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Glass structures have been increasingly utilised in modern constructions for decades with load-bearing walls or facades as the most common elements. This trend can be also observed in the development of structural systems, production facilities and processing methods for glass. The article is an introduction to the topic of glass used structurally. It provides basic material properties and types of commonly used glasses. The work also reviews briefly the current standardization for glass in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass structures have been increasingly utilised in modern constructions for decades with load-bearing walls or facades as the most common elements. This trend can be also observed in the development of structural systems, production facilities and processing methods for glass. The article is an introduction to the topic of glass used structurally. It provides basic material properties and types of commonly used glasses. The work also reviews briefly the current standardization for glass in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the problems that deal with causal explanation in the work of historians. It states that among the historical events that encompass causal explanation include landlords' management of their estates and the impact of manorial-serf economic development to grain industry. It also discusses the development of national consciousness, the introduction of Christianity in Lithuania, and historical scholarship in respect to some circumstances.

The article focuses on the roles of the recognition of history as idiographic science and history laws in disputes. It says that several issues exist in nature of idiographic history such as historical inquiry investigation, conducting research on idiographic way, and historical statement formulation. It adds that the existence of historical laws may be interpreted in different ways.