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Research and theory on the role of top-down self-regulation (TDSR) in children's developmental outcomes has received considerable attention in the last few decades. In this review, we distinguish TDSR (and overlapping self-regulatory processes) from bottom-up regulation. With a particular focus on Eisenberg et al.'s body of work, we review evidence for the role of individual differences in children's TDSR to a variety of developmental outcomes. Children's TDSR processes are consistently inversely related to externalizing problems and internalizing problems, although less consistently for the latter. Moreover, TDSR processes are positively associated with social competence, empathy-related responding and prosocial outcomes, and school-related outcomes. We briefly review complexities in these associations, such as bidirectional relations, mediators, and moderators. Key areas for future work are also discussed. Public Significance Statement: Optimal child and adolescent development has benefits for individuals, their families, and society. We review research demonstrating relations of children's top-down self-regulation for the development of low levels of maladjusted behavior and high levels of socially competent behavior, academic success, prosocial behavior, and sympathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The various systems of diagnosis and classification of mental disorders underline the need to evaluate the interference caused by the different disorders in a person's daily life. The Maladjustment Inventory (MI) evaluates the impairment in the individual's functioning in a brief and self-applied way, through six items. The objective of this research was to explore the psychometric properties of the MI scores through two studies, one with a Spanish clinical sample (Study 1) and another with a Spanish university students' sample (Study 2). Methods: The total sample was made up of 928 participants (81.1% women, n = 495 clinical sample). Descriptive analyses, exploration of internal structure and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, relationship with other variables (quality of life, anxiety, depression, neuroticism and extraversion), and percentiles and T-scores were performed. Results: The results showed good psychometric properties of the MI, with a good fit model for one factor solution in both samples, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84–88, and evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables. Conclusion: The good psychometric properties of the MI, together with its brevity, make it a recommended instrument for the evaluation of interference in both clinical and research contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study created and validated a scale to measure the level of suicide crisis among international students attending South Korean universities. Methods: Study 1 developed questions and constructed the components of the scale using an initial survey of 248 people and exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 validated the scale using a second survey of 340 participants and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results showed that 21 items were confirmed in six factors, which include lack of social support, burdensomeness, maladaptation to Korean culture, academic maladjustment, suicidal thoughts, and suicide risk. Discussion: We verified the convergent validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the scale. The significance and implications of this study are presented, along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The various systems of diagnosis and classification of mental disorders underline the need to evaluate the interference caused by the different disorders in a person’s daily life. The Maladjustment Inventory (MI) evaluates the impairment in the individual’s functioning in a brief and self-applied way, through six items. The objective of this research was to explore the psychometric properties of the MI scores through two studies, one with a Spanish clinical sample (Study 1) and another with a Spanish university students’ sample (Study 2). Methods The total sample was made up of 928 participants (81.1% women, n = 495 clinical sample). Descriptive analyses, exploration of internal structure and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, relationship with other variables (quality of life, anxiety, depression, neuroticism and extraversion), and percentiles and T-scores were performed. Results The results showed good psychometric properties of the MI, with a good fit model for one factor solution in both samples, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.84–88, and evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables. Conclusion The good psychometric properties of the MI, together with its brevity, make it a recommended instrument for the evaluation of interference in both clinical and research contexts.

Introduction: This study created and validated a scale to measure the level of suicide crisis among international students attending South Korean universities. Methods: Study 1 developed questions and constructed the components of the scale using an initial survey of 248 people and exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 validated the scale using a second survey of 340 participants and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results showed that 21 items were confirmed in six factors, which include lack of social support, burdensomeness, maladaptation to Korean culture, academic maladjustment, suicidal thoughts, and suicide risk. Discussion: We verified the convergent validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the scale. The significance and implications of this study are presented, along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the literature, video game addiction in youths is correlated with dysfunctional symptoms of anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders, and the pandemic period of 2020–2022 has favored the aggravation of this behavioral addiction. Therefore, we identified the need to analyze this phenomenon with an emphasis on the risks and correlates related to deviance and maladjustment from a prospective perspective, seeking to understand the impact of the individual variables examined. Aim: To demonstrate whether the condition of "gaming non-pathological abuse" (GNPA) promotes psychopathological features of clinical interest, in the absence of a diagnosis of "gaming disorder" (GD). Materials and methods: A search performed on PubMed and administration of an ad hoc sociological questionnaire were used to investigate individual variables of criminological interest in a representative population sample (531 males/females, 8–18 years old, M: 14.4, SD: 2.5). Results: Statistical analysis showed that after the pandemic period, digital video game addiction was reinforced, feeding psychopathological traits consistent with anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders. Variables correlated with impulsive, aggressive, and violent behavior related to age, gender, socio-environmental and economic background, and the severity of digital video game addiction. Conclusions: In the youth population (8–18 years), "gaming non-pathological abuse" (GNPA) is related to aggressive, impulsive and violent behaviors that foster phenomena of social maladjustment and deviance, especially in individuals living in disadvantaged or otherwise complex socio-economic and family contexts. Looking forward, the study of structural and functional personality profiles is essential in order to anticipate and reduce the future risk of psychopathological and criminal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine newcomers experiencing maladjustment due to cognitive diversity, specifically, how maladjustment affects their turnover intentions; the mediating role of reported workplace bullying; and the buffering effect of perceived inclusive practices in the hospitality sector. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected time-lagged data from 403 respondents and analyzed the data through hierarchical regression analyses using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 25.0. Findings: Role ambiguity, low self-efficacy and social exclusion could each lead to newcomers' reported workplace bullying (NRB). Perceived inclusive practices buffered the impacts of role ambiguity and social exclusion. NRB negatively mediated the relationships between role ambiguity and NRB; and social exclusion and NRB. Practical implications: Hospitality practitioners should specify work procedures to minimize role ambiguities and record service processes to correct mistakes, reward veterans who help newcomers improve self-efficacy, invite newcomers to develop inclusive practices and review employee comments on third-party platforms to understand factors responsible for turnover intention. Originality/value: This study contextualized cognitive diversity into newcomers' maladjustment-bullying-turnover model in China's hospitality industry. It highlighted the buffering effect of perceived inclusive practices in the relationships between maladjustment and reported bullying and turnover intentions among newcomers and confirmed the important role of self-efficacy in addressing adverse work events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments had to impose social isolation measures to safeguard the citizens' health. However, this could have affected psychological problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects associated with social and emotional isolation during the acute phase of the COVID‐19 in Italy. To this purpose, the degree of social isolation and loneliness and the presence of psychological problems (externalising and internalising) were investigated online in a sample of 395 young adults (18–30 years; 57% women). Results confirmed the relevant association between social isolation, loneliness and psychological problems, in both internalising and externalising dimensions. Particularly, loneliness showed the strongest association. Moreover, consistently with surveys conducted during the COVID‐19‐era, data highlighted that men were more vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness than women. These results underline the need for adequate interpersonal support during moments of isolation to prevent negative effects on psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptation of modern man to the demands of globalization, to economic and social needs, has led to the accentuation of some social phenomena (migration and remigration) in terms of the exodus of part of the population. The latter are seeking economic and social stability for their families. Migration is a sensitive issue of interest to both countries of origin and destination. Remigration of Romanian citizens is a phenomenon that produces more or less predictable social, educational, economic and, especially, individual effects. Many migrants do not achieve their goals, many have negative experiences of migration so that their physical and mental state is affected, but even more return home disillusioned and sometimes traumatized by this experience, many of them being children. The phenomenon of remigration (returning to the country of origin after a failed migration experience) has a strong impact on the well-being and development of the student. The social and school adaptation of the pupil and his/her reintegration into social activities presents, in most cases, major difficulties: low self-esteem, school failure, hyperactivity/attention deficit, social isolation.

Adolescence, in addition to being a vital period of human development, could also be considered a sensitive period for the appearance of "antisocial" and "delinquent" behaviours. The objective of the present study is to characterise the prevalence of Antisocial and Delinquent Behaviour in a sample of 137 adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age belonging to the Caribbean region by means of the A-D Questionnaire. Based on the analysis of the results, a higher prevalence of antisocial behaviour (AB) was found, highlighting behaviours such as the "use of offensive language, violence as a method of conflict resolution and failure to comply with tasks"; as for delinquent behaviour (DB), although it presented a lower prevalence compared to AB, some of these behaviours were highlighted, such as "stealing valuables from public places, causing damage to public property and accessing clubs or acquiring prohibited beverages". In Colombia, and especially in the Caribbean region, there is a need to continue expanding scientific studies to generate contributions towards the approach and understanding of this complex phenomenon, especially taking into consideration the adolescent population, due to the different risk factors associated with this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs (RESE) in managing negative emotions and in expressing positive emotions are believed to play an important role in different spheres of psychological functioning. However, the literature does not offer a quantitative synthesis of the degree of the relation between RESE and indices of (mal)adjustment. The present study is a meta-analytic investigation of the relation between RESE and indices of maladjustment and adjustment. A total of 93 studies from 83 peer-reviewed international articles and 1 doctoral dissertation were included, for a total amount of 48,373 participants. RESE were negatively and significantly related to maladjustment (r = -.24). Conversely, RESE were positively and significantly related to adjustment (r =.35). Results seem not to be affected by publication bias and only a few moderating effects were documented. In conclusion, given the above results, RESE proved to be (among others) a valid marker of overall psychosocial functioning, both in its positive and negative facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to study the world experience and views on the clinic and systematics of non-psychotic manifestations in schizoaffective disorder (SAD) by analyzing modern scientific literary sources. The relevance of study on SAD is determined by the significant prevalence in the population (0.2–0.6 %) and negative socio-economic consequences of the disease. Significant problems in SAD are family and work maladjustment, suicidality and states of psychoactive substance use comorbidity. The nosological independence of the disease was put into question and it was reflected in diagnostic approaches and classifications. In the clinical practice, SAD is considered independently and as a variant of schizophrenia or affective disorders. Diagnostics and prognostic criteria regarding personality changes in SAD are still at the stage of determining. Conclusions. Understanding of definitions “prognosis”, “outcome”, and “maladjustment” in SAD is not unified. Signs of SAD in remission and intermission is the most recent aspect of the SAD clinic, which dictates the need to assess personality changes and the level of social adaptation and functioning.

