foetal development of the female reproductive system. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by The Center on Endocrine Disruptors (CeHoS) under The Danish Environmental Protection Agency and The Ministry of Environment and Food (grant number: MST-621-00 065). No conflicts of interest are declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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7. Growth and Adult Height Attainment in Danish Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analog and Sex Hormones.
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Norup, Pernille Badsberg, Haahr, Mette Ewers, Christiansen, Peter, Aksglaede, Lise, Cleemann, Line, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Juul, Anders, and Main, Katharina M
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TRANSGENDER youth ,ORAL drug administration ,GONADOTROPIN releasing hormone ,HORMONE therapy ,PUBERTY blockers ,PUBERTY - Abstract
Background Endogenous sex steroids influence the pubertal growth spurt and adult height. However, the impact of puberty suppression and sex steroids on growth in transgender adolescents is sparsely studied. Aim We investigated pubertal growth, serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and adult height of transgender adolescents receiving hormone therapy. Methods Observational study of a national cohort (2016-2023) comprising 219 transgender adolescents <18 years of age. Treatment consisted of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with estradiol or testosterone (adjusted to serum concentrations between 0 and +2 SDs corresponding to the gender identity). Results Adult height was within ±2 SD for sex assigned at birth. Most trans girls reached adult height within references of girls. For trans girls (bone age ≤15 years before treatment), a growth spurt was observed during estradiol therapy. IGF-I and height SD score (SDS) declined during oral estradiol administration (−0.13 SDS per month, P =.059, and −0.02 SDS, P =.001, respectively). We observed significantly lower adult height compared to target height for trans girls (−2.7 cm, P =.01) and significant differences between height SDS before treatment and at adult height (−0.35 SDS, P <.001). Half of the trans boys remained short (<−2 SD) compared to references for boys, and most completed growth spurt before initiation of treatment. IGFBP-3 declined following testosterone treatment. There was a significant difference between height SDS before treatment and at adult height (−0.17 SDS, P <.001). Discussion and Conclusion The minor reduction in adult height of trans girls after hormone treatment may be beneficial to some, whereas trans boys did not experience height gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Environmental factors in declining human fertility
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Skakkebæk, Niels E., Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune, Levine, Hagai, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Jørgensen, Niels, Main, Katharina M., Lidegaard, Øjvind, Priskorn, Lærke, Holmboe, Stine A., Bräuner, Elvira V., Almstrup, Kristian, Franca, Luiz R., Znaor, Ariana, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Hart, Roger J., and Juul, Anders more...
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- 2022
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9. Brain tumours result in sleep disorders in children and adolescents
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Pickering, Line, Main, Katharina M., Sehested, Astrid, Mathiasen, René, Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla, Klose, Marianne, Kotagal, Suresh, and Jennum, Poul J.
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- 2021
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10. Prenatal paraben exposure and anogenital distance and reproductive hormones during mini-puberty: A study from the Odense Child Cohort
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Jensen, Tina Kold, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Main, Katharina M., Johannsen, Trine Holm, Andersen, Marianne S., Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Juul, Anders, and Frederiksen, Hanne
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- 2021
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11. The influence of prenatal exposure to phthalates on subsequent male growth and body composition in adolescence
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Berman, Ye'elah E., Doherty, Dorota A., Main, Katharina M., Frederiksen, Hanne, Keelan, Jeffrey A., Newnham, John P., and Hart, Roger J.
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- 2021
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12. Does height and IGF-I determine pubertal timing in girls?
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Upners, Emmie N., Busch, Alexander S., Almstrup, Kristian, Petersen, Jørgen H., Assens, Maria, Main, Katharina M., Jensen, Rikke B., and Juul, Anders
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- 2021
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13. A common deletion in the growth hormone receptor gene (d3-GHR) in the offspring is related to maternal placental GH levels during pregnancy
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Jensen, Rikke Beck, Boas, Malene, Nielsen, John E., Maroun, Lisa Leth, Jørgensen, Anne, Larsen, Torben, Main, Katharina M., and Juul, Anders
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- 2020
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14. Use of stored serum in the study of time trends and geographical differences in exposure of pregnant women to phthalates
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Henriksen, Louise S., Mathiesen, Barbara K., Assens, Maria, Krause, Marianna, Skakkebæk, Niels Erik, Juul, Anders, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Hart, Roger J., Newnham, John P., Keelan, Jeffrey A., Pennell, Craig, Main, Katharina M., and Frederiksen, Hanne more...
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- 2020
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15. Enhanced identification of endocrine disruptors through integration of science-based regulatory practices and innovative methodologies: The MERLON Project
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Svingen, Terje, primary, Andersson, Anna-Maria, additional, Angelova, Julianna, additional, Axelstad, Marta, additional, Bakker, Julie, additional, Baumann, Lisa, additional, Beronius, Anna, additional, Bouftas, Nora, additional, Chalmel, Frederic, additional, Christiansen, Sofie, additional, Cornil, Charlotte, additional, Damdimopoulou, Pauliina, additional, Deepika, Deepika, additional, Dollé, Martijn E. T., additional, Draskau, Monica Kam, additional, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, additional, Hagen, Casper P., additional, Hessel, Ellen, additional, Holmer, Marie Louise, additional, Hughes, Samantha, additional, Jensen, Genon, additional, Johansson, Hanna Katarina Lilith, additional, Juul, Anders, additional, Kumar, Vikas, additional, Kumar, Saurav, additional, Lardenois, Aurélie, additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Mazaud-Guittot, Severine, additional, Moe, S. Jannicke, additional, Mola, Gylli, additional, Parent, Anne-Simone, additional, Pineda, Rafael, additional, Rolland, Antoine, additional, Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine, additional, Song, You, additional, Suglia, Antonio, additional, Tena-Sempere, Manuel, additional, Wehrli, Lydia, additional, Zilliacus, Johanna, additional, and van Duursen, Majorie, additional more...
