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1. Plasma screening in mid-charged ions observed by K-shell line emission

Author

Šmıd, M., Humphries, O., Baehtz, C., Brambrink, E., Burian, T., Cho, M. S., Cowan, T. E., Gaus, L., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Konopkova, Z., Le, H. P., Makita, M., Pan, X., Preston, T., Schropp, A., Scott, H. A., Štefanıková, R., Vorberger, J., Wang, W., Zastrau, U., and Falk, K.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Dense plasma environment affects the electronic structure of ions via variations of the microscopic electrical fields, also known as plasma screening. This effect can be either estimated by simplified analytical models, or by computationally expensive and to date unverified numerical calculations. We have experimentally quantified plasma screening from the energy shifts of the bound-bound transitions in matter driven by the x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). This was enabled by identification of detailed electronic configurations of the observed K{\alpha}, K\b{eta} and K{\gamma} lines. This work paves the way for improving plasma screening models including connected effects like ionization potential depression and continuum lowering, which will advance the understanding of atomic physics in Warm Dense Matter regime.

Published
2024

2. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author

Hartley, N. J., Grenzer, J., Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A., Sagae, D., Schuster, A. K., Tono, K., Voigt, K., Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., and Kraus, D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) XFEL facility, using a high intensity ($\sim\!10^{20}\,$W/cm$^2$) X-ray pump X-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced by X-ray heating of the electrons. By avoiding Laue spots in the scattering signal from a single crystalline sample, we observe a rapid rise in diffuse scattering, which we attribute to a loss of lattice order and a transition to a liquid state within 100 fs of irradiation, a timescale which agrees well with first principles simulations, but is faster than that predicted by purely inertial behavior. This method is capable of observing liquid scattering without masking or filtering of signal from the ambient solid, allowing the liquid structure to be measured throughout and beyond the phase change., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Updated title and abstract

Published
2020
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3. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X‐ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author

Liermann, HP, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, RJ, McHardy, JD, McMahon, MI, McWilliams, RS, Pépin, CM, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, OB, Baron, MA, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, AL, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, LE, Eggert, JH, Ehm, L, Evans, WJ, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, AF, Hwang, H, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J-Y, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, McBride, EE, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, EF, Otzen, C, Pace, EJ, Pelka, A, Pigott, JS, Prakapenka, VB, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, BT, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C-S, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, and Strohm, C

Subjects
diamond anvil cells, X-ray free-electron lasers, high-precision X-ray diffraction, finite element modeling, Condensed Matter Physics, Optical Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Biophysics
Abstract

The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump-probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.

Published
2021

4. Femtosecond phase-transition in hard x-ray excited bismuth

Author

Makita, M., Vartiainen, I., Mohacs, I., Caleman, C., Diaz, A., Jönsson, H. O., Juranić, P., Medvedev, N., Meents, A., Mozzanica, A., Opara, N., Padeste, C., Panneels, V., Saxena, V., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Vera, L., Willmott, P. R., Beaud, P., Milne, C. J., Ziaja-Motyka, B., and David, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The evolution of the bismuth crystal structure upon excitation of its A$_{1g}$ phonon has been intensely studied with short pulse optical lasers. Here we present the first-time observation of a hard x-ray induced ultrafast phase transition in a bismuth single crystal, at high intensities (~$10^{14}$ W/cm$^2$). The lattice evolution was followed using a recently demonstrated x-ray single-shot probing setup. The time evolution of the (111) Bragg peak intensity showed strong dependence on the excitation fluence. After exposure to a sufficiently intense x-ray pulse, the peak intensity dropped to zero within 300fs, i.e. faster than one oscillation period of the A1g mode at room temperature. Our analysis indicates a nonthermal origin of a lattice disordering process, and excludes interpretations based on electron-ion equilibration process, or on thermodynamic heating process leading to a plasma formation., Comment: Main text 10 pages, 3 figures. Appendix 3 pages, 2 figures