Copyright of Educatia 21 is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Problematic use of the internet (PUI) among adolescents has become one of the public problems around the world. Understanding the developmental trajectory of PUI may be beneficial to develop prevention and intervention. The current study aimed to identify the developmental trajectories of PUI among adolescents, considering individual differences over time. And also explored how familial factors contributed to the identified trajectories, and the relationship between PUI changes over time and social, mental health, and academic functioning. Methods: A total of 1,149 adolescents (Mage = 15.82, SD = 0.61; 55.27% girls at Wave 1) participated in assessments at four time points, using 6-month assessment intervals. Results: Based on a latent class growth model, three trajectories of PUI were identified: Low Decreasing, Moderate Increasing, and High Increasing groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that inter-parental conflicts and childhood maltreatment served as negative familial predictors for the risk trajectories of PUI (i.e., Moderate Increasing and High Increasing groups). Additionally, adolescents in these two groups displayed more estranged interpersonal relationships, more mental health difficulties, and poorer academic functioning. Discussion and conclusions: It is important to consider individual differences in understanding the developmental patterns of PUI among adolescents. Identifying family predictors and the behavioral outcome associated with groups with different developmental trajectories of PUI, which may help to understand better risk factors related to specific developmental patterns of PUI and its adverse correlates. The findings highlight a need to develop more specific effective intervention programs for individuals displaying different problematic developmental trajectories with PUI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTransient hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction occurs in critically ill foals with sepsis and neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). Cortisol is the most commonly measured steroid. However, a complex interaction of various steroid compounds might play a role in pathophysiology of this disorder.ObjectiveTo identify steroid compounds present at high concentrations at birth that rapidly and steadily decrease within the first 7 days of life in healthy foals and that might be supportive diagnosis of NMS and other neonatal disorders.AnimalsTen healthy neonatal Quarter Horse foals (5 females and 5 males).MethodsProspective study. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes within 30 minutes after birth, and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours of age. Plasma was separated and a panel of steroid compounds was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A nonlinear regression model was used to determine decay concentrations over time. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and significance was set a P ≤ .05.ResultsFive compounds were identified: pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations rapidly decreased by 24 hours of age and remained low throughout the first 7 days of life. Their half-life (95% CI) was short at 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) and 4.5 (2.8, 6.1) hours, respectively. No statistical differences in the concentrations of these compounds were found between males and females.Conclusions and clinical relevanceProgesterone might be a useful marker for identifying continuous endogenous production of neuroactive steroids in foals with suspected NMS and other neonatal diseases.

The harm of childhood parental neglect to emerging adults' maladjustment has garnered empirical support. For college students who have left‐behind experience (LBE), this relationship is rarely discussed and the psychological process underlying this relationship is not well understood. Using a longitudinal study and guided by the Risky Families model, this study aimed to explore the mediating roles of anxious attachment and perceived social support in the link between parental neglect and maladjustment of LBE college students. We used two‐wave longitudinal data, with a time lag of 3 months, collected among Chinese college students with LBE in Chongqing (N = 391). The results revealed that parental neglect in wave one was positively associated with maladjustment (depression, anxiety, and stress) in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two separately mediated the relationship between parental neglect in wave one and maladjustment in wave two. Anxious attachment and perceived social support in wave two only sequentially mediated the pathway from parental neglect to later depression. These findings emphasize the importance of anxious attachment and social support in resilience and have significant implications for LBE college students' social work practice in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Following disasters, children and adolescents can use coping strategies to feel better. A growing body of studies investigated the relation between them and maladjustment/adjustment, i.e., negative symptomatology/positive indicators of development. Yet, these constructs are studied separately. Objective: We conducted two meta-analyses to examine the mean correlation between disaster-related coping strategies and indicators of maladjustment/adjustment following natural disasters in children and adolescents, considering the role of some moderators. Methods: We used PsycINFO, PubMed, Eric, and Scopus databases to identify articles on natural disasters (filters: participants ≤ 18 years at the disaster, peer-review, English language). Inclusion required investigating the relation between at least one coping strategy and at least one indicator of maladjustment (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression) and/or adjustment (e.g., self-efficacy, emotion understanding), for a total of 26 studies (k = 64, n = 9692, for maladjustment; k = 37, n = 3504, for adjustment). Results: There were global positive significant correlations between coping strategies and negative symptomatology (rpooled =.23) for maladjustment, and positive indicators (rpooled =.17) for adjustment. Negative symptomatology positively correlated with escape (r =.19), social isolation (r =.15), submission (r =.64), and opposition (r =.16); positive indicators positively correlated with problem solving (r =.31), social support (r =.22), and submission (r =.30). We found a moderating role of age, disaster type, and continent for maladjustment. Conclusions: The study presented an analysis of the coping strategies that can be effective for children and adolescents dealing with natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to research the age-related specifics of self-regulation among the employees of Federal Penitentiary Service (FPS) of Russia, we conducted an empirical study on a sample of 40 male professionals aged 25-49 (average age was 35.20±7.41 years). Our diagnostic toolset was comprised of the following: Behavior Self-regulation Style Inventory (Moro-sanova V.I., 1999), Self-control Questionnaire (H. Grasmick, 1993, adapted by Bulygina V.G., Abdrazyakova A.M., 2010), BIS/BAS questionnaire (Carver C.S., White T.L., 1994, standardized by Knyazev G.G., Slobodskaya Ye.R., 2007). The empirical data were ana-lyzed using statistical treatment, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis (Pearson’s r). The study of the age-related parameters of the subjects’ conscious self-regulation revealed that the number of links between one’s self-regulation parameters and one’s individual typolog-ical characteristics decreases (with age).