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- 2024
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16. The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals
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Holmboe, Stine A., primary, Beck, Astrid L., additional, Andersson, Anna-Maria, additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Jørgensen, Niels, additional, Skakkebæk, Niels E., additional, and Priskorn, Lærke, additional more...
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- 2024
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17. Anogenital distance in a cohort of 169 infant boys with uni- or bilateral cryptorchidism including 18 boys with vanishing testes
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Cortes, Dina, primary, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, additional, Hildorf, Andrea E, additional, Clasen-Linde, Erik, additional, Hildorf, Simone, additional, Juul, Anders, additional, Main, Katharina M, additional, and Thorup, Jorgen, additional more...
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- 2024
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18. The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals
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Holmboe, Stine A., Beck, Astrid L., Andersson, Anna Maria, Main, Katharina M., Jørgensen, Niels, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Priskorn, Lærke, Holmboe, Stine A., Beck, Astrid L., Andersson, Anna Maria, Main, Katharina M., Jørgensen, Niels, Skakkebæk, Niels E., and Priskorn, Lærke more...
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Congenital cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the condition where one or both testes are not in place in the scrotum at birth and is one of the most common birth defects in boys. Temporal trends and geographic variation in the prevalence of cryptorchidism from 1% to 9% have been reported in prospective cohort studies. The testes develop in the abdominal cavity and descend to the scrotum in two phases, which should be completed by gestational week 35. Thus, the risk of cryptorchidism is higher in preterm boys. In many cases a spontaneous descent occurs during the first months of life during the surge of gonadotropins and testosterone. If not, the testis is usually brought down to the scrotum, typically by surgery, to increase future fertility chances and facilitate cancer surveillance. The increasing frequency of impaired semen quality and testicular cancer, with which cryptorchidism is associated, represents a concern for male reproductive health in general and a need to understand its risk factors. The risk of cryptorchidism is closely related to gestational factors (preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction), and especially maternal smoking seems to be a risk factor. Evidence is accumulating that the increasing prevalence of cryptorchidism is also related to prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine disrupting compounds. This association has been corroborated in rodents and supported by ecological studies. Conducting human studies to assess the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their interactions is, however, challenged by the widespread concomitant exposure of all humans to a wide range of chemicals, the combined effect of which and their interactions are highly complex., Congenital cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the condition where one or both testes are not in place in the scrotum at birth and is one of the most common birth defects in boys. Temporal trends and geographic variation in the prevalence of cryptorchidism from 1% to 9% have been reported in prospective cohort studies. The testes develop in the abdominal cavity and descend to the scrotum in two phases, which should be completed by gestational week 35. Thus, the risk of cryptorchidism is higher in preterm boys. In many cases a spontaneous descent occurs during the first months of life during the surge of gonadotropins and testosterone. If not, the testis is usually brought down to the scrotum, typically by surgery, to increase future fertility chances and facilitate cancer surveillance. The increasing frequency of impaired semen quality and testicular cancer, with which cryptorchidism is associated, represents a concern for male reproductive health in general and a need to understand its risk factors. The risk of cryptorchidism is closely related to gestational factors (preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction), and especially maternal smoking seems to be a risk factor. Evidence is accumulating that the increasing prevalence of cryptorchidism is also related to prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine disrupting compounds. This association has been corroborated in rodents and supported by ecological studies. Conducting human studies to assess the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their interactions is, however, challenged by the widespread concomitant exposure of all humans to a wide range of chemicals, the combined effect of which and their interactions are highly complex. more...
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- 2024
19. Long-term effects of high-dose systemic corticosteroids on growth and bone mineral density in patients treated for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD)
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Ring, Astrid Madsen, Buchvald, Frederik F, Main, Katharina M, Oturai, Peter, Nielsen, Kim G, Ring, Astrid Madsen, Buchvald, Frederik F, Main, Katharina M, Oturai, Peter, and Nielsen, Kim G
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BACKGROUND: Children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. For many chILD conditions, systemic corticosteroids (sCCS) are considered the primary treatment despite a broad spectrum of potential side effects.AIM: We aimed to determine the long-term effects of sCCS treatment on growth, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition after chILD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional single-center study included patients diagnosed with chILD before the age of 18 years treated with sCCS in the period 1998-2020. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurements, bone age determination, and blood tests were performed in 53 (55% males) of 89 eligible patients.RESULTS: Median (range) age was 19.3 (6.4;30.7 years). Participants received a median (range) cumulative sCCS dose of 1144 (135; 6178) mg over a 2.0 (0.1; 13.8) years period and latest dose was administered 11.7 (1.2; 19.6) years before follow-up. Mean delta height (height standard deviation scores [SDS] - target height SDS) was reduced at sCCS treatment initiation (mean: -0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.91; -0.20, p < .005) and at sCCS treatment cessation (mean: -0.86, 95% CI:-1.22; -0.51, p < .001), but normalized in the majority at follow-up (mean: -0.29, 95% CI:-0.61; 0.03, p = .07). Mean (SD) BMD z-score for the spine and whole body was -0.34 (1.06) and 0.52 (1.13), with no significant correlation to sCCS dose. Excess body fat (>30% in females, >25% in males) was found in 58% of patients.CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with sCCS did not cause significant long-term reduction of height but showed subtle effects on fat mass percentage and BMD. Given the severity of chILD, the observed long-term effects of sCCS on growth and BMD appear acceptable. more...
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- 2024
20. Blood pressure and lipid profiles in children born after ART with frozen embryo transfer
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Asserhøj, Louise Laub, Mizrak, Ikram, Lebech Kjaer, Anna Sophie, Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard, Hoffmann, Eva R, Greisen, Gorm, Main, Katharina M, Madsen, Per Lav, Pinborg, Anja, Jensen, Rikke Beck, Asserhøj, Louise Laub, Mizrak, Ikram, Lebech Kjaer, Anna Sophie, Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard, Hoffmann, Eva R, Greisen, Gorm, Main, Katharina M, Madsen, Per Lav, Pinborg, Anja, and Jensen, Rikke Beck more...