Published
2018

6. Transport of laser accelerated proton beams and isochoric heating of matter

Author

Roth, M., Alber, I., Bagnoud, V., Brown, C., Clarke, R., Daido, H., Fernandez, J., Flippo, K., Gaillard, S., Gauthier, C., Glenzer, S., Gregori, G., Günther, M., Harres, K., Heathcote, R., Kritcher, A., Kugland, N., LePape, S., Li, B., Makita, M., Mithen, J., Niemann, C., Nürnberg, F., Offermann, D., Otten, A., Pelka, A., Riley, D., Schaumann, G., Schollmeier, M., Schütrumpf, J., Tampo, M., Tauschwitz, A., Tauschwitz, A. N., Roth, M., Alber, I., Bagnoud, V., Brown, C., Clarke, R., Daido, H., Fernandez, J., Flippo, K., Gaillard, S., Gauthier, C., Glenzer, S., Gregori, G., Günther, M., Harres, K., Heathcote, R., Kritcher, A., Kugland, N., LePape, S., Li, B., Makita, M., Mithen, J., Niemann, C., Nürnberg, F., Offermann, D., Otten, A., Pelka, A., Riley, D., Schaumann, G., Schollmeier, M., Schütrumpf, J., Tampo, M., Tauschwitz, A., and Tauschwitz, A. N.

Abstract

The acceleration of intense proton and ion beams by ultra-intense lasers has matured to a point where applications in basic research and technology are being developed. Crucial for harvesting the unmatched beam parameters driven by the relativistic electron sheath is the precise control of the beam. We report on recent experiments using the PHELIX laser at GSI, the VULCAN laser at RAL and the TRIDENT laser at LANL to control and use laser accelerated proton beams for applications in high energy density research. We demonstrate efficient collimation of the proton beam using high field pulsed solenoid magnets, a prerequisite to capture and transport the beam for applications. Furthermore we report on two campaigns to use intense, short proton bunches to isochorically heat solid targets up to the warm dense matter state. The temporal profile of the proton beam allows for rapid heating of the target, much faster than the hydrodynamic response time thereby creating a strongly coupled plasma at solid density. The target parameters are then probed by X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) to reveal the density and temperature of the heated volume. This combination of two powerful techniques developed during the past few years allows for the generation and investigation of macroscopic samples of matter in states present in giant planets or the interior of the earth.

Published
2024

7. Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Author

(0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L., (0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., and (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L.

Abstract

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL) aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating. In the experiment, we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model. We find that most emitted ions are thermal, but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface, such as protons, are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons. The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures. We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

Published
2024

8. Fast electron propagation in Ti foils irradiated with sub-picosecond laser pulses at $I\lambda^{2} > 10^{18}$ Wcm$^{-2} \mu m^{2}$

Author

Makita, M, Nersisyan, G, McKeever, K, Dzelzainis, T, White, S, Kettle, B, Dromey, B, Doria, D, Zepf, M, Lewis, CLS, Riley, D, Hansen, S. B., and Robinson, A. P. L.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We have studied the propagation of fast electrons through laser irradiated Ti foils by monitoring the emission of hard X-rays and K-{\alpha} radiation from bare foils and foils backed by a thick epoxy layer. Key observations include strong refluxing of electrons and divergence of the electron beam in the foil with evidence of magnetic field collimation. Our diagnostics have allowed us to estimate the fast electron temperature and fraction of laser energy converted to fast electrons. We have observed clear differences between the fast electron temperatures observed with bare and epoxy backed targets which may be due to the effects of refluxing.

Published
2014
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9. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C-H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., Kraus D., Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., and Kraus D.

Abstract

The insulator-metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon-hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C-H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

11. Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL

Author

Ball, O. B., primary, Prescher, C., additional, Appel, K., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Baron, M. A., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Chariton, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Damker, H., additional, Dattelbaum, D., additional, Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ehm, L., additional, Evans, W. J., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Frost, M., additional, Glazyrin, K., additional, Goncharov, A. F., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Jaisle, N., additional, Jenei, Zs., additional, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H. P., additional, Mainberger, J., additional, Makita, M., additional, Marquardt, H., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, McMahon, M. I., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, O’Bannon, E. F., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Pace, E. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pépin, C. M., additional, Pigott, J. S., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Prakapenka, V. B., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Speziale, S., additional, Spiekermann, G., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Sturtevant, B. T., additional, Talkovski, P., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, and Konôpková, Z., additional

Published
2023
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12. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

Ranjan, D., primary, Ramakrishna, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Heuser, B., additional, Stevenson, M. G., additional, Lütgert, J., additional, He, Z., additional, Qu, C., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, May, P. T., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Göde, S., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hau-Riege, S. P., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2023
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14. Femtosecond phase-transition in hard x-ray excited bismuth

Author

Makita, M., Vartiainen, I., Mohacsi, I., Caleman, C., Diaz, A., Jönsson, H. O., Juranić, P., Medvedev, N., Meents, A., Mozzanica, A., Opara, N. L., Padeste, C., Panneels, V., Saxena, V., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Vera, L., Willmott, P. R., Beaud, P., Milne, C. J., Ziaja-Motyka, B., and David, C.