Most people assume studying or working abroad would be stressful - but would one ever think that it could be detrimental to the health? Stress literature relates cross-cultural transactions to the chances of gaining higher levels of chronic stress. This paper reports the results of two studies on international students in Moscow in 2018. Specifically, Study 1 assessed how cross-cultural transactions perceived to affect health state during the first 6 months of their relocation. Study 2 aimed to investigate if the psychological stress linked to relocation to a different country can possibly lead to psychobiological effects of chronic stress. In Study 1, qualitative methods were applied to conduct 21 interviews with international students. In Study 2, a longitudinal pilot study was conducted for 10 foreign students during the first 2-5 (M = 3.6) months of their relocation. Stress related to cross-cultural transactions was expected to affect subjective well-being and health variables. The health state was a relatively silent topic in the interview participants of Study 1. The results of Study 2 showed that the participants had changes in the resting heart rate (RHR) baseline. Perceived chronic stress related to cross-cultural transactions may affect psychophysiological state; however, the affect varies depending on a person. Further research is required for the data consistency and for identifying non-invasive objective risk markers and individual stress pathways, with the goal of identifying at-risk students and providing treatment options before any serious harm is done to their health.

Research in psychoanalytic personality assessment has involved the development and validation of affect-laden representations of self and others, i.e., object relations, which are substrates of interpersonal variables assessed by selfreport and performance-based personality measures. With both self-report and performance-based elements, sentence completion measures such as the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB) offer an alternative method of assessing personality (mal) adjustment by eliciting and scoring completions of a respondent's feelings to short sentence stems (Rotter & Rafferty, 1950; Rotter et al., 1992). The current study sought to develop and evaluate an object relations (OR) measure for the RISB. RISB sentence stems related to self and others were selected to develop the OR scale (15 stems) and self- and other-representation subscales (9 stems and 6 stems, respectively). Several test score reliability and validity analyses were undertaken following contemporary psychometric guidelines. Inter-rater reliability coefficients for outpatient mental health clients (N = 50) were r = .80 (Self subscale), r = .88 (Other subscale), and r = .88 (Total scale). Internal consistency reliabilities for outpatients (N = 123) demonstrated medium-to-large alpha (α = .77; α = .54; α = .77) and omega (ω = .79; ω = .55; ω = .78) coefficients. Test-retest reliabilities (r = .71; r = .65; r = .64) using a college student sample (N = 20) demonstrated moderate temporal stability of the scales. External validity evaluations examined correlations between RISB OR scale scores and relevant Rorschach (N = 84) and MMPI-2 (N = 111) scale scores of outpatient clients. Convergent validity correlations were in the small-to-large effect size range with several MMPI-2 interpersonal scales but were minimal in relation to Rorschach variables. Discriminant validity was most clearly shown with Rorschach variables but not MMPI-2 scales. In addition, results showed significant differences in mean RISB OR scale scores of outpatients and college students (N = 50 each), but not between personality disordered and non-personality disordered outpatients (N = 45 each). The findings of this study suggest adequate psychometric standing of the RISB OR scales and subscales as measures of object relations. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to check if the construction of narrative identity by adolescents at risk of maladjustment contributes to their adaptive social functioning. It also aimed to identify factors related to identity on which the adjustment of adolescents at risk of social maladjustment depends. A natural experiment was conducted in Poland among youths from sociotherapy centres (n = 60, aged 18-20 years, 33 women and 27 men). A group of graduates at these centres (n = 31, aged 21-24 years, 17 women and 14 men) was included in the exploratory study and compared with the group of students in terms of maladjustment, ego-resiliency, and identity. The experiment shows that the construction of a narrative identity through a life story interview contributes to better social adaptation, which means a lower risk of maladjustment. The diffuse-avoidant identity style predisposes to maladjustment, whereas ego-resiliency is associated with a higher level of adjustment. Thus the narrative interview method can find application in the therapy of adolescents at risk of maladjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aspects of parenting including overprotection explain individual differences in child adjustment. This review and meta‐analysis summarizes studies on parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems. To ensure that findings could be compared as systematically as possible, the focus was on studies that used the overprotection scale of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran ("Memories of my Parents' Upbringing") (EMBU) questionnaire, a popular instrument to measure parental overprotection. In total, we extracted 176 effects from 29 studies. A modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to perform quality assessments for the included studies. Parental overprotection was associated positively with