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Critically ill patients often suffer from a complex and severe immunological dysfunction. The differentiation and function of human immune cells are fundamentally controlled through metabolic processes. New concepts of immunonutrition therefore try to use enteral and parenteral nutrition to positively impact on the immune function of intensive care unit patients. This review article concisely presents the currently available evidence on the commonly used isolated supplements (anti-oxidative substances, amino acids, essential fatty acids) and difficulties related to their clinical use. The second part presents new and more comprehensive concepts of immunonutrition to influence the intestinal microbiome and to modulate the macronutrient composition. Immunonutrition of critically ill patients bears enormous potential and could become a valuable clinical tool for modulation of the immunometabolism of intensive care unit patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The characteristics of rootstock have impacts scion's nutritional status, resistance to environmental stresses and adaptation to a specific region. Thus the performance of a cultivar is largely dependent on the rootstock-scion interactions. In this study, seasonal variations in mineral nutrients of 'Nova' and 'Robinson' mandarin cultivars budded on different citrus rootstocks were investigated under Dörtyol-Hatay (Turkey) ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of the leaves exhibited slightly similar trends with each other. In general, these nutrients decreased from January to March-April and increased in the subsequent growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased again until December. Similar trends were also observed in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of leaves. Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations decreased from January to March, then increased during fruit development until July-August and decreased again during autumn and winter. Also, micro elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) increased from January to May–June and then gradually decreases began during the growing season until December. Throughout the entire growing season, mean macro nutrients such as N, K and Ca concentrations ranged from 1.89% ('Nova'/Carrizo citrange) to 2.02% ('Robinson'/Carrizo citrange), from 1.10% ('Robinson'/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% ('Nova'/Carrizo citrange) and from 2.62% ('Nova' /sour orange) to 3.48% ('Robinson'/Troyer citrange), respectively. Phosphorus and Mg concentrations showed slightly similar trends and varied between 0.14–0.16% and between 0.31–0.39%, respectively. The ranges of mean micro nutrients such as Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations were between 65.3 and 75.4 mg kg−1, 33.7 and 39.6 mg kg−1, 64.1 and 70.6 mg kg−1, and 10.5 and 11.4 mg kg−1, respectively. It can be concluded that rootstock-scion relations can cause considerable differences in seasonal nutrition of mandarin cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird über den Verlauf des pH-Wertes und der Gehalte an pflanzenverfügbaren Makro- und Mikronährstoffen im Boden von fünf Düngungsvarianten des Ewigen Roggenbaues in Halle/Saale seit 1926 berichtet. Der pH-Wert nahm im Versuchsverlauf bei allen Prüfvarianten ab. Der Basensättigungsgrad steht in enger Beziehung zum pH-Wert. Vorgenommene Kalkungen erhöhten den pH-Wert vorübergehend bzw. bremsten die Abnahme. Der niedrigste pH-Wert stellte sich nach ausschließlich mineralischer N-Düngung und der höchste nach PK-Düngung ein. Bei den pflanzenverfügbaren P-, K- und Mg-Gehalten kam es in den letzten Jahrzehnten in allen Düngungsvarianten zu einer Abnahme, mit Ausnahme des K-Gehaltes nach Stallmistdüngung. Bei Düngung von Mineralstoffen, einschließlich Stallmist, sind die P- und K-Gehalte und der pH-Wert bis in den Unterboden erhöht. Bei den Mikronährstoffen ist es durch die regelmäßige Stallmistdüngung zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Mn-, Fe- und Si-Gehalte gekommen.

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Parodontologie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis (Berlin, Germany) is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rootstocks-scion relations have critical consequences about nutritional status, tree vigour, resistance to pest and pathogens, yield and yield quality. In this study, we therefore investigated seasonal variations of leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in Satsuma mandarin’s cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ budded on different citrus rootstocks under Dörtyol-Hatay, Turkey ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and K (potassium) concentrations of the leaves showed slightly similar trend each other, in general these nutrients reduced from January to March–April, and increased during the growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased until December. Despite rootstocks did not significantly affect the leaf N, P and K concentrations rootstock-scion relation was pre-eminent and nutrient dependent. Most conspicuous scion dependent changes were recorded for K concentration whereas P concentration was little influenced. In terms of scion-rootstock combination, the range of N and K concentrations were 2.11% (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) to 2.34% (Silverhill/sour orange), and 1.09% (‘Okitsu’/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), respectively; but P concentrations were highly similar %0.13 (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) – %0.16 (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), in the entire growing season. It can be concluded that there are considerable differences in nutrient uptake ability of scion-rootstock combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) could be a promising new crop in Central Europe for contributing to agro-system diversification and reducing the substantial deficit of vegetable protein sources in the European Union. A two-year field experiment was conducted in eastern Austria to assess concentrations and uptake of macro (Ca, K, Mg, P) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn) of chickpea as compared to pea, barley and oat to gain information for a possible introduction of chickpea to Central European agro-system with regard to its contribution to human and livestock nutrition and its nutrient demand. Chickpea grain had higher concentrations of all analysed nutrients (except of Mn) than cereal grains. In year with average climatic conditions, chickpea had a lower grain nutrient uptake of Mg and P than pea, barley and oat but a similar one to barley and oat for K, Cu and Zn as higher grain concentrations of chickpea could compensate its lower grain yield. Whereas, chickpea could outperform the other crops in a year with drought conditions regarding the uptake of macronutrients Ca, K, Mg and P and micronutrient Cu due to both a similar grain yield with the other crops and higher grain concentrations of these elements as compared to barley and oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)