Published
2019
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15. Ion emission from plasmas produced by femtosecond pulses of short-wavelength free-electron laser radiation focused on massive targets: an overview and comparison with long-wavelength laser ablation

Author

Krása, J, Nassisi, V, Burian, T, Hájková, V, Chalupský, J, Jelinek, S, Frantálová, K, Krupka, M, Kuglerová, Z, Singh, SK, Vozda, V, Vyšín, L, Wild, J, Šmíd, M, Perez-Martin, P, Pan, X, Kühlman, M, Pintor, J, Cikhardt, J, Dreimann, M, Eckermann, D, Rosenthal, F, Vinko, SM, Forte, A, Gawne, T, Campbell, T, Ren, S, Shi, Y, Hutchinson, T, Humphries, O, Preston, T, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Köhler, A, Harmand, M, Toleikis, S, Falk, K, and Juha, L

Abstract

We report on ion emission from plasma produced on thick targets irradiated with nanosecond and femtosecond pulses delivered by mid-ultraviolet and soft x-ray lasers, respectively. To distinguish between different ion acceleration mechanisms, the maximum kinetic energy of ions produced under different interaction conditions is plotted versus laser fluence. The transformation of the time-of-flight detector signal into ion charge density distance-of-flight spectra makes it possible to determine the mean kinetic energy of the fastest ion groups based on the influence of the acoustic velocity of ion expansion. This allows obtaining additional characteristics of the ion production. The final energy of the group of fast ions determined using the ion sound velocity model is an order of magnitude larger in the fs-XFEL interaction than in the ns-UV one. On the contrary, the ablation yield of ions in our experiment is seven orders of magnitude greater when applying ns-UV laser pulses, not only due to higher energies of UV laser pulses, but also due to a significant difference in interaction and ion formation mechanisms.

Published
2023

16. Corrigendum to ultrafast anisotropic disordering in graphite driven by intense hard X-ray pulses

Author

Hartley, N.J., primary, Grenzer, J., additional, Lu, W., additional, Huang, L.G., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Kon, A., additional, Lipp, V., additional, Makita, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Medvedev, N., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pikuz, T., additional, Rode, A.V., additional, Sagae, D., additional, Schuster, A.K., additional, Tono, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2023
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17. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

(0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

The insulator–metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon–hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C–H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

18. Data publication: Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Author

(0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L., (0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., and (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L.

Abstract

Data set on the ion emission of different materials. Each dataset is separate and titled with the chemical symbol or abbreviation of the specific material.

Published
2023

19. Direct LiF imaging diagnostics on refractive X-ray focusing at the EuXFEL High Energy Density instrument

Author

Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, Pikuz, Sergey, Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, and Pikuz, Sergey

Abstract

The application of fluorescent crystal media in wide-range X-ray detectors provides an opportunity to directly image the spatial distribution of ultra-intense X-ray beams including investigation of the focal spot of free-electron lasers. Here the capabilities of the micro- and nano-focusing X-ray refractive optics available at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL are reported, as measured in situ by means of a LiF fluorescent detector placed into and around the beam caustic. The intensity distribution of the beam focused down to several hundred nanometers was imaged at 9 keV photon energy. A deviation from the parabolic surface in a stack of nanofocusing Be compound refractive lenses (CRLs) was found to affect the resulting intensity distribution within the beam. Comparison of experimental patterns in the far field with patterns calculated for different CRL lens imperfections allowed the overall inhomogeneity in the CRL stack to be estimated. The precise determination of the focal spot size and shape on a sub-micrometer level is essential for a number of high energy density studies requiring either a pin-size backlighting spot or extreme intensities for X-ray heating.