offspring internalizing and externalizing problems, with overall estimates ranging from r =.14 to.18. Moderator analyses suggested that effects of maternal were larger than effects of paternal overprotection. Other factors that moderated the strength of the association between overprotection and maladjustment included whether outcomes were self‐reported or parent‐reported, the design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal, and publication year. Cultural context, age at exposure, and child sex did not explain differences between effect sizes. Most findings were based on cross‐sectional studies and therefore do not constitute proof of causal relations. Many studies were of less‐than‐satisfactory quality regarding representativeness of the sample, descriptions of the data collection, and statistical analyses. There is a clear need for well‐powered longitudinal studies to strengthen inferences about associations between parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Maladjustments and failures of programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunts have been reported in patients encountering powerful electromagnetic fields, e. g. MRI. We describe the case of a 53-year old man treated for hydrocephalus with a programmable Codman-Hakim shunt valve. During his hospitalization in Forensic Psychiatry, the patient’s valve pressure setting changed randomly despite frequent reprogramming and surveillance. Objectives Maladjustments and failures of programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunts have been reported in cases in which patients have encountered powerful electromagnetic fields, e.g., MRI. Through a case, this study shows easy maladjustment of a Codman-Hakim programmable valve also by small magnetic fields from everyday life. Methods A 53-year old man presented with periventricular hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. The patient was treated with a left ventriculo-peritoneal Codman-Hakim programmable shunt valve. During his hospitalization in Forensic Psychiatry, the patient’s valve pressure setting changed randomly, presumably by walking through electromagnetically controlled doors of a hospital ward. With a test dummy, changes in pressure settings were tracked. Results Both - pressure settings of the patient’s Codman-Hakim programmable valve as well as pressure settings of a new valve - were unwantedly modified simply by walking through standard doors in a hospital ward. Conclusions Thus already weak magnetic fields (< 200 mT) might cause changes in the pressure settings of programmable shunt valves and therefore lead to maladjustment. Patients should be informed and pay attention to using everyday life’s devices, like rod magnets or mobile phones. Disclosure No significant relationships.

This study identified the acculturation trajectories of multicultural adolescents in South Korea along with those of their migrant mothers using a latent class growth analysis and examined the relationship between latent trajectories of adolescents and their mothers and the adjustment of adolescents. Data from a nationally representative sample of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (N = 1458, Girls = 50.62%, age range = 9.97–14.96) were used. Three latent acculturation trajectories of multicultural adolescents were identified, including integration, modest assimilation, and high assimilation, and four latent acculturation trajectories of migrant mothers were distinguished, including high assimilation, high separation, modest assimilation, and modest separation. The most favorable profiles were those of the integration of adolescents and high assimilation of migrant mothers. These findings suggested the importance of providing family‐based prevention and intervention programs against the maladjustment of South Korean multicultural adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study assumed that perceived ex-partner rejection is likely to associate with increased symptoms of psychological distress among remarried women who had been previously divorced. Additionally, emotional intelligence may act as moderator between ex-partner rejection and psychological distress, and length of time between divorce and remarriage may play a role in the amount of psychological distress, a woman experiences. In this regard, 99 remarried women, who have been previously divorced, were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Separate hierarchical regressions revealed that perceived ex-spousal rejection significantly and positively predicted psychological distress, however, EI did not moderate between ex-partner rejection and psychological distress. Results further demonstrated no significant difference in level of psychological distress between group of women who remarried within 2 years of divorce, and those who remarried after 2 years of divorce. Implications for relationship researchers and mental health professionals are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare views and attitudes towards lies held by Polish teenagers who were properly socialized and socially maladjusted (179 people). The diagnostic survey method and the questionnaire technique were used. It has been established that socially adapted youth better recognize lies, more often use altruistic and manipulative lies, more often lies to parents and teachers. Also, being lied to more often, they react with breaking contact with the liar and experience disappointment and anger; moreover, in the situation of being caught lying, they experience shame more often. In turn, socially maladjusted young people use destructive lies that aim to hurt someone. It was also found that the use of a lie, views on the admissibility of a lie and the tendency to justify it are independent of social adaptation.