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STUDY QUESTION Are blood pressure (BP) and lipid profiles different between children conceived after ART with frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET), and natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Girls conceived after FET had significantly higher systolic BP and heart rate compared with girls born after fresh-ET; boys conceived after FET had a slightly more favourable lipid profile compared with boys born after fresh-ET and NC. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Children conceived after ART with FET are more often born large for gestational age (LGA). LGA in general increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. Studies on mice and humans on the whole ART population have raised concerns about premature vascular ageing and higher BP. The cardiovascular health of children born after FET is scarcely explored and the results are diverging. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was part of the cohort study ‘Health in Childhood following Assisted Reproductive Technology’ (HiCART), which included 606 singletons (292 boys) born between December 2009 and December 2013: 200 children were conceived after FET; 203 children were conceived after fresh-ET; and 203 children were conceived naturally and matched for birth year and sex. The study period lasted from January 2019 to September 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The included children were 7–10 years of age at examination and underwent a clinical examination with anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging, and BP measurement. Additionally, a fasting blood sample was collected and analysed for cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and triglycerides. Systolic and diastolic BP were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) using an appropriate reference and accounting for height (SDS) of the child. The three study groups were compared pairwise using a univariate linea, STUDY QUESTION: Are blood pressure (BP) and lipid profiles different between children conceived after ART with frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET), and natural conception (NC)?SUMMARY ANSWER: Girls conceived after FET had significantly higher systolic BP and heart rate compared with girls born after fresh-ET; boys conceived after FET had a slightly more favourable lipid profile compared with boys born after fresh-ET and NC.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Children conceived after ART with FET are more often born large for gestational age (LGA). LGA in general increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. Studies on mice and humans on the whole ART population have raised concerns about premature vascular ageing and higher BP. The cardiovascular health of children born after FET is scarcely explored and the results are diverging.STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: This study was part of the cohort study 'Health in Childhood following Assisted Reproductive Technology' (HiCART), which included 606 singletons (292 boys) born between December 2009 and December 2013: 200 children were conceived after FET; 203 children were conceived after fresh-ET; and 203 children were conceived naturally and matched for birth year and sex. The study period lasted from January 2019 to September 2021.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS: The included children were 7-10 years of age at examination and underwent a clinical examination with anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging, and BP measurement. Additionally, a fasting blood sample was collected and analysed for cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and triglycerides. Systolic and diastolic BP were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) using an appropriate reference and accounting for height (SDS) of the child. The three study groups were compared pairwise using a univariate linear regression model. Mean dif more...
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- 2024
21. Higher serum concentrations of PFAS among pesticide exposed female greenhouse workers
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Andersen, Helle Raun, Grandjean, Philippe, Main, Katharina M., Jensen, Tina Kold, Nielsen, Flemming, Andersen, Helle Raun, Grandjean, Philippe, Main, Katharina M., Jensen, Tina Kold, and Nielsen, Flemming more...
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Background Long-chained poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in pesticide formulations but their potential impact on human PFAS exposure has not been addressed. Objectives To investigate if occupationally pesticide exposed female greenhouse workers in Denmark had higher serum concentrations of PFAS than a comparable background population. Methods Serum samples collected between 1996 and 2001 from 181 pregnant greenhouse workers and a contemporary urban population of 48 pregnant women were analyzed for eight PFAS: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA). Results The concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and the PFOS precursors N-MeFOSAA, N-EtFOSAA, and FOSA were higher, and PFHxS was lower, among greenhouse workers than the comparison population. After adjusting for age and parity, serum concentrations of N-MeFOSAA, N-EtFOSAA, and FOSA were 2-to-3-fold higher, and the major PFAS in serum, PFOS and PFOA, were 30–50 % higher among the greenhouse workers. Conclusion Higher serum concentrations of some legacy PFAS among female greenhouse workers indicate that exposure to pesticides is a potential pathway of exposure. Although PFAS use in pesticide applications may appear to be a minor source of exposure for the general population, this pathway deserves attention in risk assessment., Background: Long-chained poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in pesticide formulations but their potential impact on human PFAS exposure has not been addressed. Objectives: To investigate if occupationally pesticide exposed female greenhouse workers in Denmark had higher serum concentrations of PFAS than a comparable background population. Methods: Serum samples collected between 1996 and 2001 from 181 pregnant greenhouse workers and a contemporary urban population of 48 pregnant women were analyzed for eight PFAS: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA). Results: The concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and the PFOS precursors N-MeFOSAA, N-EtFOSAA, and FOSA were higher, and PFHxS was lower, among greenhouse workers than the comparison population. After adjusting for age and parity, serum concentrations of N-MeFOSAA, N-EtFOSAA, and FOSA were 2-to-3-fold higher, and the major PFAS in serum, PFOS and PFOA, were 30–50 % higher among the greenhouse workers. Conclusion: Higher serum concentrations of some legacy PFAS among female greenhouse workers indicate that exposure to pesticides is a potential pathway of exposure. Although PFAS use in pesticide applications may appear to be a minor source of exposure for the general population, this pathway deserves attention in risk assessment. more...
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- 2024
22. Anogenital distance in a cohort of 169 infant boys with uni- or bilateral cryptorchidism including 18 boys with vanishing testes
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Cortes, Dina, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, Hildorf, Andrea E., Clasen-Linde, Erik, Hildorf, Simone, Juul, Anders, Main, Katharina M., Thorup, Jorgen, Cortes, Dina, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, Hildorf, Andrea E., Clasen-Linde, Erik, Hildorf, Simone, Juul, Anders, Main, Katharina M., and Thorup, Jorgen more...