Published
2023

20. Spiral Shocks in an Inviscid Simulation of Accretion Flow in a Close Binary System

Author

Makita, M., Fujiwara, H., Matsuda, T., Boffin, H.M.J., Beig, R., editor, Ehlers, J., editor, Frisch, U., editor, Hepp, K., editor, Hillebrandt, W., editor, Imboden, D., editor, Jaffe, R. L., editor, Kippenhahn, R., editor, Lipowsky, R., editor, Löhneysen, H. v., editor, Ojima, I., editor, Weidenmüller, H. A., editor, Wess, J., editor, Zittartz, J., editor, Boffin, Henri M.J., editor, Cuypers, Jan, editor, and Steeghs, Danny, editor

Published
2001
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21. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

22. Combined Phase Contrast Imaging and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Diagnostic of Relativistic Plasmas at the High Energy Density Instrument at European XFEL

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

The High Energy Density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL provides a platform to study hot and warm dense matter. The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HiBEF) is a User Consortium supplying HED with two laser systems (the high-intensity ReLaX laser, by Amplitude Technologies, and the high-energy Dipole-100X laser, by STFC), Diamond Anvil Cells setup and high-pulsed magnetic fields. These tools in combination with the XFEL beam enable the investigation of relativistic laser plasmas, strong-field QED phenomena, high-pressure astro- and planetary physics as well as magnetic phenomena in condensed matter. The successful commissioning of the ultra-short pulse high-intensity ReLaX laser, provides new unique opportunities in the plasma and high-field physics fields [1]. ReLaX is a double CPA Ti:Sa laser capable of delivering up to 300 TW pulses on target. In the first commissioning phase, 100 TW pulses were used, reaching intensities up to 1020 W/cm2. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) without the need of a beamstop was first commissioned at HED in September 2019. Two highly annealed pyrolytic graphite (HAPG) crystals were used to reflect the SAXS photons onto a detector while allowing the main XFEL beam to go through [2]. In April and May 2021, Small Angle X-Ray Scattering and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) were simultaneously demonstrated in pump-probe experiments at HED in a community experiment involving 15 institutions from all over the world. In this talk we will present the preliminary results of this community experiment probing ultrafast phenomena in a wide array of target configurations: hole boring in wires, shockwave generation in CH blocks, buried heating of a wire inside a CH medium, foam ionization and collective effects in heated foils. [1] A. Laso Garcia, H. Hoeppner, A. Pelka et al., “ReLaX: the HiBEF high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser-matter interaction and strong-field science at the HED instrument at Eu

Published
2022

23. Erratum: Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 , 015703 (2021)]

Author

Hartley, N. J., primary, Grenzer, J., additional, Huang, L., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Kon, A., additional, Lu, W., additional, Makita, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pikuz, T., additional, Rode, A., additional, Sagae, D., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Tono, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2022
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24. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., Gaus, L., Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., Cowan, T., White, T. G., Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Subjects
XFEL, PCI, SAXS, Laser-plasma, HiBEF
Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

27. Demonstration of an x-ray Raman spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the high energy density instrument of European XFEL

Author

Voigt, K., primary, Zhang, M., additional, Ramakrishna, K., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Falk, K., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Göde, S., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hau-Riege, S. P., additional, Huang, L. G., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Lokamani, M., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2021
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28. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author

