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Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is the key to emission reduction and energy efficiency improvement targets while decreasing the dependence on fossil fuel. Despite the fact that replacing conventional vehicle powered by internal combustion engine with EVs reduce greenhouse gas emissions, limited range of EVs has been leading their mass deployment towards saturation. This paper performs a scoping review of articles on range anxiety induced among EV users. It explores user’s perception and actual affecting factors on range of EVs, and proceeds on to measures suggested in the articles to mitigate range anxiety.

Etoricoxib belongs to the class of highly selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs. It is mostly used for the treatment of pain, arthritic conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The current study focuses primarily on analytical and bioanalytical method development methodologies, as well as numerous methods established for the estimation of etoricoxib, whether in pharmaceutical dose form or in bulk. Analytical procedures are critical for determining compositions, as they allow us to obtain both qualitative and quantitative results utilising advanced analytical tools. The analytical method for Etoricoxib may be chromatographic, electrochemical, spectral or hyphenated. These methods aid in the comprehension of critical process parameters as well as the minimization of their impact on precision and accuracy. Analytical method development is required to sustain high commercial product quality standards and to meet regulatory requirements. Following the reference, regulatory organisations in several nations have established standards and procedures for providing approval, authentication, and registration. Bioanalytical methods are designed to quantify the concentration of drug, metabolite, or typical biomarkers from various biological fluids including serum, urine, saliva and tissue extracts.

Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) J.F. Macbr. belongs to the family of Sapotaceae, and is also commonly known as mahua or butternut tree. Each part of the plant is known for its unique medicinal properties. This review aims to enhance the application of this plant in various sectors and also extend the therapeutic potential of Madhuca species in pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, agriculture and the food industry. Madhuca longifolia and all its products are widely used as a traditional and herbal medicine system. Even though they are used traditionally by a population of local areas, the potential of therapeutic existence is still uncovered. This systematic review is an exhaustive compilation of detailed data on phytochemistry, wide ethnopharmacological uses, medicinal properties and commercial application of mahua in different sectors, with the potential of spasmogenic, oxytocic, uterotonic, anti-bacterial, anti implantation, anti-tumor, anti-progestational, antiestrogenic and anti-cancer activity against menorrhagia, etc. M. longifolia is also used for stomach aches, snake bites, scorpion bites, bone fractures, treatment of piles, joint pains, etc. Moreover, it is used to increase breastmilk production. It will also provide a path for future research for the development of herbal drugs and other products for agriculture and the food industry, contributing to the development of both these sectors.

The electrical supply system in most underdeveloped nations is incredibly undependable. The country’s existing distribution system has experienced regular power outages due to population growth, industrial expansion, rough terrain, and a long-distance transmission network. The conventional approach to centralized generation and transmission is failing to address this challenge and as a response, the utilization of renewable energy sources is expanding day by day to alleviate the energy crisis. The purpose of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis of a 100% renewable off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy system for the electrification of Thakle Namuna Basti, a small communal village in Melamchi, Sindhupalchwok. The HOMER Pro 3.14 program is used to analyze the feasibility of the suggested hybrid power system. The available resources are provided as an input parameter along with load data and HOMER Pro optimizes the list of system architecture for that specific site. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed for the proposed HES (Hybrid Energy System). The main outcome of the project is to find out the best system architecture based on various economic parameters such as NPC (Net Present Cost), LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) and Operating and Maintenance Cost. The system having lowest NPC and LCOE makes the best system architecture.