- Abstract
STUDY QUESTION: Do different boys with different types of cryptorchidism exhibit different anogenital distances (AGDs)?SUMMARY ANSWER: Length of AGD seemed to differ in different groups of patients with cryptorchidism.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: AGD, which is used as an indicator of prenatal androgen action, tends to be shorter in boys with cryptorchidism compared to unaffected boys. Shorter AGDs have also been reported in boys with hypospadias, in men with poor semen quality, and in men with testicular cancer.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A prospective descriptive cohort study was performed using data from consecutively selected boys with cryptorchidism (n = 169) operated in a single center over a period of 3 years (September 2019 to October 2022).PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: AGD was measured in 169 infant boys, at 3 to 26 months of age, during anesthesia with a vernier caliper measuring the distance from the anus to the base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and from the anus to the anterior base of the penis (AGDAP) in two body positions according to the methods by 'The Infant Development and the Environment Study' (TIDES) and 'Cambridge Baby Growth Study', resulting in four mean values per patient (TIDES AGDAS/AP and Cambridge AGDAS/AP). Normal values for AGD by age were set by our hospital Department of Growth and Reproduction based on a large cohort of healthy infant boys (n = 1940). Testicular biopsies were performed at orchidopexy as a clinical routine. The germ cell number (G/T) and type Ad spermatogonia number (AdS/T) per cross-sectional tubule of at least 100 and 250 tubules, respectively were measured and related to normal samples. Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture for measuring serum LH, FSH, and inhibin B. They were analyzed in our hospital Department of Growth and Reproduction where the normal reference was also established. Correlations between the four mean AGD measurements for each boy were evaluated by Spearma more...
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- 2024
23. Differentiation of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty From Premature Thelarche Using Principal Component Analysis
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Cleemann Wang, Amanda, Hagen, Casper P., Johannsen, Trine Holm, Madsen, Andre Greger, Cleemann, Line Hartvig, Christiansen, Peter, Main, Katharina M., Juul, Anders, Jensen, Rikke Beck, Cleemann Wang, Amanda, Hagen, Casper P., Johannsen, Trine Holm, Madsen, Andre Greger, Cleemann, Line Hartvig, Christiansen, Peter, Main, Katharina M., Juul, Anders, and Jensen, Rikke Beck more...
- Abstract
Context Nonprogressive premature thelarche (PT) is a self-limiting variant of early puberty, while idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is a disorder that causes progressive development of secondary sexual characteristics and often requires treatment. The diagnostic differentiation between these conditions is important but can be challenging since they often both initially present clinically with isolated breast development. Objective To describe relevant clinical variables in a large cohort of girls referred for early puberty, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical parameters to distinguish between girls with ICPP and PT. Methods This retrospective study included 1361 girls referred with signs of early puberty to a single, tertiary center from 2009 to 2019. We evaluated clinical presentation, medical history, growth velocity, bone age, hormonal serum concentrations, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results. Results Central precocious puberty was diagnosed in 11% (ICPP: n = 143, organic CPP: n = 11) girls, whereas 8% (n = 91 girls) presented with PT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed several biochemical and anthropometric markers as potential parameters to differentiate between ICPP and PT; however, none were individually adequate. Principal component analysis (PCA)–derived clinical and hormone profiles could predict girls with ICPP from girls with PT with a specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 84%, outperforming any single marker. Conclusion Differentiation of girls with ICPP and PT can be supported by individual clinical and biochemical parameters. However, dimension reduction of clinical and hormonal profiles by PCA improved the diagnostic value, which in the future may support the diagnostic process as a supplement to the GnRH test in evaluation of pubertal disorders., CONTEXT: Nonprogressive premature thelarche (PT) is a self-limiting variant of early puberty, while idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is a disorder that causes progressive development of secondary sexual characteristics and often requires treatment. The diagnostic differentiation between these conditions is important but can be challenging since they often both initially present clinically with isolated breast development. OBJECTIVE: To describe relevant clinical variables in a large cohort of girls referred for early puberty, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical parameters to distinguish between girls with ICPP and PT. METHODS: This retrospective study included 1361 girls referred with signs of early puberty to a single, tertiary center from 2009 to 2019. We evaluated clinical presentation, medical history, growth velocity, bone age, hormonal serum concentrations, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results. RESULTS: Central precocious puberty was diagnosed in 11% (ICPP: n = 143, organic CPP: n = 11) girls, whereas 8% (n = 91 girls) presented with PT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed several biochemical and anthropometric markers as potential parameters to differentiate between ICPP and PT; however, none were individually adequate. Principal component analysis (PCA)-derived clinical and hormone profiles could predict girls with ICPP from girls with PT with a specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 84%, outperforming any single marker. CONCLUSION: Differentiation of girls with ICPP and PT can be supported by individual clinical and biochemical parameters. However, dimension reduction of clinical and hormonal profiles by PCA improved the diagnostic value, which in the future may support the diagnostic process as a supplement to the GnRH test in evaluation of pubertal disorders. more...
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- 2024
24. Cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in children conceived by assisted reproductive technology with frozen or fresh embryo transfer
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Mizrak, Ikram, Lund, Morten A.V., Landgrebe, Ann V., Asserhøj, Louise L., Holstein-Rathlou, Niels Henrik, Greisen, Gorm, Clausen, Tine D., Main, Katharina M., Vejlstrup, Niels G., Jensen, Rikke B., Pinborg, Anja, Madsen, Per L., Mizrak, Ikram, Lund, Morten A.V., Landgrebe, Ann V., Asserhøj, Louise L., Holstein-Rathlou, Niels Henrik, Greisen, Gorm, Clausen, Tine D., Main, Katharina M., Vejlstrup, Niels G., Jensen, Rikke B., Pinborg, Anja, and Madsen, Per L. more...
