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Despite extensive scholarly inquiry into destructive leadership, research on leaders' self‐serving and exploitative behaviour is in its initial stages. This multi‐study investigation contributes to this body of literature. Study 1 was conducted to test the serial mediation of state suspicion (SS) and supervisor‐based cynicism between exploitative leadership and employee procrastination. It involved collecting single‐source time‐lagged data from textile industry employees in Pakistan. Study 2 replicated the findings of study 1 in the information technology (IT) industry by using multi‐source time‐lagged data. It extended the suggested model by proposing negative workplace gossip about supervisors as an outcome of exploitative leadership and employee procrastination. The results of study 1 (N = 279) and study 2 (N = 244) supported the serial mediation of SS and supervisor‐based cynicism between exploitative leadership and employee outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotic resistance has now a days become one of the greatest threats to global health and development. Antibiotic resistance can occur naturally but antibiotic misuse further accelerates the process. Since general public can play a pivotal role in checking inappropriate use of antibiotics, hence it is important to work on their awareness levels. Aim: to assess the awareness regarding antimicrobial usage and its resistance among general Kashmiri population. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College Srinagar from 1st October 2022 to 1st January 2023.A questionnaire based on previous studies was framed and circulated through whats app. 273 responses were obtained. Responses were compiled using Microsoft Excel Sheet and then analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 software. Demographic characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were measured as percentages. Results: In this study (261) 96% participants were of the opinion that antibiotics are used to treat infections. (243) 89% were aware that antibiotics act against bacteria. (147) 53% believed that anti-microbial agents should be brought after proper medical consultation. (267) 98% had idea that antibiotics can cause side effects. (141) 52% left their antibiotics midway during the course and among them (105) 68% believed that symptomatic improvement was the main reason behind it. (258) 96% knew that effectiveness of antibiotics is reduced if antibiotics are left midway. (249) 89% had an idea about antibiotic resistance and the same percentage considered self-medication as its main contributor. Only (90) 32% participants had heard about antibiotic stewardship program. Conclusion: This study showed that a lot of difference exists between knowledge and actual practice. Although the study population was aware about proper antibiotic usage, but in reality they did not practice it. Intensive awareness campaigns regarding proper antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance should be carried out focusing health care professionals as well common public, so that misuse of antibiotics can be prevented. Further there should be a strict check on availability of antibiotics as over the counter drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current medical education system is based on knowledge acquisition, but a successful health professional should not only be knowledgeable but at the same time skillful. Students have very good theory knowledge but they are incapable of applying this knowledge practically in the right direction. MCI (Medical council of India) conducted a review of the existing curriculum for medical undergraduates and introduced CBME (competency based medical education). In spite of putting tremendous efforts, there are some factors responsible for poor student participation and attendance. The aim of this work was to assess the student's perspective regarding CBME and its various components. Material and Methods: Total number of 180 students were included in the study. A questionnaire analyzing the knowledge, perception and attitude of students towards CBME was prepared. The questionnaire was handed over to the students, who filled the questionnaire themselves and appropriate responses were then analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Most students agreed that change in traditional system of medical education is a must (75%). The must needed changes incorporated in the old curriculum have many advantages and are an improvement on the older version of 1997.The ultimate recipients of CBME are the students going to be future doctors, so understanding their perception regarding this paramount change is very necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite promoting positive employee outcomes, servant leaders may become the victim of manipulation by followers. The current study investigates this underexplored side of servant leadership by examining the employee-related outcomes of the interaction between servant leadership and follower Machiavellianism through mediating mechanism of exploitative manipulative behavior. It is argued that employees high in Machiavellianism engage in exploitative manipulative behavior to achieve subjective career success and social power while working with a servant leader. We used PROCESS macro to analyze our mediation and moderated mediation hypotheses, respectively. We collected data in a time-lagged design (three-time lags) from 320 dyads (self and peer) responses from service sector organizations. The results fully supported our hypotheses. Limitations and future research directions are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study