Liermann, H. P., Konôpková, Z., Appel, K., Prescher, C., Schropp, A., Cerantola, V., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., McMahon, M. I., McWilliams, R. S., Pépin, C. M., Mainberger, J., Roeper, M., Berghäuser, A., Damker, H., Talkovski, P., Foese, M., Kujala, N., Ball, O. B., Baron, M. A., Briggs, R., Bykov, M., Bykova, E., Chantel, J., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dattelbaum, D., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., Glazyrin, K., Goncharov, A. F., Hwang, H., Jenei, Z., Kim, J.-Y., Langenhorst, F., Lee, Y., Makita, M., Marquardt, H., McBride, E. E., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Obannon, E. F., Otzen, C., Pace, E. J., Pelka, A., Pigott, J. S., Prakapenka, V. B., Redmer, R., Sanchez-Valle, C., Schölmerich, M., Speziale, S., Spiekermann, G., Sturtevant, B. T., Toleikis, S., Velisavljevic, N., Wilke, M., Yoo, C.-S., Baehtz, C., Zastrau, U., Strohm, C., Liermann, H. P., Konôpková, Z., Appel, K., Prescher, C., Schropp, A., Cerantola, V., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., McMahon, M. I., McWilliams, R. S., Pépin, C. M., Mainberger, J., Roeper, M., Berghäuser, A., Damker, H., Talkovski, P., Foese, M., Kujala, N., Ball, O. B., Baron, M. A., Briggs, R., Bykov, M., Bykova, E., Chantel, J., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dattelbaum, D., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., Glazyrin, K., Goncharov, A. F., Hwang, H., Jenei, Z., Kim, J.-Y., Langenhorst, F., Lee, Y., Makita, M., Marquardt, H., McBride, E. E., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Obannon, E. F., Otzen, C., Pace, E. J., Pelka, A., Pigott, J. S., Prakapenka, V. B., Redmer, R., Sanchez-Valle, C., Schölmerich, M., Speziale, S., Spiekermann, G., Sturtevant, B. T., Toleikis, S., Velisavljevic, N., Wilke, M., Yoo, C.-S., Baehtz, C., Zastrau, U., and Strohm, C.

Abstract

The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.

Published
2021

29. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., Tschentscher, T., Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., and Tschentscher, T.

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

30. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author

(0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Grenzer, J., Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A. V., Sagae, D., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Tono, K., Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Grenzer, J., Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A. V., Sagae, D., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Tono, K., Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser facility, where we used a high intensity (∼10^20 W/cm2) x-ray pump x-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced by x-ray heating of the electrons. By avoiding Laue spots in the scattering signal from a single crystalline sample, we observe a rapid rise in diffuse scattering and a transition to a disordered, liquidlike state with a structure significantly different from liquid silicon. The disordering occurs within 100 fs of irradiation, a timescale that agrees well with first principles simulations, and is faster than that predicted by purely inertial behavior, suggesting that both the phase change and disordered state reached are dominated by Coulomb forces. This method is capable of observing liquid scattering without masking signal from the ambient solid, allowing the liquid structure to be measured throughout and beyond the phase change.

Published
2021

31. Demonstration of an X-ray Raman Spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the High Energy Density Instrument of European XFEL

Author

Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating X-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the High Energy Density scientific instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump-probe experiments with high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several di erent diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars and other celestial bodies.

Published
2021

32. ReLaX: the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser–matter interaction and strong-field science using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., Bähtz, C., Brambrink, E., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Liu, J., Makita, M., Möller, D., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., Priebe, G., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Talposi, A.-M., Toncian, M., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., Bähtz, C., Brambrink, E., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Liu, J., Makita, M., Möller, D., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., Priebe, G., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Talposi, A.-M., Toncian, M., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T.

Abstract

High-energy and high-intensity lasers are essential for pushing the boundaries of science. Their development has allowed leaps forward in basic research areas, including laser–plasma interaction, high-energy density science, metrology, biology and medical technology. The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields user consortium contributes and operates two high-peak-power optical lasers using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser (EuXFEL) facility. These lasers will be used to generate transient extreme states of density and temperature to be probed by the X-ray beam. This paper introduces the ReLaX laser, a short-pulse high-intensity Ti:Sa laser system, and discusses its characteristics as available for user experiments. It will also present the first experimental commissioning results validating its successful integration into the EuXFEL infrastructure and viability as a relativistic-intensity laser driver.

Published
2021

33. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author

Liermann, H, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, R, Mchardy, J, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Pépin, C, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Hwang, H, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, B, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, Strohm, C, Liermann, H P, Husband, R J, McHardy, J D, McMahon, M I, McWilliams, R S, Pépin, C M, Ball, O B, Baron, M A, Coleman, A L, Dresselhaus-Marais, L E, Eggert, J H, Evans, W J, Goncharov, A F, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J Y, McBride, E E, O'Bannon, E F, Pace, E J, Pigott, J S, Prakapenka, V B, Sturtevant, B T, Yoo, C S, Liermann, H, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, R, Mchardy, J, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Pépin, C, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Hwang, H, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, B, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, Strohm, C, Liermann, H P, Husband, R J, McHardy, J D, McMahon, M I, McWilliams, R S, Pépin, C M, Ball, O B, Baron, M A, Coleman, A L, Dresselhaus-Marais, L E, Eggert, J H, Evans, W J, Goncharov, A F, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J Y, McBride, E E, O'Bannon, E F, Pace, E J, Pigott, J S, Prakapenka, V B, Sturtevant, B T, and Yoo, C S

Abstract

The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump-probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.