Concerns about building thermal performance and energy consumption are fast growing as they account for roughly 40% of worldwide annual energy use. Building construction in Nepal is controlled by the National Building Codes (NBC), which focus solely on structural considerations and ignore thermal behaviour. As a result, housing tends to be too much warm and too cold during summer and winter respectively due to the lack of passive heating and cooling mechanisms considered during the construction phase. The Thakle Integrated Settle (TIS), built by the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) under the National Reconstruction Authority and supported by Oxfam Nepal, was the subject of this research. The building’s performance in the chosen location was analysed using a field and TRNSY simulation-based technique. Using meteorological data from Meteonorm software, the TRNSYS model was created to examine the performance in terms of internal air temperature and heating/cooling load of two buildings with different orientations, e.g., North-East (NE) and South-West (SW). According to simulation results, there is a heating demand that covers roughly 37% of the year, while cooling and comfort conditions were 32% and 31%, respectively. For NE and SW-facing buildings, heating demand was 4.10 MWh and 4.07 MWh, while cooling demand was 1.302 MWh and 1.309 MWh respectively.

Thermal comfort is a relatively emerging topic in the Nepalese context. The role of thermal comfort in building performance is foreshadowed by peoples’ emphasis on only the structural aspect and active heating/cooling systems. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of passive thermal retrofitting techniques in an earthquake-resistant building in a small community called Thakle Namuna Basti of Melamchi, Nepal. Only three retrofitting techniques are used in this simulation; the addition of gypsum plaster on the wall, the use of foam on the floor, and the application of double-glazed windows. The study was conducted through a two-phased survey, and simulation in TRNSYS. The heating and cooling loads before and after retrofitting are compared. It showed that applying passive thermal retrofitting techniques reduced the overall annual heating load by 35% in the winter but increased the overall cooling load by 4% in the summer.

La papa es el cultivo más importante en el Perú, donde más de 200000 hectáreas son cultivadas bajo las diversas condiciones agroecológicas existentes. Los obstáculos técnicos más importantes para mejorar la producción de papa en el Perú son la escasez de semilla de buena calidad, y la susceptibilidad de las variedades existentes a plagas y enfermedades importantes. Las principales ventajas de usar semilla botánica en vez de tubérculos semillas son: la semilla botánica disminuye al mínimo los problemas asociados con plagas y enfermedades transmitidas por el tubérculo y sólo muy pocos patógenos pueden ser portados por la semilla. Así mismo la semilla botánica puede ser almacenada por los agricultores en forma conveniente y barata de una temporada de siembra a otra o durante varios años, también su transporte es fácil y económico. La semilla botánica puede ser incorporada fácilmente en los sistemas agrícolas existentes porque el tiempo de siembra no depende de la fase de brotamiento de las tubérculos-semilla, pudiendo extenderse la papa a regiones donde no podía ser cultivada, como son las áreas (tropicales, cálidas y húmedas porque allí es difícil producir y almacenar tubérculos-semillas de buena calidad. Otra de las principales ventajas de la semilla botánica es que es un material de bajo costo que puede reducir el costo total de producción. Para sembrar una hectárea, los agricultores necesitan solamente alrededor de 100 gramos de semilla botánica, comparados con dos toneladas de tubérculos semillas.

Growth of small businesses or firms is fast and the impact they create on the economy cannot be ignored. How to manage the inventory in an effective and efficient manner is often a challenge for the small businesses and firms. Better and convenient locomotive processes of store loads (personal belongings) are possible through implementation of technology and digital services. The present research work is about the digitalization that assists in allocating luggage flexibly through a particular period of time and place. This model includes the confirmed and fixed allotments according to the block recruited by the ward for the year’s stay. This model follows the inventory management system present in small business foundations or firms that require a medium level of inventory once per annum. The present method is beneficial to complete the work fast and reduce the time-consuming activities. The main idea to achieve is the improvement in digitalization. The present technique replaces the traditional procedure, i.e, the physical presence of superintendent is not required to deal with the working of framework. This innovation provides a key base to the upcoming business ideas that would be a major push to the company to succeed in the market strategy. Similarly, in case of a university management system, students do not have to wait in queues to pay their fees. The same holds true when it comes to another department. The multi user access makes it easier for everyone to get the required information by reducing the waiting period.