expands the literature on bullying by unveiling why and when bullying might produce positive outcomes. Employing the cognitive appraisal theory of stress and coping, we hypothesize eustress as an important mechanism through which bullying might enhance the victim's job performance, career success, and creativity. Moreover, we hypothesized psychological capital as a moderator in the workplace bullying‐eustress relationship. We collected temporally segregated field data at three time intervals with a time lag of 2–3 weeks from matched data of employees and their fellow peers (n = 321) belonging to the service sector of Pakistan. Utilizing PROCESS macro, the results substantiated our hypothesized moderated mediation model, in that workplace bullying led to higher performance, career success and employee creativity through the mechanism of eustress and this indirect effect was stronger for individuals who possessed higher psychological capital. Our study opens up a new avenue in the workplace bullying literature by emphasizing the different side of bullying in an eastern cultural context. Key points Employee perception plays a key role in understanding workplace bullying and its outcomes.Workplace bullying, if perceived as a challenge, can result in positive outcomes.Stress is not always negative. In fact, eustress can be beneficial for the employees.Workplace bullying increases eustress which results in increased job performance, employee creativity, and career success.Employees with high psychological capital show eustress as a result of workplace bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repeated measurements in quantum mechanics can freeze (the quantum Zeno effect) or enhance (the quantum anti-Zeno effect) the time-evolution of a quantum system. In this paper, we present a general treatment of the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects for arbitrary driven open quantum systems, assuming only that the system–environment coupling is weak. In particular, we obtain a general expression for the effective decay rate of a two-level system subjected to arbitrary driving fields as well as periodic measurements. We demonstrate that the driving fields change the decay rate, and hence the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno behavior, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We also extend our results to systems consisting of more than one two-level system, as well as a two-level system strongly coupled to an environment of harmonic oscillators, to further illustrate the non-trivial effect of the driving fields on the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study tested the (a) impact of exploitative leadership on psychological distress of nurses via negative affectivity and (b) moderating role of psychological detachment from work between exploitative leadership and negative affectivity. Background: Destructive leadership, particularly exploitative leadership, has been less studied earlier in nursing research. Additionally, underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that exist between exploitative leadership and negative employee outcomes were also missing in the nursing literature. Methods: This is a quantitative study in which temporally segregated data were collected from nurses (N = 231) working in Pakistani hospitals through questionnaires. Results: Negative affectivity mediates the relationship between exploitative leadership and psychological distress among nurses, and psychological detachment from work weakens exploitative leadership and negative affectivity relationship. Conclusions: Exploitative leadership yields negative employee outcomes in the form of negative affectivity and psychological distress; however, these negative outcomes can be reduced through psychological detachment from work. Implications for Nursing Management: It is among the pioneer studies to unveil the exploitative side of leadership and its negative consequences for nurses. Psychological distress among nurses can be reduced by discouraging leader exploitative behaviour. Nurses could utilize psychological detachment from work as a tool to reduce negative outcomes of leader exploitative behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the effect of the magnetic field on plasma parameters and the surface structuring of the Cu alloy after fs laser irradiation. A Ti:Sapphire (800 nm, 35 fs, 1 KHz) laser is employed at various irradiances (0.011–0.117 PW/cm2) to generate plasma. A Transvers Magnetic Field (TMF) of strength 1.1 T is employed for plasma confinement. All the measurements were performed with and without TMF. The Cu plasma parameters, i.e., excitation temperature (Texc) and electron number sensity (ne), determined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis, are higher in the presence of TMF. This magnetic field confinement of Cu plasma was studied analytically by evaluating thermal beta (βt), directional beta (βd), confinement radius (Rb), and diffusion time (td). To correlate Cu-alloy plasma parameters with surface modifications, field emission scanning electron microscope analysis is performed. It reveals the formation of low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) and high-spatial-frequency LIPSSs, along with agglomers and nano-rims formation. Distinct and well-defined structures are observed in the presence of a magnetic field. It is concluded that controlled surface structuring can be achieved through magnetic confinement, which enhances key plasma parameters. The technique has the potential for enhancing the fabrication of nano-gratings and field emitters, where spatial uniformity is critically important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]