Published
2021

34. Demonstration of an x-ray Raman spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the high energy density instrument of European XFEL

Author

Voigt, K, Zhang, M, Ramakrishna, K, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Döppner, T, Falcone, R, Falk, K, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, G??de, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Huang, L, Humphries, O, Lokamani, M, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Prescher, C, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Vorberger, J, Zastrau, U, Preston, T, Kraus, D, K. Voigt, M. Zhang, K. Ramakrishna, A. Amouretti, K. Appel, E. Brambrink, V. Cerantola, D. Chekrygina, T. Döppner, R. W. Falcone, K. Falk, L. B. Fletcher, D. O. Gericke, S. G??de, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, S. P. Hau-Riege, L. G. Huang, O. S. Humphries, M. Lokamani, M. Makita, A. Pelka, C. Prescher, A. K. Schuster, M. Šmíd, T. Toncian, J. Vorberger, U. Zastrau, T. R. Preston, D. Kraus, Voigt, K, Zhang, M, Ramakrishna, K, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Döppner, T, Falcone, R, Falk, K, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, G??de, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Huang, L, Humphries, O, Lokamani, M, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Prescher, C, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Vorberger, J, Zastrau, U, Preston, T, Kraus, D, K. Voigt, M. Zhang, K. Ramakrishna, A. Amouretti, K. Appel, E. Brambrink, V. Cerantola, D. Chekrygina, T. Döppner, R. W. Falcone, K. Falk, L. B. Fletcher, D. O. Gericke, S. G??de, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, S. P. Hau-Riege, L. G. Huang, O. S. Humphries, M. Lokamani, M. Makita, A. Pelka, C. Prescher, A. K. Schuster, M. Šmíd, T. Toncian, J. Vorberger, U. Zastrau, T. R. Preston, and D. Kraus

Abstract

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating x-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the high energy density scientific instrument of the European x-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump-probe experiments with a high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several different diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars, and other celestial bodies.

Published
2021

35. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, and Tschentscher, Thomas

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

38. Mirror to measure Small Angle X-ray Scattering signal in high energy density experiments

Author

(0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Bähtz, C., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Preston, T., Rödel, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Bähtz, C., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Preston, T., Rödel, M., and (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T.

Abstract

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well established technique to detect nanometer scale structure in matter. In typical setup, this diagnostics has an detector directly opened towards the scattering target. However, in a harsh environment of high intensity laser interaction, many high energetic particles and strong radiation are emerging from the laser target interaction. Such setup would therefore suffer a significant increase of noise due to this background which could eventually disable this measurement. In this paper, we present a novel tool consisting of mosaic graphite crystal which works as a mirror for the SAXS signal and allows to hide the detector behind proper shielding. This paper studies the performance of such mirror both by experiment at the European XFEL laboratory and by simulations.

Published
2020

39. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author

Hartley, N. J., primary, Grenzer, J., additional, Huang, L., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Kon, A., additional, Lu, W., additional, Makita, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pikuz, T., additional, Rode, A. V., additional, Sagae, D., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Tono, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2021
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40. ReLaX: the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser–matter interaction and strong-field science using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Author

Laso Garcia, A., primary, Höppner, H., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Bähtz, C., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Dreyer, J., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hassan, M., additional, Kluge, T., additional, Liu, J., additional, Makita, M., additional, Möller, D., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Priebe, G., additional, Schlenvoigt, H.-P., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Talposi, A.-M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Schramm, U., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, and Toncian, T., additional

Published
2021
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42. Design and performance characterisation of the HAPG von Hámos Spectrometer at the High Energy Density Instrument of the European XFEL

Author

Preston, T.R., primary, Göde, S., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Höppner, H., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Sukharnikov, K., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Thorpe, I., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Falcone, R.W., additional, Falk, K., additional, Fletcher, L.B., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N.J., additional, Hau-Riege, S.P., additional, Heimann, P., additional, Huang, L.G., additional, Humphries, O.S., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Lee, H.J., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Ren, S., additional, Schuster, A.K., additional, Smid, M., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Zhang, M., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional

Published
2020
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49. Characterization of Malassezia spp. isolated from the external ear canal of dogs and cats and evaluation of virulence factors

Author

Makita, M?rio Tatsuo, Baroni, Francisco de Assis, Ramadinha, Regina Helena Ruckert, and Costa, Gisela Lara da

Subjects
malasseziose, infec??o f?ngica, fungal infection, diagn?stico microbiol?gico, malasseziosis, microbiological diagnosis, Medicina Veterin?ria
Abstract

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2021-10-21T01:27:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - M?rio Tatsuo Makita.pdf: 2187775 bytes, checksum: 7b8cf85e0d95bbcd22202fe1bb5710ed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-21T01:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - M?rio Tatsuo Makita.pdf: 2187775 bytes, checksum: 7b8cf85e0d95bbcd22202fe1bb5710ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-25 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The genus Malassezia currently comprises 18 species of lipophilic and lipiddependent yeasts. Although regarded as a normal part of the skin microbiota of warmblooded vertebrates, including humans, these may also become opportunistic agents in dermatitis and otitis. Fungal otitis in dogs has traditionally been associated with M. pachydermatis, even though lipid-dependent species are commonly found frequently resulting in misdiagnosis. In the veterinary clinical routine, microscopy of otological samples is used as an auxiliary tool towards the implementation of adequate drug therapies. The aim of this work was the isolation of Malassezia spp. from otitis samples from dogs and cats, their respective identification to species level, observe the presence of Malassezia in pure and/or co-infections, in vitro assessment of the main virulence factors being produced, which are inherent to the genus pathogenicity and the establishment of a correlation between the detected virulence factors and the nature of the infection. A total of 170 samples from the external ear canal of 94 dogs and 11 cats with clinical otitis were sent to the Laborat?rio de Leveduras Patog?nicas e Ambientais - UFRRJ, where they were inoculated in Modified Dixon Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose 2% Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. Classical methods allowed for the phenotypic identification, as recommended by Kurtzman et al. (2011) further corroborated through proteomic analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and biochemical analysis by VITEK? 2. For virulence analysis, protease, phospholipase, lipase, esterase and hemolysin production were tested. Of the 105 animals, 63% (66) individuals were positive for Malassezia spp., as one lipid dependent, and 37% (39) were negative for the genus. The positive and negative predictive values of the direct exam were 75.58% and 67.19%, respectively. The sensitivity of the isolation test was 75.58% and the specificity 67.19%. There was no significant difference between yeast recovery in Sabouraud Dextrose 2% Agar and Modified Dixon Agar. The identification by mass spectrophotometry had an 82% accuracy in the identification of the isolates and remaining isolates did not reach the identification score, whereas VITEK? 2 misidentified all the samples. For the enzymatic tests, 100% (96) of the samples were positive for the production of proteases and lipases. Only one sample did not produce neither phospholipase nor esterase. 89% (86) samples were hemolysin producers. It was possible to conclude that the use of Modified Dixon Agar is important in the laboratory routine for microbiological diagnosis of canine and feline otitis, extending the range of Malassezia species diagnosed. Direct microscopic examination proved to be a good indicator of the presence of yeast, but not enlightening regarding its involvement in the infection. In addition, these yeasts have high enzymatic activity in vitro which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of microbial otitis, even when the yeast is not the main pathological agent, as in co-infection otitis, even with low isolation counts. O g?nero Malassezia compreende 18 esp?cies de leveduras lipof?licas e lipodependentes, componentes naturais da microbiota da pele dos animais endot?rmicos, incluindo humanos, e conhecido agente oportunista em dermatites e otites. A maior parte da casu?stica de otite f?ngica em c?es ? atribu?da a M. pachydermatis, mas esp?cies lipodependentes tamb?m podem ser agentes desta afec??o, sendo poss?vel a ocorr?ncia de subdiagn?sticos. Na rotina cl?nica veterin?ria, ? comum o uso do exame direto de amostras otol?gicas como ferramenta auxiliar para direcionar uma melhor conduta terap?utica. Tendo os pontos mencionados em vista, o trabalho objetiva realizar isolamento de Malassezia spp. a partir de amostras de cer?men de c?es e gatos com otite, identificando-as a n?vel de esp?cie, observar a presen?a da Malassezia em infec??es otol?gicas mistas ou puras, verificar in vitro a produ??o dos principais fatores de virul?ncia inerentes ? patogenicidade e correlacionar esses resultados com a natureza da infec??o. Foram utilizadas 170 amostras oriundas dos condutos auditivos externos de 94 c?es e 11 gatos com otite cl?nica, encaminhadas ao Laborat?rio de Leveduras Patog?nicas e Ambientais da UFRRJ, onde foram semeadas nos meios Agar Dixon Modificado e Agar Sabouraud Dextrose 2% com Cloranfenicol. Foram realizados testes cl?ssicos para identifica??o fenot?pica, como preconizado por Kurtzman et al. (2011), an?lise prote?mica por MALDI-TOF MS e bioqu?mico por VITEK? 2 para confirma??o da identifica??o. Para an?lise da virul?ncia foram testadas as produ??es de proteases, fosfolipase, lipases, esterases e hemolisina. Dos 105 animais, 63% (66) animais possuiam Malassezia spp. nas suas amostras, sendo uma delas lipodependente, e 37% (39) n?o tinham a levedura. O valor preditivo positivo e negativo do exame direto foi de 75,58 e 67,19%, respectivamente. A sensibilidade do exame em rela??o ao isolamento foi de 75,58% e 67,19% de especificidade. N?o houve diferen?a significativa entre a recupera??o das leveduras no diagn?stico em Agar Sabouraud Dextrose 2% e Agar Dixon Modificado. Na identifica??o por espectrofotometria de massa obteve-se 82% de acur?cia na identifica??o dos isolados, n?o havendo scores m?nimos de identifica??o para as restantes. O VITEK? 2, identificou erroneamente as amostras analis?das. Para os testes enzim?ticos, 100% (96) das amostras foram positivas para a produ??o de proteases e lipases. Apenas uma amostra n?o foi produtora de fosfolipase e esterase. 89% (86) das amostras foram positivas para a produ??o de hemolisina. Percebe-se que a utiliza??o do Agar Dixon Modificado ? importante na rotina laboratorial de diagn?stico microbiol?gico de otites canina e felina, para ampliar a gama de esp?cies de Malassezia diagnosticadas. O exame direto, realizado no laborat?rio, mostrou ser um bom indicador para a presen?a da levedura, mas n?o necessariamente para indicar seu envolvimento na infec??o. Conclui-se que n?o h? diferen?a entre o uso de ASD e ADM no diagn?stico laboratorial da Malassezia. Al?m disso, essas leveduras possuem alta atividade enzim?tica in vitro, possivelmente integrando a patog?nese da otite microbiana, mesmo quando n?o aparentam ser o principal agente envolvido, como nos casos de otites mistas, incluindo os casos comb baixas contagens no isolamento.