- Abstract
As a result of epigenetic changes, children conceived by assisted reproduction may be at risk of premature cardiovascular aging with notably increased blood pressures. Their cardiovascular autonomic nervous function is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in 8–12-yr-old children (51% girls) conceived naturally (n = 33) or by assisted reproduction with frozen (n = 34) or fresh (n = 38) embryo transfer by evaluating heart rate variability, during rest; from provocation maneuvers; and from baroreflex function. Heart rate and blood pressure response to provocation maneuvers and baroreflex function were comparable between children conceived naturally or by assisted reproduction. The mean RR-interval and high-frequency component of heart rate variability were lower in children conceived by assisted reproduction than in children conceived naturally. Children conceived by fresh embryo transfer had ∼17% lower heart rate-corrected standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals; ∼22% lower heart rate-corrected square root of the mean of the squared difference between successive R-R intervals; and ∼37% higher low-frequency/high-frequency ratio than naturally conceived children. Children conceived by assisted reproduction still had lower heart rate variability and vagal modulation than naturally conceived children after adjustment for confounders. Thus, these results raise the possibility of sympathetic predominance in children conceived by assisted reproduction. Therefore, it is important to reproduce these results in larger and older cohorts as sympathetic predominance relates with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases., As a result of epigenetic changes, children conceived by assisted reproduction may be at risk of premature cardiovascular aging with notably increased blood pressures. Their cardiovascular autonomic nervous function is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in 8-12-yr-old children (51% girls) conceived naturally (n = 33) or by assisted reproduction with frozen (n = 34) or fresh (n = 38) embryo transfer by evaluating heart rate variability, during rest; from provocation maneuvers; and from baroreflex function. Heart rate and blood pressure response to provocation maneuvers and baroreflex function were comparable between children conceived naturally or by assisted reproduction. The mean RR-interval and high-frequency component of heart rate variability were lower in children conceived by assisted reproduction than in children conceived naturally. Children conceived by fresh embryo transfer had ∼17% lower heart rate-corrected standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals; ∼22% lower heart rate-corrected square root of the mean of the squared difference between successive R-R intervals; and ∼37% higher low-frequency/high-frequency ratio than naturally conceived children. Children conceived by assisted reproduction still had lower heart rate variability and vagal modulation than naturally conceived children after adjustment for confounders. Thus, these results raise the possibility of sympathetic predominance in children conceived by assisted reproduction. Therefore, it is important to reproduce these results in larger and older cohorts as sympathetic predominance relates with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed that children conceived by assisted reproductive technology (both frozen and fresh embryo transfer) had lowered heart rate variability during rest as compared with children conceived naturally. During physiological stress maneuvers, however, the cardiovascular autonomi more...
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- 2024
25. Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and body fat evaluated by DXA and MRI in 109 adolescent boys
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Thomsen, Mathilde Lolk, Henriksen, Louise Scheutz, Tinggaard, Jeanette, Nielsen, Flemming, Jensen, Tina Kold, and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2021
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26. Central Precocious Puberty in two Boys with Prader-Willi Syndrome on Growth Hormone Treatment
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Monai, Elena, Johansen, Anders, Clasen-Linde, Erik, Meyts, Ewa Rajpert-De, Skakkebæk, Niels Erik, Main, Katharina M., Jørgensen, Anne, and Jensen, Rikke Beck
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- 2019
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27. Associations between male reproductive health and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals
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Rodprasert, Wiwat, Main, Katharina M., Toppari, Jorma, and Virtanen, Helena E.
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- 2019
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28. Variations in repeated serum concentrations of UV filters, phthalates, phenols and parabens during pregnancy
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Assens, Maria, Frederiksen, Hanne, Petersen, Jørgen Holm, Larsen, Torben, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Juul, Anders, Andersson, Anna-Maria, and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2019
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29. Long‐term effects of high‐dose systemic corticosteroids on growth and bone mineral density in patients treated for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD)
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Ring, Astrid Madsen, primary, Buchvald, Frederik F., additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Oturai, Peter, additional, and Nielsen, Kim G., additional
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- 2024
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30. Insights into the Psychiatric Morbidity Spectrum in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia:A Nationwide Register-Based Population Study of Hospital Diagnoses and Prescribed Medication
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Lind-Holst, Marie, primary, Hansen, Dorte, additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Juul, Anders, additional, Andersen, Marianne S, additional, Dunøe, Morten, additional, Rasmussen, Åse Krogh, additional, Jørgensen, Niels, additional, Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg, additional, and Berglund, Agnethe, additional more...
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- 2024
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31. Higher serum concentrations of PFAS among pesticide exposed female greenhouse workers
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Andersen, Helle Raun, primary, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Jensen, Tina Kold, additional, and Nielsen, Flemming, additional
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- 2024
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32. Cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in children conceived by assisted reproductive technology with frozen or fresh embryo transfer
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Mizrak, Ikram, primary, Lund, Morten A. V., additional, Landgrebe, Ann V., additional, Asserhøj, Louise L., additional, Holstein-Rathlou, Niels-Henrik, additional, Greisen, Gorm, additional, Clausen, Tine D., additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Vejlstrup, Niels G., additional, Jensen, Rikke B., additional, Pinborg, Anja, additional, and Madsen, Per L., additional more...
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- 2023
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33. Adrenal Suppression in Infants Treated with Topical Ocular Glucocorticoids
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Bangsgaard, Regitze, Main, Katharina M., Boberg-Ans, Gøril, la Cour, Morten, Forman, Julie Lyng, Haargaard, Birgitte, and Kiilgaard, Jens Folke
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- 2018
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34. Prenatal pesticide exposure associated with glycated haemoglobin and markers of metabolic dysfunction in adolescents
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Andersen, Helle Raun, Tinggaard, Jeanette, Grandjean, Philippe, Jensen, Tina K., Dalgård, Christine, and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2018
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35. A complex phenotype in a family with a pathogenic SOX3 missense variant
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Jelsig, Anne M., Diness, Birgitte R., Kreiborg, Sven, Main, Katharina M., Larsen, Vibeke A., and Hove, Hanne
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- 2018
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36. Cryptorchidism and Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
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Damgaard, Ida N., Jensen, Tina K., Petersen, Jørgen H., Skakkebæk, Niels E., Toppari, Jorma, and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2007
37. Persistent Pesticides in Human Breast Milk and Cryptorchidism
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Damgaard, Ida N., Skakkebæk, Niels E., Toppari, Jorma, Virtanen, Helena E., Shen, Heqing, Schramm, Karl-Werner, Petersen, Jørgen H., Jensen, Tina K., and Main, Katharina M.