This study evaluated the effects of process differentiation on student literary analysis performance in a standard level 11th grade English class. Differentiation aims to help students of all ability levels succeed in diverse, inclusive classrooms. Process differentiation focuses on manipulating the “processing” part of a lesson, the part where students are learning new information, to help differentiate instruction for students. Literary analysis is a popular writing assessment for high school English students due to its use in standardized assessments, like PARCC. Literary analysis requires students to read multiple texts and compare their themes through a written prompt. The students in the experimental group of this study (n = 23) had differentiated process instruction based on ability level, whereas the students in the control group (n = 27) had non-differentiated process instruction when reading two texts. Results of pretesting indicated that the groups did not differ significantly in their ability to conduct literary analysis prior to the intervention. On a posttest literary analysis assessment based off of the two texts, the mean score of the experimental group (Mean = 6.04, SD = 0.88) was significantly higher than that of the control group (Mean = 5.07, SD = 1.00) [t(48) = 3.62, p = 001]. This provides evidence that process differentiation is an effective instructional strategy. Implications, threats to validity, and ideas for future research are discussed.

The kinetic analysis method using non-isothermal technique was proposed to determine the kinetic parameters for the transesterification reaction of waste pig fat in supercritical alcohols. To investigate the transesterification of waste pig fat, the waste pig fat to alcohol ratio (w/w) was varied from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5 between the temperatures 220 and 290 °C at an interval of 10 °C in a 25 mL batch reactor. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed kinetic analysis method, the experimental values were compared with the values calculated using the kinetic parameters obtained from this work. It was found that the proposed kinetic analysis method gave reliable kinetic parameters for the transesterification of waste pig fat in supercritical alcohols. Further, it was found that the apparent activation energy for supercritical ethanol was lower than the value for supercritical methanol.

Comparative analysis of transesterification of virgin cooking oil (VCO) and waste cooking oil (WCO) in catalyzed and supercritical transesterification process using methanol and ethanol as solvents has been conducted in this study. The luminous point of this research was the direct comparison of catalytic and supercritical process using the ester composition obtained from virgin cooking oil and waste cooking oil transesterification. Oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1: 6 and reaction condition of 65 degrees C and 1 bar pressure were considered for the catalytic process, while 260 degrees C and high pressure (65 and 75 bar for methanol and ethanol, respectively) were accounted for the supercritical process. Distinct layer separation was observed for both processes. Ester, fatty acid and glycerol composition was studied for both the upper and lower layers separately, from which 100% ester composition in the upper layer and a mixture of ester and other composition in the lower layer was obtained for the catalytic process owing to succeeding filtration and washing. However, mixture of ester (>75%) and other composition was obtained in both layers for the supercritical process where purification process was not implemented. The similarity in the result obtained demonstrates the superiority of waste cooking oil compared to virgin cooking oil, taking cost into consideration.

Movement of impression copings inside the impression material using a direct (open tray) impression technique during clinical and laboratory phases may cause inaccuracy in transferring the 3-dimensional spatial orientation of implants intraorally to the cast. Consequently, the prosthesis may require corrective procedures. This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy of 3 different impression techniques using polyether and vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material to obtain a precise cast for multiple internal connection implants. A reference acrylic resin model with 4 internal connection implants was fabricated. Impressions of the reference model were made using 3 different techniques and 2 different impression materials. The study consisted of 24 specimens divided into 6 groups of 4 each. Impressions were poured with ADA type IV stone (Kalrock, Kalabhai Karson Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India). All casts were evaluated for the positional accuracy (mm) of the implant replica heads using a profile projector. These measurements were compared to the measurements calculated on the reference resin model, which served as a control. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison procedures to evaluate group means. The results revealed significant difference for anterior implant distance between the 2 impression materials (P < .01) and also among the 3 different techniques (P < .05). The lowest mean variation was found with the polyether impression material and the splinted technique. For posterior implants, the results suggested no significant difference between the 2 impression materials (P ≥ .05). Although results were not statistically significant, the polyether impression material showed the lowest mean variation as compared to the VPS impression material. However, there was a significant difference among the 3 different techniques (P < .05). Among the 3 different techniques, the lowest mean variation between 2 posterior implants was found in the splinted technique. Casts obtained from impression techniques using square impression copings splinted together with autopolymerizing acrylic resin prior to the impression procedure were more accurate than casts obtained from impressions with nonmodified implant impression copings and with airborne particle–abraded, adhesive-coated copings. Casts obtained from polyether impression material were more accurate than casts obtained from vinyl polysiloxane impression material.