Published
2019

50. The consequences of Facebook Intrusion for personal well-being: the mediation role of distress and social functioning

Author

Błachnio, Agata, Przepiórka, Aneta, Gorbaniuk, Oleg, Ivanova, Ana, Angeluci, Alan, Abreu, Ana Maria, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, Brkljacic, Tihana, Bendayan, Rebecca, Blanca, Maria, Babić, Nenad Čuš, Benvenuti, Martina, Pantić, Igor, Rando, Belen, D'Souza, Lancy, Makita, M., Malik, Sadia, Mazzoni, Elvis, Milanovic, Anica, Musil, Bojan, Seidman, Gwendolyn, Vanden Abeele, Mariek, Wu, Anise M. S., and Yu, Shu

Subjects
education, Facebook Intrusion, Well-being, Distress
Abstract

Facebook Intrusion is positively related to distress and negatively with satisfaction with relation. The relation between Facebook Intrusion and flourishing was fully mediated by satisfaction with relation and distress. Moreover, age and sex moderated this mediation. In persons under 20 years of age, Facebook intrusion does not affect satisfaction with relation, but the negative relationship between these variables increased with age. Gender was the moderator of the relationship (a) between satisfaction with relation and flourishing, and (b) between distress and flourishing, namely in men the influence of Facebook intrusion on flourishing was stronger through satisfaction with relation than in women, while in women this influence is stronger through distress than in men.

Published
2019

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