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- 2006
38. Human Breast Milk Contamination with Phthalates and Alterations of Endogenous Reproductive Hormones in Infants Three Months of Age
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Main, Katharina M., Mortensen, Gerda K., Kaleva, Marko M., Boisen, Kirsten A., Damgaard, Ida N., Chellakooty, Marla, Schmidt, Ida M., Suomi, Anne-Maarit, Virtanen, Helena E., Petersen, Jørgen H., Andersson, Anna-Maria, Toppari, Jorma, and Skakkebæk, Niels E. more...
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- 2006
39. Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure
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Swan, Shanna H., Main, Katharina M., Liu, Fan, Stewart, Sara L., Kruse, Robin L., Calafat, Antonia M., Mao, Catherine S., Redmon, J. Bruce, Ternand, Christine L., Sullivan, Shannon, and Teague, J. Lynn more...
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- 2005
40. Sex‐independent timing of the onset of central puberty revealed by nocturnal luteinizing hormone concentrations
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Demir, And, primary, Hero, Matti, additional, Juul, Anders, additional, and Main, Katharina M., additional
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- 2023
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41. Differentiation of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty from Premature Thelarche using Principal Component Analysis
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Cleemann Wang, Amanda, primary, Hagen, Casper P, additional, Johannsen, Trine Holm, additional, Madsen, Andre Greger, additional, Hartvig Cleemann, Line, additional, Christiansen, Peter, additional, Main, Katharina M, additional, Juul, Anders, additional, and Beck Jensen, Rikke, additional more...
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- 2023
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42. Differentiation of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty From Premature Thelarche Using Principal Component Analysis.
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Wang, Amanda Cleemann, Hagen, Casper P, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Madsen, Andre Greger, Cleemann, Line Hartvig, Christiansen, Peter, Main, Katharina M, Juul, Anders, and Jensen, Rikke Beck
- Subjects
PRECOCIOUS puberty ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves - Abstract
Context Nonprogressive premature thelarche (PT) is a self-limiting variant of early puberty, while idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is a disorder that causes progressive development of secondary sexual characteristics and often requires treatment. The diagnostic differentiation between these conditions is important but can be challenging since they often both initially present clinically with isolated breast development. Objective To describe relevant clinical variables in a large cohort of girls referred for early puberty, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical parameters to distinguish between girls with ICPP and PT. Methods This retrospective study included 1361 girls referred with signs of early puberty to a single, tertiary center from 2009 to 2019. We evaluated clinical presentation, medical history, growth velocity, bone age, hormonal serum concentrations, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results. Results Central precocious puberty was diagnosed in 11% (ICPP: n = 143, organic CPP: n = 11) girls, whereas 8% (n = 91 girls) presented with PT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed several biochemical and anthropometric markers as potential parameters to differentiate between ICPP and PT; however, none were individually adequate. Principal component analysis (PCA)–derived clinical and hormone profiles could predict girls with ICPP from girls with PT with a specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 84%, outperforming any single marker. Conclusion Differentiation of girls with ICPP and PT can be supported by individual clinical and biochemical parameters. However, dimension reduction of clinical and hormonal profiles by PCA improved the diagnostic value, which in the future may support the diagnostic process as a supplement to the GnRH test in evaluation of pubertal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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43. Anogenital distance as a phenotypic signature through infancy
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Priskorn, Lærke, Petersen, Jørgen H, Jørgensen, Niels, Kyhl, Henriette B, Andersen, Marianne S, Main, Katharina M, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Skakkebaek, Niels E, and Jensen, Tina K
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- 2018
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44. Long‐term opioid treatment and endocrine measures in chronic non‐cancer pain patients
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Diasso, Pernille D. K., primary, Abou‐Kassem, Dalia, additional, Nielsen, Susanne D., additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Sjøgren, Per, additional, and Kurita, Geana P., additional
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- 2023
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45. Serum Insulin-like Factor 3, Testosterone, and LH in Experimental and Therapeutic Testicular Suppression
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Albrethsen, Jakob, primary, Østergren, Peter Busch, additional, Norup, Pernille Badsberg, additional, Sønksen, Jens, additional, Fode, Mikkel, additional, Kistorp, Caroline, additional, Nordsborg, Nikolai B, additional, Solheim, Sara Amalie, additional, Mørkeberg, Jakob, additional, Main, Katharina M, additional, and Juul, Anders, additional more...
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- 2023
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46. Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals With Male Reproductive Health
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Virtanen, Helena E., primary, Main, Katharina M., additional, and Toppari, Jorma, additional
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- 2019
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47. Sex-independent timing of the onset of central puberty revealed by nocturnal luteinizing hormone concentrations
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Demir, And, Hero, Matti, Juul, Anders, Main, Katharina M., Demir, And, Hero, Matti, Juul, Anders, and Main, Katharina M.