Cranial vault deformities as a sequelae to trauma may be as high as 70%. The basic indications for cranioplasty are improvement of disfigured aesthetics and to provide protection to the intra-cranial contents. The possibility of producing custom-made implants opened a new era in the reconstructive surgery of the craniofacial deformities. The outcome of craniofacial bone reconstruction is thought to be dependent on surgical skills, quality of adjacent soft tissues, size and location of the bone defect and choice of repair method. The use of autologous bone for craniofacial reconstruction may be restricted due to limited amounts of donor bone. Combined surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation of these structures utilizing craniofacial implants is a viable option which offers several advantages when compared to surgical reconstructive techniques alone. Predictability and superior aesthetics are the major advantages of this technique. In addition to the advantages of good biocompatibility and mechanical strength, titanium also provides the advantage of being light in weight. This clinical report highlights the combined surgical and prosthetic approach for the successful management of frontonasal defect.

Desired retrievability of cemented implant-supported fixed prosthesis makes the retentive strength of cementing agents an important consideration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the retentiveness of purposely designed implant cement and compare its retentiveness with dental cements that are commonly used with implant systems. Ten implant analogs were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and titanium abutments were attached to them. Fifty standardized copings were waxed directly on the abutment and casted. The cements used were: (1) resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposely designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement. After cementation, each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using universal testing machine and loads required to remove the crowns were recorded. The mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The mean values (± SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement 394.62 (± 9.76), Premier implant cement 333.86 (± 18.91), zinc phosphate cement 629.30 (± 20.65), zinc polycarboxylate cement 810.08 (± 11.52), and glass ionomer cement 750.17 (± 13.78). The results do not suggest that one cement type is better than another, but they do provide a ranking order of the cements regarding their ability to retain the prosthesis and facilitate easy retrievability.

The aim of this preliminary in vitro study was to compare the retentiveness of a luting agent designed for use with dental implants to luting agents designed for use with tooth-retained restorations. The following luting agents were tested: (1) implant cement, (2) resin-bonded zinc oxide-eugenol cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass-ionomer cement. After cementation, each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using a universal testing machine, and the loads required to remove the crowns were recorded. The mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test. The mean cement failure loads (N) were 333.86 ± 18.91 for implant cement, 394.62 ± 9.76 for resin-bonded zinc oxide-eugenol cement, 629.30 ± 20.65 for zinc phosphate cement, 810.08 ± 11.52 for zinc polycarboxylate cement, and 750.17 ± 13.78 for glass-ionomer cement. The retention provided by polycarboxylate cement was significantly greater than that of all other luting agents; the implant cement showed the lowest retention values. These preliminary in vitro observations need to be confirmed under conditions that more closely approximate the clinical environment.

With the predictable integration of implants, the emphasis is shifted towards precise prosthesis. Reproducing the intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving an accurate, passively fitting prosthesis. The critical aspect is to record the three dimensional orientation of the implant as it is present intraorally, other than reproducing fine surface detail for successful implant prosthodontic treatment. The development of impression techniques to accurately record implant position has become more complicated and challenging. During the prosthetic phase of implant therapy there are numerous options available to the implantologist in relation to different impression techniques and materials available for impression making. It is critical to ensure that implant – prosthesis interface have passive fit and original position of the implant maintained in the master cast. There is no evidence supporting that one impression technique or material is better than the other. In the present article the various parameters affecting the accuracy of implant impression along with impression material and technique pertaining to different clinical situations is reviewed.

