Search

The integration of the residential function beyond the limits of the urban and developable land in the legislative frameworks has had a distinct and incomplete character. Faced with an identical phenomenon in general, called urban sprawl, the competent governments in this matter within the Iberian Peninsula have opted for a dissimilar assimilation of it, materialized in different legal and instrumental mechanisms. The objective of this paper is to present the different ways of understanding and regulating this new urban model by the Portuguese state government and the regional autonomous governments in Spain. To do this, a comparative analysis is carried out on the criteria for the classification of undeveloped land and a review of the most paradigmatic tools for the management of periurban and rurban development. The works indicate a position that is still indeterminate and, sometimes, contradictory. In spite of this, there is a tendency towards the regulated inclusion of the residential function outside the geographical contexts that have traditionally supported it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion and visibility of Brazilian women and particularly the specific images of Brazil and Brazilians in the Portuguese imaginary have contributed to the construction of new versions of stigma and stereotypes surrounding them. Mainstream images of Brazilian women have incorporated prejudices about the sensuality of Creole women who are reminiscent of the Portuguese colonial imaginary. Starting from this stigmatised image, we show how Brazilian women entrepreneurs in the ‘beauty’ business filière reinterpret and mobilise this perceived negative image, transforming it into an added value associated with an ‘aesthetic’ Brazilian body culture. This idea of ‘body’ aesthetics becomes a business resource transformed into aesthetic–corporal capital, a key component of the Brazilian beauty business filière. Empirically, this research is based on qualitative elements, in particular 25 interviews with Brazilian women entrepreneurs of the beauty filière working in Portugal, collected for the project BELTS-W (Brazilian Entrepreneurial Links and Transnational Strategies – Women). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Simultaneous trends for ethnicization and gentrification are contributing to the fragmentation of contemporary urban spaces. This is characterised by the emergence of new social and urban units that break the homogeneity of the modern city and lead to the development of new networks, territorially discontinuous, less neighbourhood centred and with a limited intersection. With Mouraria (Lisbon, Portugal) and San Francisco (Bilbao, Spain), two traditional and multiethnic neighbourhoods, as case-studies this paper aims to critically discuss the nature of gentrification, its coexistence with ethnicization and its contribution for socio-urban fragmentation. The empirical analysis of the residents' social networks will be used to test levels and types of interaction and the spatial formats they assume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following what is taking place in many cities of Southern Europe, some neighbourhoods of the historic center of Lisbon appear marked by the coexistence of two processes of socio-urban transition: the establishment of non-European immigrants and the development of marginal gentrification, whose simultaneous occurrence has led to cultural and ethnic diversity. Using the Mouraria neighbourhood in Lisbon as an example, this text aims to contribute to the understanding of the interactions and potential tensions that emerge between the two groups playing the key roles in these processes and also between them and the "traditional" local neighbours. A special attention will be given to the marginal gentrifiers, trying to detect paradoxes between a tolerant and locally committed discourse and real practices that seem to be poorly integrated in local social networks, therefore displaying a limited potential to contribute for the revitalization of the place of Mouraria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the decreasing emigration rate of Portugal in the year 2010 and also provides brief historical overview of immigration and emigration process of the country. It informs that politicians of the country refer to the dual nature of the people in the terms of country of origin and as a country of destination of migratory flows.

Mas allá de interpretar la motivación inicial de la emergencia de las iniciativas empresariales de ciudadanos indios residentes en Lisboa, o identificar sus sectores de actividad, este trabajo intenta verificar de qué manera sus actividades introducen elementos innovadores en la ciudad. Para ello considera tres dominios: 1) la dinamización y animación de áreas degradadas en términos económicos, así como la creación de una nueva simbología espacial; 2) la oferta de nuevos productos y servicios asociada a la implementación de nuevas prácticas de mercado y 3) la apertura de nuevas relaciones comerciales a distancia interpretadas como componente de la internacionalización secundaria de la ciudad. Las actividades empresariales de estos ciudadanos contribuyen, además, aunque de modo indirecto, a la introducción de nuevas prácticas culturales y también a una revisión de algunos mecanismos de regulación de actividades económicas, en términos de horarios, regulación urbanística y comercial, entre otros. Para responder a la pregunta de cuáles son las contribuciones de los inmigrantes indios a las dinámicas urbanas de Lisboa, y en relación con la introducción de cambios sociales, se procura interpretar las iniciativas con el criterio de si constituyen estrategias sociales creativas. Tras un exhaustivo análisis, se concluye que, efectivamente, la mayoría de las iniciativas comerciales de los inmigrantes de esta etnia incorporan elementos innovadores y creativos y tienen impactos diversos y evidentes en la dinámica de transformación de ciertos espacios del área metropolitana de Lisboa (AML), si bien no parece posible afirmar que constituyan, propiamente, estrategias sociales creativas, en toda su plenitud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unfavourable evolution of social conditions and housing patterns of immigrants in contemporary Southern Europe challenges the association of social inclusion and integration with spatial dispersal. Recent housing and socio-urban changes, involving limited public-housing production and few opportunities for self-build housing, have triggered additional processes of socio-residential exclusion associated with peripheralisation, de-segregation in the context of urban renewal, and gentrification. Finally, the strength and specific composition of the major waves of immigrants in the 1990s and early 2000s have also contributed to narrowing migrants' access to the housing market and promoting distinctive patterns of settlement. Focusing on the six metropolises of Lisbon, Madrid, Barcelona, Turin, Milan and Rome, we explore patterns and dynamics of socio-ethnic segregation in Southern Europe, paying particular attention to the processes of marginalisation through dispersal, and questioning the orthodox association between residential de-segregation and social inclusion. Despite data limitations and the fact that these examples may not be representative of all Southern European metropolises, this paper aims at a more accurate interpretation of the contemporary socio-urban dynamics associated with the presence of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is analysis of the changing socio-spatial situation of immigrants in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area during the 1990s. The theoretical framing of this analysis is built on several bases: the metropolitan area's particular urban history and planning processes; the post-industrial features which are common to Southern European cities; the nature of the welfare system; and the specific characteristics of the Lisbon housing market. The analysis explores the links between the circumstances of different immigrant groups and contemporary urban social processes, such as polarisation, exclusion, residential segregation, and fragmentation of the urban social fabric. Regarding differential effects and processes across immigrant groups, two dimensions of comparison can be stressed: the distinction between the labour immigrants, mainly from Portuguese-speaking African countries, and highly-qualified migrants from the European Union; and a further distinction between the 'first wave' of labour migrants from Africa, whose numbers grew sharply after the decolonisation process of the mid-1970s, and whose migration still continues, and a 'second wave' made up mainly of East Europeans, Brazilians and some Asian groups, who arrived after 1999-2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The austerity regime implemented in Portugal to face the financial and economic crisis caused readjustments in the country's productive structure and labour market with an impact on immigrants' lifeworlds. This article aims at analysing the consequences of the crisis in the lives of third-country nationals living in Portugal, reflecting particularly on the impact on their integration process, understood as economic incorporation, in a context of increasing work precariousness. Special attention will be given to the resilience of immigrants visible in their responses to the labour market constraints, namely through their choices of geographic (im)mobility and also the implementation of strategies to 'normalise' their lives. Starting with a brief reference to the meaning of integration in Portugal in a context of crisis, we draw on data from two research projects, arguing that despite the increased hardship, the resilience of foreign workers is considerable and they still think it is worth coming to Portugal. The strategies adopted may be either in situ or implying onward migration, resulting from the combination of context opportunities and individual agency. Factors like legal status, education and having relatives abroad play a moderate role in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]