- Abstract
Objective We designed a longitudinal study to investigate the association between the ages of central pubertal activation and the appearance of clinical signs of puberty and determined total luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity in daytime- and nocturnal sleeptime-excreted urine samples. Patients and Measurements Thirty healthy volunteers (17 boys and 13 girls, aged 3.4–15.2 years and 4.3–14.3 years, respectively, at the beginning of the study) were included. Male and female subjects were followed for an average of 15 visits during 5.5 and 5.8 years on average, respectively. At each visit, subjects provided 24-h urine samples divided into nocturnal sleeptime and waketime portions according to the participant's sleep-and-wake rhythm. Total urinary LH (U-LH) concentrations were measured in duplicate by Delfia® IFMA (Wallac), which has been designed specifically to detect intact LH as well as the beta subunit and its core fragment, but not the human chorionic gonadotropin. Results The initial increases in nocturnal sleeptime total U-LH concentrations over the cutoff value of 0.7 IU/L occurred at around the same time (around 9–10 years of age) in both sexes, which could not be detected in waketime urine samples. The mean first age for the nocturnal sleeptime total U-LH concentrations to reach or surpass the cutoff was 10.7 years (range: 10.2–11.6 years) in boys and 11.8 years (range: 10.7–13.4 years) in girls, showing no statistically significant difference between the sexes (p = .15). The mean time span from the age at which sleeptime total U-LH concentration first exceeded the 0.7 IU/L level to observing pubertal stage 2 was 1.5 years in boys and 0.1 years in girls. Conclusions Findings in our population with a limited sample size suggest that the timing of central pubertal activation is a sex-independent phenomenon, which can be observed by monitoring the nocturnal sleeptime total LH concentrations in urine. The lag time, Objective: We designed a longitudinal study to investigate the association between the ages of central pubertal activation and the appearance of clinical signs of puberty and determined total luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity in daytime- and nocturnal sleeptime-excreted urine samples. Patients and Measurements: Thirty healthy volunteers (17 boys and 13 girls, aged 3.4–15.2 years and 4.3–14.3 years, respectively, at the beginning of the study) were included. Male and female subjects were followed for an average of 15 visits during 5.5 and 5.8 years on average, respectively. At each visit, subjects provided 24-h urine samples divided into nocturnal sleeptime and waketime portions according to the participant's sleep-and-wake rhythm. Total urinary LH (U-LH) concentrations were measured in duplicate by Delfia® IFMA (Wallac), which has been designed specifically to detect intact LH as well as the beta subunit and its core fragment, but not the human chorionic gonadotropin. Results: The initial increases in nocturnal sleeptime total U-LH concentrations over the cutoff value of 0.7 IU/L occurred at around the same time (around 9–10 years of age) in both sexes, which could not be detected in waketime urine samples. The mean first age for the nocturnal sleeptime total U-LH concentrations to reach or surpass the cutoff was 10.7 years (range: 10.2–11.6 years) in boys and 11.8 years (range: 10.7–13.4 years) in girls, showing no statistically significant difference between the sexes (p =.15). The mean time span from the age at which sleeptime total U-LH concentration first exceeded the 0.7 IU/L level to observing pubertal stage 2 was 1.5 years in boys and 0.1 years in girls. Conclusions: Findings in our population with a limited sample size suggest that the timing of central pubertal activation is a sex-independent phenomenon, which can be observed by monitoring the nocturnal sleeptime total LH concentrations in urine. The lag time from central pubertal activation of more...
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- 2023
48. Long-term opioid treatment and endocrine measures in chronic non-cancer pain patients
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Diasso, Pernille D.K., Abou-Kassem, Dalia, Nielsen, Susanne D., Main, Katharina M., Sjøgren, Per, Kurita, Geana P., Diasso, Pernille D.K., Abou-Kassem, Dalia, Nielsen, Susanne D., Main, Katharina M., Sjøgren, Per, and Kurita, Geana P. more...
- Abstract
Background The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased dramatically the past decades, which combined with indiscriminate use of prescribed opioids has become a public health problem. Endocrine dysfunction may be a complication of long-term opioid treatment (L-TOT), but the evidence is limited. This study aimed at investigating the associations between L-TOT and endocrine measures in CNCP patients. Methods Cortisol (spot and after stimulation), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxin (T4), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin (PRL), 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (fT) were measured. Group comparisons were done between CNCP patients in L-TOT and controls as well as between patients on high- or low-dose morphine equivalents. Results Eighty-two CNCP patients (38 in L-TOT and 44 controls not receiving opioids) were included. Low TT (p = 0.004) and fT concentrations (p < 0.001), high SHBG (p = 0.042), low DEAS (p = 0.017) and low IGF-1 (p = 0.003) in men were found when comparing those in L-TOT to controls and high PRL (p = 0.018), low IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) (p = 0.006) along with a lesser, but normal cortisol response to stimulation (p = 0.016; p = 0.012) were found when comparing L-TOT to controls. Finally, a correlation between low IGF-1 levels and high opioid dose was observed (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study not only supports previous findings but even more interestingly disclosed new associations. We recommend future studies to investigate endocrine effects of opioids in larger, longitudinal studies. In the meanwhile, we recommend monitoring endocrine function in CNCP patients when prescribing L-TOT. Significance This clinical study found associations between L-TOT, androgens, growth hormone and prolactin in patients with CNCP compared to controls., Background: The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased dramatically the past decades, which combined with indiscriminate use of prescribed opioids has become a public health problem. Endocrine dysfunction may be a complication of long-term opioid treatment (L-TOT), but the evidence is limited. This study aimed at investigating the associations between L-TOT and endocrine measures in CNCP patients. Methods: Cortisol (spot and after stimulation), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxin (T4), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin (PRL), 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (fT) were measured. Group comparisons were done between CNCP patients in L-TOT and controls as well as between patients on high- or low-dose morphine equivalents. Results: Eighty-two CNCP patients (38 in L-TOT and 44 controls not receiving opioids) were included. Low TT (p = 0.004) and fT concentrations (p < 0.001), high SHBG (p = 0.042), low DEAS (p = 0.017) and low IGF-1 (p = 0.003) in men were found when comparing those in L-TOT to controls and high PRL (p = 0.018), low IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) (p = 0.006) along with a lesser, but normal cortisol response to stimulation (p = 0.016; p = 0.012) were found when comparing L-TOT to controls. Finally, a correlation between low IGF-1 levels and high opioid dose was observed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study not only supports previous findings but even more interestingly disclosed new associations. We recommend future studies to investigate endocrine effects of opioids in larger, longitudinal studies. In the meanwhile, we recommend monitoring endocrine function in CNCP patients when prescribing L-TOT. Significance: This clinical study found associations between L-TOT, androgens, growth hormone and prolactin in patients with CNCP compared to controls. The results support previous studies as well as more...