The study focuses on examining the adaptive skills and specifics of professional self-esteem of the penitentiary system officials with varying levels of success in adapting to their duty performance. 50 individuals took part in the questioning: 25 men and 25 women aged 24-51 (the average age is 33), with 1 to 5 years of experience (the average length of service is 4 years). Five methods were used for diagnosis. For data processing we used Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of adaptation is helped by the official's psychological qualities such as the internal locus of control, mental stability, adaptive and communicative skills, moral normativity. The more successfully an official adjusts to the conditions and content of his/her official duties, the more positive his/her professional self-esteem is, the greater are his/her self-efficacy, professional and life satisfaction. Difficulties in the officials' adaptation to their professional environment entail a decline in their general state, emergence of somatovegetative disorders, reduced motivation for work, deterioration of their social interaction.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate maladjustment based on identity status among students of the University of Tehran. Methods: In a descriptive-correlation and retrospective study, 107 male college students at the University of Tehran were selected by convenience sampling method. The extended objective measure of ego identity status and MMPI-2 college Maladjustment (Mt) scale were used for data collection. The obtained data were processed by using ANOVA with SPSS V. 22. Results: Findings indicated significant differences among achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused identity statuses (P

A popular topic in developmental science is self-regulation, an aspect of functioning viewed as contributing to optimal development. Of particular theoretical importance is top-down (frontal cortically based) self-regulation (TDSR). This article briefly reviews recent research on TDSR's relation to four areas of development: maladjustment, social competence, prosocial development, and academic development. Recent studies on the topic often involve sophisticated methods and designs; moreover, several relevant meta-analyses have been published in the recent past. In general, a higher level of TDSR has been associated with better adjustment, social competence, prosociality, and success in the school setting. Limitations in the research and extant meta-analyses are briefly noted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest relation to contents of this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

For many freshmen, the first years of higher education are crucial and associated with the emergence of complex and diverse stressful situations in the new learning environment. The introduction of scientifically based measures of pedagogical support for the adaptation component of freshmen into the educational process is becoming an urgent need. The purpose of our study was to experimentally test the effectiveness of the impact of academic physical education classes using sports games, including elements of psychological training, on the intervention of the psychophysiological state of students during the period of adaptation to the conditions of education in university. The study was carried out using the data from Sochi State University. The study involved 32 first-year students aged 17-19 from Sochi State University, who were studying in the field of "teacher education". Testing the level of the psychophysiological state of students was carried out according to the following indicators: determination of the strength of nerve processes by measuring the dynamics of the hand movement rate ("tapping test" from the interpretation by E.P. Ilyin), self-assessment of mental states according to G. Eysenck's test, and diagnostics of mental performance via speed of information processing using the proofreading test of V.Ya. Anfimov. The significance of changes was determined using the Wilcoxon test using a significance of p<0.05. During the experiment, the students experienced a statistically significant decrease in the severity of personal anxiety and frustration. In the final stage of the study, there was a significant improvement in mental performance in terms of information processing speed. In general, our results show the effectiveness of the developed program for correcting the psychophysiological state of students in physical education lessons using sports games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dauksza analyzes Leonard Neuger’s research output by focusing on issues of maladjustment and the experience of uneasiness. To that end, Dauksza argues that helplessness is not an immanent trait, but an acquired and relational one. In this regard, Dauksza refers to Neuger’s proposed term of transitivity: transitive relations, activities guided by the dynamics of dependence. An important aspect is the experience of discrimination, which can be deliberately overtaken by the victim in the exploitation of the potential of weakness, which the victim show or performs, thus exposing the conventionality of another’s position of superiority. A key figure for Dauksza is that of immigrant/refugee, namely the one who must function in the realm of lawlessness or with limited rights of newcomers. Following Neuger, Dauksza argues that - regardless of the actual reasons for emigration, even forced one – there is a need for yet another emigration by choice, which means deliberate, conscious use of the potential of difference and displacement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to child maltreatment and maternal depression are significant risk factors for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in caregiving, including poor emotion socialization behavior, may mediate these associations. Thus, enhancing supportive parent emotion socialization may be a key transdiagnostic target for preventive interventions designed for these families. Reminiscing and Emotion Training (RET) is a brief relational intervention designed to improve maternal emotion socialization behavior by enhancing maltreating mothers' sensitive guidance during reminiscing with their young children. This study evaluated associations between maltreatment, maternal depressive symptoms, and the RET intervention with changes in children's maladjustment across one year following the intervention, and examined the extent to which intervention-related improvement in maternal emotion socialization mediated change in children's maladjustment. Participants were 242 children (aged 36 to 86 months) and their mothers from maltreating (66%) and nonmaltreating (34%) families. Results indicated that RET intervention-related improvement in maternal sensitive guidance mediated the effects of RET on reduced child maladjustment among maltreated children one year later. By comparison, poor sensitive guidance mediated the effects of maltreatment on higher child maladjustment among families that did not receive the RET intervention. Direct effects of maternal depressive symptoms on child maladjustment were also observed. This suggests RET is effective in facilitating emotional and behavioral adjustment in maltreated children by improving maltreating mothers' emotional socialization behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that psychological resilience is a key factor in drug rehabilitation. To explore the feasibility of developing psychological resilience as an addiction treatment intervention, it is essential to explore the role that it plays in drug addiction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction, as well as to examine the underlying mediational roles of maladjustment and impulsiveness in this association. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design that included a sample of 140 male drug addicts in compulsory isolation centers and used questionnaires and scales to ascertain their level of drug addiction, psychological resilience, maladjustment, impulsiveness, social support, and loneliness. Correlation and mediation effect analyses were performed to determine the roles of impulsiveness and maladjustment in the association of psychological resilience with drug addiction. Results: Psychological resilience was an inverse predictor of drug addiction. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that maladjustment acted as a mediator between resilience and drug addiction and between impulsiveness and drug addiction. Furthermore, impulsiveness and maladjustment jointly mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of psychological resilience in maladjustment and impulsiveness for drug addicts and suggest that the role of psychological resilience in drug addiction needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Transient hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysfunction occurs in critically ill foals with sepsis and neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). Cortisol is the most commonly measured steroid. However, a complex interaction of various steroid compounds might play a role in pathophysiology of this disorder. Objective To identify steroid compounds present at high concentrations at birth that rapidly and steadily decrease within the first 7 days of life in healthy foals and that might be supportive diagnosis of NMS and other neonatal disorders. Animals Ten healthy neonatal Quarter Horse foals (5 females and 5 males). Methods Prospective study. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes within 30 minutes after birth, and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours of age. Plasma was separated and a panel of steroid compounds was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A nonlinear regression model was used to determine decay concentrations over time. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and significance was set a P ≤ .05. Results Five compounds were identified: pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations rapidly decreased by 24 hours of age and remained low throughout the first 7 days of life. Their half‐life (95% CI) was short at 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) and 4.5 (2.8, 6.1) hours, respectively. No statistical differences in the concentrations of these compounds were found between males and females. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Progesterone might be a useful marker for identifying continuous endogenous production of neuroactive steroids in foals with suspected NMS and other neonatal diseases.

The individual’s adaptation problems can lead to risky behaviors such as drug use. This study aimed to analyze the existence of different adaptation profiles (personal, school, and social) in adolescents. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the existence of significant differences in interpersonal risk factors depending on the degree of adaptation. The study participants were 1,201 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (M = 14.43, SD = 1.43), and 50.6% were girls. The TAMAI Test (multifactorial adaptation self-evaluation test) and the FRIDA questionnaire (Interpersonal Risk Factors for Drug Use in Adolescence) were used. A latent class analysis (LCA) revealed three different types of adaptation: maladjusted group, at-risk group, and adjusted group. The results showed the existence of significant differences between the different adaptation profiles based on interpersonal risk factors. The data obtained will help school and mental health plans to prevent misbehaving or risky behaviors.

Aim. The purpose of the study is to prevent the adverse effect of the self-isolation regime caused by COVID-19 by attending remote physical education classes with students of III-IV health groups. Materials and methods. The study involved 38 first-year female students aged 18.1 ± 0.3 years (South Ural State University). The experiment was conducted remotely and lasted three months. A methodology for remote physical education and health improvement classes was developed and justified. This methodology consists of modern programs of physical therapy (exercise therapy) and fitness and also includes emotional and muscle relaxation (EMR) techniques and ideomotor movements (according to M. Sandomirsky, 1995). The individual minute test and tapping test were used for assessing signs of maladaptation. The assessment of psycho-emotional state was carried out using the integrative anxiety test (IAT) by A. Bizyuk, L. Wasserman, B. Iovlev. Results. Desynchronosis associated by an accelerated subjective perception of time, low functional mobility of nervous processes with a dominant below average and average to below average working capacity, as well as high anxiety, both personal and situational, were identified during the study. Our methodology of physical education and health improvement classes contributes to the development of stable adaptation processes and reliably (p <0.05) brings the disturbed biorhythms of female students to their physiological norm. The use of this methodology allows successfully overcoming mental maladjustment, reducing the level of situational anxiety, stabilizing the functional state of the central nervous system, improving working capacity and increasing the strength of nervous processes. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the importance of physical activity adequate to the functional state of students for the prevention of maladaptive disorders in conditions of selfisolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Will capitalism survive? This question was asked by Joseph Alois Schumpeter, one of the most respected economists of the 20th century. Decades after his forecasted question, the threat to the reign of capitalism in the 21st century is existential. The hallmark of capitalism is innovation, which is akin to change. As any business executive and scholar may allude to, change is essential to ensure business growth and sustainability. The bane of capitalism is its orient to profit maximization that favors only the owners of the capital and exploits resources without replenishing them. Social maladjustment and income inequality are rampant globally thus amplifying the calls for a change in the capitalism structure. In America for example, certain politicians have proposed a change to socialism, advancing programs such as "the green new deal", universal health insurance policy, increased minimum wages, increased corporate taxes to ensure pay equity, and improved welfare programs for its citizens. Indeed, the emboldening of socialism proponents is intelligible. In our resolve to find solutions to societal problems and especially income inequality, it may be prudent to improve the nature of capitalism rather than encourage a change to socialism. In this article, the writer cautions against a change to socialism and suggests a system of capitalism undergirded by a stakeholder framework with equality at its core, as opposed to the shareholder axiom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The individual's adaptation problems can lead to risky behaviors such as drug use. This study aimed to analyze the existence of different adaptation profiles (personal, school, and social) in adolescents. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the existence of significant differences in interpersonal risk factors depending on the degree of adaptation. The study participants were 1,201 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (M = 14.43, SD = 1.43), and 50.6% were girls. The TAMAI Test (multifactorial adaptation self-evaluation test) and the FRIDA questionnaire (Interpersonal Risk Factors for Drug Use in Adolescence) were used. A latent class analysis (LCA) revealed three different types of adaptation: maladjusted group, at-risk group, and adjusted group. The results showed the existence of significant differences between the different adaptation profiles based on interpersonal risk factors. The data obtained will help school and mental health plans to prevent misbehaving or risky behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of an intervention program for informal caregivers of elderly dependent that combined balneotherapy with group psychoeducation (BT-PE) based on the balanced care model. The BT-PE intervention (N = 124) was compared with a comparison group only exposed to balneotherapy (BT) (N = 76). The two modalities included both primary and secondary informal caregivers. A three-way mixed ANOVA was conducted to determine the effects of two between-subjects´ factors (intervention group and caregiver type) and one within-subjects´ factor (time) on burden, depression, anxiety, maladjustment and care satisfaction. Results showed less burden and more care satisfaction in both primary and secondary caregivers participating in the BT-PE program after the interventions. Primary caregivers also showed lower levels of maladjustment in the experimental group at post-intervention. Although depressive symptoms and anxiety decreased significantly in both intervention groups, BT-PE did not show lower scores compared with the application of sole BT. The relevance of caregivers´ psychoeducation on the balanced care model and its combination with balneotherapy is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent-to-Parent Violence (APV) or Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV) is a specific form of violence that has remained inconspicuous until recently, but is becoming a mounting social issue and is increasingly the focus of scientific research. Of the variables related to APV, the study assessed the characteristics of the family system and its relationship to the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents, an aspect scarcely examined in the literature. Thus, a field study was performed on a community sample of 210 adolescents aged 12–17 years (51.4% girls) who were assessed on measurements of APV, parenting (parental socialization), victimization, and psychological adjustment (personal, family, and school). The results revealed higher rates of psychological APV, and no gender effects in violence exercised against either parent. The adolescents involved in APV exhibited a greater psychological maladjustment in the different areas under analysis. Moreover, adolescents engaging in psychological APV reported a parental socialization style characterized by severe strictness and supervision in comparison to non-aggressors not implicated in psychological APV. Finally, adolescents exercising APV who were victimized by their parents showed more psychological, personal, and school maladjustment. These results have implications for needs analysis and the planning of community prevention strategies.

The article presents analyses of the main causes of the increase in the number of social orphans in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the materials of a sociological research, conducted by the initiative of the Ministry of Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2016, it was revealed that 99.5% of social orphans live in orphanages. For a child who grew up without a family, the agents of socialization are: zhamaat (community), peers and educators of orphanages. Today, as never before, social orphans need in orphanages and boarding schools. Due to the lack of contacts with parents, many social orphans have an incorrect understanding of different social roles. The lack of such contacts leads to difficulties in socialization and adaptation in society. Besides, inmates of orphanages have changes in social relations, a weak self-confidence, a decrease in targeting, and etc.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine psychosocial maladjustment related to adolescents’ appraisals of workplace sexual behavior. Method: High school aged adolescents with formal work experience completed a survey containing a battery of scales. Results: Descriptive statistics addressing frequency of exposure showed that 45% of adolescent men reported at least one incident of sexual behavior directed at them personally, and 24% of adolescent women reported the same. Results further indicated that adolescent men reporting a positive experience after being targeted by direct sexual behavior at work also showed signs of internal maladjustment, such as depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Gender role strain model, which suggests that the male adolescents experienced trauma when conforming to hyper-masculine norms that call for acceptance of sexual behavior, was offered to explain why male adolescents differed from female adolescents in associations between sexual behavior appraisal and maladjustment.

We are facing the worst refuge crisis since World War II. This is a constant process, that will increase in the future and it is framed into the several migratory movements that we are living since decades not only because of war, but also due to climatic, political and economic reasons. This article tries to analyze the psychosocial risks that migrant people face in extreme situations focusing the analysis in Ulysses syndrome: The syndrome of migrant people with chronic and multiple stress. The results show the need of incorporating this analysis into the social and labor integration programs because the way we receive and protect migrant people will represent the difference between their integration and their maladjustment into the new society.