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2. Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Author

Atkin, O.K. Bloomfield, K.J. Reich, P.B. Tjoelker, M.G. Asner, G.P. Bonal, D. Bönisch, G. Bradford, M.G. Cernusak, L.A. Cosio, E.G. Creek, D. Crous, K.Y. Domingues, T.F. Dukes, J.S. Egerton, J.J.G. Evans, J.R. Farquhar, G.D. Fyllas, N.M. Gauthier, P.P.G. Gloor, E. Gimeno, T.E. Griffin, K.L. Guerrieri, R. Heskel, M.A. Huntingford, C. Ishida, F.Y. Kattge, J. Lambers, H. Liddell, M.J. Lloyd, J. Lusk, C.H. Martin, R.E. Maksimov, A.P. Maximov, T.C. Malhi, Y. Medlyn, B.E. Meir, P. Mercado, L.M. Mirotchnick, N. Ng, D. Niinemets, U. O'Sullivan, O.S. Phillips, O.L. Poorter, L. Poot, P. Prentice, I.C. Salinas, N. Rowland, L.M. Ryan, M.G. Sitch, S. Slot, M. Smith, N.G. Turnbull, M.H. Vanderwel, M.C. Valladares, F. Veneklaas, E.J. Weerasinghe, L.K. Wirth, C. Wright, I.J. Wythers, K.R. Xiang, J. Xiang, S. Zaragoza-Castells, J.

Abstract

Summary: Leaf dark respiration (R dark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of R dark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in R dark . Area-based R dark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8-28°C). By contrast, R dark at a standard T (25°C, R dark 25 ) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher R dark 25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (V cmax 25 ) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. R dark 25 values at any given V cmax 25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in R dark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of R dark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs). © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

Published
2015

3. Effect of water on the melting curves of minerals: The Olivine-Melt equilibrium

Author

Maksimov A.P.

Subjects
38.39.15 Физико-химические исследования в минералообразующих системах
Abstract

The behavior of the melting curves of anhydrous silicates in the presence of water is examined in T-C-w and P-T diagrams. It is demonstrated that the effect of water on the melting temperatures of minerals can be explained with the use of the constants of the melting reactions under anhydrous conditions, with melt components assumed to be oxides recalculated to one cation. The water effect is thereby taken into account through a decrease in the fractions of melt components in compliance with the ideal solution model. The general form of the equation for the dependence of the melting temperature on the water concentration in melt satisfactorily reproduces the configurations of the liquidus curves. The example of the olivine-melt equilibrium is employed to demonstrate that the ideal model is able to quantitatively explain the extent of the melting temperature decrease when water is added. In order to adequately describe the experimental data, it is proposed to use a formal parameter: the effective water concentration, which takes into account the presence of the molecular and hydroxyl modes of water occurrence in the melt.

Published
2003

4. The June 1986 eruption of Bezymyannyi

Author

Maksimov A.P., Firstov P.P., Girina O.A., and Malyshev A.I.

Subjects
Безымянный, 38.37.25 Вулканология
Abstract

This paper presents the results of visual observations, particle-size analysis, seismological observations, and acoustic measurements carried out during a small-magnitude eruption of Bezymyannyi in June 1986. A mlodel is proposed for the mechanism of the eruption. A specific character of the eruption is explained by a deeper localization of a gas-rich aagia portion in the conduit

Published
1992

8. Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Author

Shuang Xiang, Trofim C. Maximov, Lucy Rowland, Stephen Sitch, Keith J. Bloomfield, Emanuel Gloor, Christopher H. Lusk, Danielle Creek, Nicholas Mirotchnick, Ülo Niinemets, Michael G. Ryan, Peter B. Reich, Jon Lloyd, Fernando Valladares, Joana Zaragoza-Castells, Mary A. Heskel, John J. G. Egerton, Matthew H. Turnbull, Erik J. Veneklaas, John R. Evans, Roberta E. Martin, Jens Kattge, Françoise Yoko Ishida, Kevin L. Griffin, Gerhard Bönisch, Norma Salinas, Michael J. Liddell, Desmond Ng, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Martijn Slot, Hans Lambers, Lina M. Mercado, Pieter Poot, Mark C. Vanderwel, Kirk R. Wythers, Ian J. Wright, Nicholas G. Smith, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Rossella Guerrieri, Chris Huntingford, Jen Xiang, Teresa E. Gimeno, Yadvinder Malhi, Paul P. G. Gauthier, Patrick Meir, Eric G. Cosio, Odhran S. O'Sullivan, Gregory P. Asner, Mark G. Tjoelker, Damien Bonal, Lucas A. Cernusak, Graham D. Farquhar, Christian Wirth, Lourens Poorter, Matt Bradford, I. Colin Prentice, Oliver L. Phillips, Tomas F. Domingues, Belinda E. Medlyn, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Owen K. Atkin, Kristine Y. Crous, Ayal P. Maksimov, Atkin O.K., Bloomfield K.J., Reich P.B., Tjoelker M.G., Asner G.P., Bonal D., Bonisch G., Bradford M.G., Cernusak L.A., Cosio E.G., Creek D., Crous K.Y., Domingues T.F., Dukes J.S., Egerton J.J.G., Evans J.R., Farquhar G.D., Fyllas N.M., Gauthier P.P.G., Gloor E., Gimeno T.E., Griffin K.L., Guerrieri R., Heskel M.A., Huntingford C., Ishida F.Y., Kattge J., Lambers H., Liddell M.J., Lloyd J., Lusk C.H., Martin R.E., Maksimov A.P., Maximov T.C., Malhi Y., Medlyn B.E., Meir P., Mercado L.M., Mirotchnick N., Ng D., Niinemets U., O'Sullivan O.S., Phillips O.L., Poorter L., Poot P., Prentice I.C., Salinas N., Rowland L.M., Ryan M.G., Sitch S., Slot M., Smith N.G., Turnbull M.H., Vanderwel M.C., Valladares F., Veneklaas E.J., Weerasinghe L.K., Wirth C., Wright I.J., Wythers K.R., Xiang J., Xiang S., Zaragoza-Castells J., Australian National University (ANU), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), James Cook University (JCU), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Purdue University [West Lafayette], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK, University of Waikato [Hamilton], Institute of Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Macquarie University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Regina (UR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Peradeniya, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Western Sydney University (UWS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford], Estonian University of Life Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Biology (University of Florida), University of Florida [Gainesville], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and AXA Research Fund

Subjects
temperature sensitivity, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Acclimatization, Climate, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, Aridity, Temperatures, Ecology, Respiration, Temperature, Biosphere, Plants, PE&RC, Phenotype, nitrogen concentration, Leaf nitrogen (N), Plant Leave, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Woody plant, terrestrial carbon-cycle, thermal-acclimation, Nitrogen, Plant Biology & Botany, Cell Respiration, Climate change, Biology, FOTOSSÍNTESE, Climate model, Ecology and Environment, tropical rain-forests, Carbon cycle, Climate models, Carbon Cycle, Photosynthesi, 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Plant functional types (PFTs), elevated atmospheric co2, photosynthetic capacity, Science & Technology, Plant Sciences, Tropics, scaling relationships, Plant, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, 06 Biological Sciences, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, vegetation models, Photosynthetic capacity, Arid, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Plant Leaves, Biology and Microbiology, 13. Climate action, dark respiration, Acclimation
Abstract

Owen K. Atkin [et al.].- Received: 8 July 2014, Accepted: 29 November 2014, Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits., Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark., Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants., The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs).

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