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- 2023
49. Serum LH/FSH ratios in 87 infants with differences of sex development
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Ljubicic, Marie Lindhardt, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, Upners, Emmie N., Busch, Alexander S., Main, Katharina M., Andersson, Anna Maria, Hagen, Casper P., Juul, Anders, Ljubicic, Marie Lindhardt, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Fischer, Margit Bistrup, Upners, Emmie N., Busch, Alexander S., Main, Katharina M., Andersson, Anna Maria, Hagen, Casper P., and Juul, Anders more...
- Abstract
The ratio between luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has previously been described as an excellent marker of sex in healthy infants. However, LH/FSH remains not fully described in patients with differences of sex development (DSD). The aim was therefore to describe LH/FSH in infants with DSD. This was a retrospective study of DSD patients, all aged 0–1.2 years. In total, 87 infants with DSD and at least one serum sample per infant were included. Longitudinal samples from single patients were included whenever possible. Serum LH/FSH ratios in these patients were plotted against recently published age-related and sex-dimorphic cutoffs. Overall, LH/FSH sometimes corresponded to assigned sex without any obvious pattern in terms of diagnoses. LH/FSH corresponded to the biological sex in all patients with Turner or Klinefelter syndrome. In patients with 46,XX or 46,XY DSD (except congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)), the ratios did not correspond to the assigned sex in all cases and were interchangeably within the male and female range. In patients with CAH, the ratio corresponded to biological sex (based on sex chromosomes) in some cases but also ranged across the cutoffs. In the 15 patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, the LH/FSH ratios corresponded to the assigned sex in all cases (12 were raised as males, 3 as females) and at all time points in cases with multiple sampling. While this study describes LH/FSH in infants with DSD, the exact clinical role of the ratio in the management of these patients remains to be further elucidated., The ratio between luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has previously been described as an excellent marker of sex in healthy infants. However, LH/ FSH remains not fully described in patients with differences of sex development (DSD). The aim was therefore to describe LH/FSH in infants with DSD. This was a retrospective study of DSD patients, all aged 0–1.2 years. In total, 87 infants with DSD and at least one serum sample per infant were included. Longitudinal samples from single patients were included whenever possible. Serum LH/FSH ratios in these patients were plotted against recently published age-related and sex-dimorphic cutoffs. Overall, LH/FSH sometimes corresponded to assigned sex without any obvious pattern in terms of diagnoses. LH/FSH corresponded to the biological sex in all patients with Turner or Klinefelter syndrome. In patients with 46,XX or 46,XY DSD (except congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)), the ratios did not correspond to the assigned sex in all cases and were interchangeably within the male and female range. In patients with CAH, the ratio corresponded to biological sex (based on sex chromosomes) in some cases but also ranged across the cutoffs. In the 15 patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, the LH/FSH ratios corresponded to the assigned sex in all cases (12 were raised as males, 3 as females) and at all time points in cases with multiple sampling. While this study describes LH/FSH in infants with DSD, the exact clinical role of the ratio in the management of these patients remains to be further elucidated. more...
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- 2023
50. Reproductive hormones, bone mineral content, body composition, and testosterone therapy in boys and adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome
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Krabbe, Hans Valdemar López, Petersen, Jørgen Holm, Asserhøj, Louise Laub, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Christiansen, Peter, Jensen, Rikke Beck, Cleemann, Line Hartvig, Hagen, Casper P., Priskorn, Lærke, Jørgensen, Niels, Main, Katharina M., Juul, Anders, Aksglaede, Lise, Krabbe, Hans Valdemar López, Petersen, Jørgen Holm, Asserhøj, Louise Laub, Johannsen, Trine Holm, Christiansen, Peter, Jensen, Rikke Beck, Cleemann, Line Hartvig, Hagen, Casper P., Priskorn, Lærke, Jørgensen, Niels, Main, Katharina M., Juul, Anders, and Aksglaede, Lise more...
- Abstract
Adult patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are characterized by a highly variable phenotype, including tall stature, obesity, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, as well as an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. Most adults need testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), whereas the use of TRT during puberty has been debated. In this retrospective, observational study, reproductive hormones and whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral content were standardized to age-related standard deviation scores in 62 patients with KS aged 5.9–20.6 years. Serum concentrations of total testosterone and inhibin B were low, whereas luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were high in patients before TRT. Despite normal body mass index, body fat percentage and the ratio between android fat percentage and gynoid fat percentage were significantly higher in the entire group irrespective of treatment status. In patients evaluated before and during TRT, a tendency toward a more beneficial body composition with a significant reduction in the ratio between android fat percentage and gynoid fat percentage during TRT was found. Bone mineral content (BMC) did not differ from the reference, but BMC corrected for bone area was significantly lower when compared to the reference. This study confirms that patients with KS have an unfavorable body composition and an impaired bone mineral status already during childhood and adolescence. Systematic studies are needed to evaluate whether TRT during puberty will improve these parameters. Keywords: Klinefelter syndrome; body composition; truncal obesity; bone mineral content, Adult patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are characterized by a highly variable phenotype, including tall stature, obesity, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, as well as an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. Most adults need testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), whereas the use of TRT during puberty has been debated. In this retrospective, observational study, reproductive hormones and whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral content were standardized to age-related standard deviation scores in 62 patients with KS aged 5.9–20.6 years. Serum concentrations of total testosterone and inhibin B were low, whereas luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were high in patients before TRT. Despite normal body mass index, body fat percentage and the ratio between android fat percentage and gynoid fat percentage were significantly higher in the entire group irrespective of treatment status. In patients evaluated before and during TRT, a tendency toward a more beneficial body composition with a significant reduction in the ratio between android fat percentage and gynoid fat percentage during TRT was found. Bone mineral content (BMC) did not differ from the reference, but BMC corrected for bone area was significantly lower when compared to the reference. This study confirms that patients with KS have an unfavorable body composition and an impaired bone mineral status already during childhood and adolescence. Systematic studies are needed to evaluate whether TRT during puberty will improve these parameters. more...
- Published
- 2023
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