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Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a new visual training program for improving the visual function in patients implanted with trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolling 60 subjects (age, 47–75 years) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of trifocal diffractive IOL. Home-based active visual training was prescribed immediately after surgery to all of them (20 sessions, 30 min): 31 subjects using a serious game based on Gabor patches (study group) and 29 using a placebo software (placebo group). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS), and perception of visual disturbances (QoV questionnaire) were evaluated before and after training. Likewise, in a small subgroup, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis was performed. Results No significant differences were found between groups in compliance time (p = 0.70). After training, only significant improvements in monocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity were found in the study group (p ≤ 0.01), although differences between groups did not reach statistical significance (p ≥ 0.11). Likewise, significantly better binocular far CS values were found in the study group for the spatial frequencies of 6 (p = 0.01) and 12 cpd (p = 0.03). More visual symptoms of the QoV questionnaire experienced a significant change in the level of bothersomeness in the study group. Rs-fMRI revealed the presence significant changes reflecting higher functional connectivity after the training with the serious game. Conclusions A 3-week visual training program based on the use of Gabor patches after bilateral implantation of trifocal diffractive IOLs may be beneficial for optimising the visual function, with neural changes associated suggesting an acceleration of neuroadaptation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04985097. Registered 02 August 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/(NCT04985097). Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Research action was co-financed by the FEDER Fund through the OPTiTRAIN project (EXP 00106153/IDI-20180123) leaded by Proconsi SL within the framework of the PID (“Proyectos de Investigación y Desarrollo”) of the CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain). The author David P Piñero has been supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ramón y Cajal, RYC-2016-20471. The author Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez has been supported by the European Union (NextGenerationEU).

ilustraciones, diagramas En el presente trabajo de investigación se formuló con el objetivo general de proponer un modelo de Gestión de Cambio Planeado para la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. La fundamentación teórica está basada en los estudios de Kurt Lewin (1947); Lippitt, Watson y Westley (1958); Raph Klimann (1989) y; Jhon Kotter (1996), cuyos aportes son considerablemente importantes para comprender la situación problemática planteada. En relación con el esquema metodológico implementado se abordó el paradigma cualitativo, enfocado en el diseño de investigación acción basado en los planteamientos Kurt Lewin (1946) reforzados por Blaxter, Hughes, y Tight (2002), encaminado en la investigación documental para realizar una revisión de la literatura referente al fenómeno de estudio. Centrado en el análisis de contenido de fuentes primarias y fuentes secundarias, simultáneamente empleando la técnica de la observación científica no estructurada, (Sabino, 1992), con la intencionalidad de interactuar en el contexto de estudio y para estar atentos a algún hecho relevante que se pudiera producir en el curso de la investigación. En consecuencia, los resultados obtenidos detallan una vista comparativa de los modelos de Gestión de Cambio Planeado, que permitieron la adopción y combinación de elementos importantes para elaborar un modelo propio para la SDS. Modelo que provee soluciones a los procesos de cambios que sean empleados en la entidad. (Texto tomado de la fuente) The general objective of this research work was to propose a planned change management model. The case of the District Health Secretariat. The theoretical foundation is based on the studies of Kurt Lewin (1947); Lippitt, Watson and Westley (1958); Raph Klimann (1989) and; Jhon Kotter (1996), whose contributions are considerably important to understand the problematic situation raised. In relation to the methodological scheme implemented, the qualitative paradigm was approached, focused on the design of action research, directed in the documentary research to carry out a review of the literature referring to the study phenomenon. Focused on the content analysis of primary sources and secondary sources, simultaneously using the technique of unstructured scientific observation with the intention of interacting in the context of study and to be attentive to any relevant fact that could occur in the course of the research. As a result, the results obtained were a comparative view of the planned change management models, which allowed the adoption and combination of important elements to elaborate a model of its own for the SDS. That provides solutions to the change processes that are used in the public entity. Derived from the effort and interest of all those who exercise with tenacity, commitment and loyalty in the beautiful work of serving the users of the health sector. Maestría Magíster en Administración La metodología pertinente para poder desarrollar el trabajo de investigación tiene como naturaleza el enfoque cualitativo, apoyándose en la hermenéutica para interpretar y comprender los fenómenos y características de las situaciones analizadas al interior de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. En relación con el análisis de las características frente al cambio de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud, la corriente teórica adecuada para tratar la problemática del trabajo de investigación es la Gestión del cambio planeado la cual se articula con el contexto interno de las entidades públicas, generando de forma intencional para los lideres una ruta a seguir cuando se quiera establecer un cambio estratégico. Estrategia y Organizaciones

This paper offers a systematic review that follows the PRISMA protocol; its aim is to offer a compendium of intervention programs and strategies that have been developed in the university context for promoting oral competencies and public speaking skills. After a blind pair selection process, 23 studies were included, analyzed in depth, and their methodological quality evaluated, using one checklist for experimental studies and another for nonexperimental studies. The results reveal a variety of methodologies and techniques based on presentation and practice both in the classroom and using video recordings. Participation in debate, small group classroom organization for problem solving, and the use of feedback are presented as adequate teaching strategies for improving these skills. By compiling and analyzing the key elements of the interventions, guidance may be found for the design of future interventions, through a list of resources and activities that address these purposes.