Reconstruction of an exenterated orbit remains a challenge. Orbital prostheses are nowadays are made of silicone elastomers. A major limitation with silicone orbital prostheses is their relatively short life span. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with an exenterated orbit using a combined surgical and prosthetic approach. The upper and lower eyelids were reconstructed surgically using a deltopectoral flap. A sectional eye prosthesis was made and placed in the modified bottle-neck shaped defect to restore the patient’s appearance and confidence.

The following novel is the third draft of my creative thesis entitled Dancing in the Ashes . It is an exploration of the Detroit rave scene in its dying days, and it mixes real and imagined places and events in order to portray the essence of that time, if not the factuality. The bulk of the novel follows just over two weeks in the life of Thomas Kowalski, a drug dealer living with his parents in suburban Detroit. He parties constantly and seldom works except as necessary to keep his job at a local record store - an invaluable source of connections. The rave scene has been dying a slow death for years, and when Thomas' friend Haas decides to throw one big party, the Detroit dance community is slapped out of its apathy for one wild night of revelry. The events stemming from that night become the defining incidents in the life of Thomas and his friends, and commence a stark epitaph for the carefree days of the rave movement. Being set in Detroit and its suburbs, the novel cannot help but explore themes of race and urban decay, but the majority of the characters are suburban, and in attempting to portray them realistically and sympathetically I have made the characters occasionally confused, disinterested, misguided or apathetic. As much as this is a novel about Detroit's dance culture and the deleterious effects of drugs within it, it is also about young people slowly coming to terms with the collapse of American industry and the narrowing of the middle class. The novel is set in winter: the literal winter of January 2002, and the allegorical winter of the ironic mode - the fall from a low place. The characters within this novel do not lead great or heroic lives, but I have tried to treat them as lives worth considering nonetheless. Their environment is bleak and cold, their prospects dim, their city dying. I have only tried to tell the story of all of us who were there in an informative, entertaining, and faithful fashion.

The results of investigating different parameters (of glasses in Ge-Sb-Se system have been given. The values of structural-sensitive molar IR polarization F have been calculated and its concentrational dependence has been constructed. The polarity of chemical bonds has been estimated. It has been shown that with increasing the content of Sb₂Se₃ in the composition of the glasses the polarity of Sb-Se bonds rises. Within the limits of free volume conception the formation energy (Eh) and the volume (Vh) of microcavities have been calculated. Eh and Vh are structural-sensitive parameters of glassy materials. It has been shown that the inflection is observed in concentrational dependences of investigated and calculated parameters of (GeSe₂)x(Sb₂Se₃)₁-x glasses in the vicinity of x = 0.60. It testifies to the structural changes in the glasses while changing the composition. The structure of (GeSe₂)x(Sb₂Se₃)₁-x glasses is mainly determined by structural units GeSe₄/₂ and SbSe₃/₂, to be statistically distributed into matrices. The increase of Sb₂Se₃ content in GeSe₂ is accompanied by a gradual transition from tetrahedrally co-ordinated structural units in glassy GeSe₂, to trigonally co-ordinated - in Sb₂Se₃.

The interaction between angiotensin [Ang-(1-7)] and bradykinin (BK) was determined in the mesentery of anesthetized Wistar rats using intravital microscopy. Topical application of BK and Ang-(1-7) induced vasodilation that was abolished by the BK B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 and the Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779, respectively. BK (1 pmol)-induced vasodilation, but not SNP and ACh responses, was potentiated by Ang-(1-7) 10 pmol and 100 pmols. The effect of 100 pmol of Ang-(1-7) on BK-induced vasodilation was abolished by A-779, indomethacin, and L-nitroarginine methyl esther, whereas losartan was without effect. Enalaprilat treatment enhanced the BK- and Ang-(1-7)-induced vasodilation and the potentiating effect of Ang-(1-7) on BK vasodilation. The potentiation of BK-induced vasodilation by Ang-(1-7) is a receptor-mediated phenomenon dependent on cyclooxygenase-related products and NO release.